3D Synthetic Environment Reconstruction

by Abdelguerfi, Mahdi

• ISBN13: 9780792373216
• ISBN10: 0792373219
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2001-06-01
• Publisher: Springer Verlag

Summary

Although synthetic environments were traditionally used in military settings for mission rehearsal and simulations, their use is rapidly spreading to a variety of applications in the commercial, research and industrial sectors, such as flight training for commercial aircraft, city planning, car safety research in real-time traffic simulations, and video games. 3D Synthetic Environment Reconstruction contains seven invited chapters from leading experts in the field, bringing together a coherent body of recent knowledge relating 3D geospatial data collection, design issues, and techniques used in synthetic environments design, implementation and interoperability. In particular, this book describes new techniques for the generation of Synthetic Environments with increased resolution and rich attribution, both essential for accurate modeling and simulation. This book also deals with interoperability of models and simulations, which is necessary for facilitating the reuse of modeling and simulation components. 3D Synthetic Environment Reconstruction is an excellent reference for researchers and practitioners in the field. Included with this volume is a CD-ROM containing the color version of the book's many illustrations.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
Chapter 1	11	(24)
Introduction	11	(2)
3D Synthetic Environment Applications	13	(3)
Aerospace	13	(1)
City Planning & GIS	14	(1)
Education	14	(1)
Manufacturing	15	(1)
M&S	15	(1)
Synthetic Environment Data	16	(7)
Data Sources	16	(2)
NIMA's Vector Product Format Data Model	18	(3)
Commercial Database Formats	21	(2)
Three-dimensional Data Acquisition	23	(1)
The Synthetic Environment Database Generation Process	23	(3)
Synthetic Environment Database Exchange, Reuse and Sharing	26	(2)
Data Repositories	26	(1)
Interchange Specifications	27	(1)
Distributed Simulations of Synthetic Environments	28	(1)
Synthetic Environment Visualization Technologies	28	(3)
The CAVE	28	(1)
The Workbench	29	(1)
Head Mounted Displays	30	(1)
Virtual Retinal Display	30	(1)
Monitors	30	(1)
Haptics	31	(1)
Conclusion	31	(1)
Acknowledgments	32	(3)
Chapter 2	35	(26)
Introduction	35	(2)
Preliminaries	37	(3)
Multiresolution Meshes	40	(8)
Modifications of a Mesh	41	(3)
Batches of Modifications	44	(1)
A Framework For Multiresolution	44	(4)
Survey of Existing Models	48	(9)
Nested Models	48	(5)
Evolutionary Models	53	(1)
Sequential Models	54	(1)
Vertex Forests	55	(2)
Other Approaches	57	(1)
Conclusions	57	(4)
Chapter 3	61	(14)
Introduction	61	(1)
The VPF + Data Structure	62	(5)
VPF + Primitives	62	(1)
VPF Enhancements	63	(2)
Non-Manifold Objects	65	(2)
The Prototype	67	(3)
NRL's GIDB	70	(2)
Conclusions	72	(1)
Acknowledgments	73	(2)
Chapter 4	75	(28)
Introduction	75	(1)
Data Acquisition	76	(8)
Data Sources	76	(2)
Photogrammetric Data Collection	78	(1)
Surface Reconstruction	79	(5)
Automated Reconstruction	84	(11)
The Role of Models	84	(1)
Building Reconstruction Systems	85	(2)
Segmentation of Digital Surface Models	87	(1)
Detection of Buildings using Morphology	87	(2)
Detection of Buildings by Classification	89	(1)
Structuring by Curvature Based DSM Segmentation	90	(2)
Structuring by Planar DSM Segmentation	92	(1)
Ground Plans	93	(2)
Texture Mapping	95	(3)
Conclusions and Outlook	98	(5)
Chapter 5	103	(16)
Introduction / Photo-Realistic Visualization	103	(5)
Image-based Rendering	104	(1)
Textured 3D Graphics	105	(1)
Capturing of Photographic Information	106	(2)
Visualization	108	(1)
Distant Adapted Representations	108	(1)
VRML-based Implementation	109	(1)
Capturing	109	(8)
Establish Point Correspondences	110	(2)
Triangulation for Panoramic Images	112	(1)
Building Objects	113	(2)
Finding Camera Positions	115	(2)
Conclusion and Outlook	117	(2)
Chapter 6	119	(18)
Introduction	120	(3)
Modeling Requirements for a Mobile Augmented Reality System	123	(6)
Modeling Methods	129	(6)
Surveying Methods	129	(1)
Topological LIDAR	129	(1)
Photogrammetric and Computer Vision-Based Techniques	130	(5)
Conclusions	135	(2)
Chapter 7	137	(32)
Introduction	137	(1)
Data Sources	138	(1)
Background Work on Urban Database Construction	139	(1)
Modeling Building Strategies	140	(3)
Enhancement Techniques	141	(1)
2D Feature Extraction Techniques	141	(1)
Interactive 3D Object Extraction/Creation	142	(1)
3D Natural Object Extraction	143	(1)
Semi-Automatic Urban Construction	143	(8)
Overhead Imagery	144	(1)
Time/Date Selection	145	(1)
Building Extraction	145	(1)
Building Polyhedra Generation	146	(2)
Building Textures	148	(1)
Exporting and Adjusting the Urban Terrain	149	(1)
Results for Building Urban Databases	150	(1)
Background Work on Urban Visualization	151	(1)
Real-Time Urban Visualization	152	(12)
An Efficient Global Hierarchical Structure for Heterogeneous Data	154	(3)
Hierarchy for Buildings and Other Static Objects	157	(2)
Hierarchical Structure for Optimized Paging	159	(2)
Results for Collections of Buildings	161	(3)
Conclusions	164	(1)
Future Directions	164	(1)
Acknowledgements	165	(4)
Index	169