4G Wireless Video Communications

by Haohong Wang (Marvell Semiconductors); Lisimachos Kondi (University Of Ioannina); Ajay Luthra (Motorola Inc.); Song Ci (University of Nebraska-Lincoln)

• ISBN13: 9780470745175
• ISBN10: 0470745177
• Format: eBook
• Copyright: 2009-06-01
• Publisher: Wiley

Summary

A comprehensive presentation of the video communication techniques and systems, this book examines 4G wireless systems which are set to revolutionise ubiquitous multimedia communication.4G Wireless Video Communications covers the fundamental theory and looks at systems' descriptions with a focus on digital video. It addresses the key topics associated with multimedia communication on 4G networks, including advanced video coding standards, error resilience and error concealment techniques, as well as advanced content-analysis and adaptation techniques for video communications, cross-layer design and optimization frameworks and methods. It also provides a high-level overview of the digital video compression standard MPEG-4 AVC/H.264 that is expected to play a key role in 4G networks.Material is presented logically allowing readers to turn directly to specific points of interest. The first half of the book covers fundamental theory and systems, while the second half moves onto advanced techniques and applications. This book is a timely reflection of the latest advances in video communications for 4G wireless systems. One of the first books to study the latest video communications developments for emerging 4G wireless systems Considers challenges and techniques in video delivery over 4G wireless systems Examines system architecture, key techniques and related standards of advanced wireless multimedia applications Written from both the perspective of industry and academia

Table of Contents

Forword

Preface

About the Authors

About the Series Editors

Introduction

Why 4G?

4G Status and Key Technologies

3GPP LTE

Mobile WiMAX

Video Over Wireless

Video Compression Basics

Video Coding Standards

Error Resilience

Network Integration

Cross-Layer Design for Wireless Video Delivery

Challenges and Opportunities for 4G Wireless Video

References

Wireless Communications and Networking

Characteristics and Modeling of Wireless Channels

Degradation in Radio Propagation

Rayleigh Fading Channel

Adaptive Modulation and Coding

Basics of Modulation Schemes

System Model of AMC

Channel Quality Estimation and Prediction

Modulation and Coding Parameter Adaptation

Estimation Error and Delay in AMC

Selection of Adaptation Interval

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

Background

System Model and Implementation

Pros and Cons

Multiple-Input Multiple-Output Systems

MIMO System Model

MIMO Capacity Gain: Multiplexing

MIMO Diversity Gain: Beamforming

Diversity-Multiplexing Trade-offs

Space-Time Coding

Cross-Layer Design of AMC and HARQ

Background

System Modeling

Cross-Layer Design

Performance Analysis

Performance

Wireless Networking

Layering Network Architectures

Network Service Models

Multiplexing Methods

Connection Management in IP-Based Data Networks

QoS Handoff

Summary

References

Video Coding and Communications

Digital Video Compression - Why and How Much?

Basics

Video Formats

Scanning

Color

Luminance, Luma, Chrominance, Chroma

Information Theory

Entropy and Mutual Information

Encoding of an Information Source

Variable Length Coding

Quantization

Encoder Architectures

DPCM

Hybrid Transform-DPCM Architecture

A Typical Hybrid Transform DPCM-based Video Codec

Motion Compensation

DCT and Quantization

Procedures Performed at the Decoder

Wavelet-Based Video Compression

Motion-Compensated Temporal Wavelet Transform Using Lifting

References

4G Wireless Communications and Networking

IMT-Advanced and 4G

LTE

Introduction

Protocol Architecture

E-UTRAN Overview Architecture

User Plane and Control Plane

LTE Physical Layer

LTE Layer 2

The Evolution of Architecture

LTE Standardization

WIMAX-IEEE 802.16m

Network Architecture

System Reference Model

Protocol Structure

MAC Layer

PHY Layer

Other Functions Supported by IEEE 802.16m for Further Study

3GPP2 UMB

Architecture Reference Model

Layering Architecture and Protocols

Acknowledgements

References

Advanced Video Coding (AVC)/H.264 Standard

Digital Video Compression Standards

AVC/H.264 Coding Algorithm

Temporal Prediction

Motion Estimation

P and B MBs

Multiple References

Motion Estimation Accuracy

Weighted Prediction

Frame and Field MV

MV Compression

Spatial Prediction

The Transform

4×4 Integer DCT and Inverse Integer DCT Transform

8×8 Transform

Hadamard Transform for DC

Quantization and Scaling

Scanning

Variable Length Lossless Codecs

Exp-Golomb Code

CAVLC (Context Adaptive VLC)

CABAC

Deblocking Filter

Hierarchy in the Coded Video

Basic Picture Types (I, P, B, B_R)

SP and SI Pictures

Buffers

Encapsulation/Packetization

Profiles

Baseline Profile

Extended Profile

Main Profile

High Profile

High10 Profile

High 4:2:2 Profile

High 4:4:4 Predictive Profile

Intra Only Profiles

Levels

Maximum Bit Rates, Picture Sizes and Frame Rates

Maximum CPB, DPB and Reference Frames

Parameter Sets

Sequence Parameter Sets (SPS)

Picture Parameter Sets (PPS)

Supplemental Enhancement Information (SEI)

Subjective Tests

References

Content Analysis for Communications

Introduction

Content Analysis

Low-Level Feature Extraction

Edge

Shape

Color

Texture

Motion

Mathematical Morphology

Image Segmentation

Threshold and Boundary Based Segmentation

Clustering Based Segmentation

Region Based Approach

Adaptive Perceptual Color-Texture Segmentation

Video Object Segmentation

COST211 Analysis Model

Spatial-Temporal Segmentation

Moving Object Tracking

Head-and-Shoulder Object Segmentation

Video Structure Understanding

Video Abstraction

Video Summary Extraction

Analysis Methods in Compressed Domain

Content-Based Video Representation

Content-Based Video Coding and Communications

Object-Based Video Coding

Error Resilience for Object-Based Video

Content Description and Management

MPEG-7

MPEG-21

References

Video Error Resilience and Error Concealment

Introduction

Error Resilience

Resynchronization Markers

Reversible Variable Length Coding (RVLC)

Error-Resilient Entropy Coding (EREC)

Independent Segment Decoding

Insertion of Intra Blocks or Frames

Scalable Coding

Multiple Description Coding

Channel Coding

Error Concealment

Intra Error Concealment Techniques

Inter Error Concealment Techniques

Error Resilience Features of H.264/AVC

Picture Segmentation

Intra Placement

Reference Picture Selection

Data Partitioning

Parameter Sets

Flexible Macroblock Ordering

Redundant Slices (RSs)

References

Cross-Layer Optimized Video Delivery over 4G Wireless Networks

Why Cross-Layer Design?

Quality-Driven Cross-Layer Framework

Application Layer

Rate Control at the Transport Layer

Background

System Model

Network Setting

Problem Formulation

Problem Solution

Performance Evaluation

Routing at the Network Layer

Background

System Model

Routing Metric

Problem Formulation

Problem Solution

Implementation Considerations

Performance Evaluation

Content-Aware Real-Time Video Streaming

Background

Background

Problem Formulation

Routing Based on Priority Queuing

Problem Solution

Performance Evaluation

Cross-Layer Optimization for Video Summary Transmission

Background

Problem Formulation

System Model

Link Adaptation for Good Content Coverage

Problem Solution

Performance Evaluation

Conclusions

References

Content-based Video Communications

Network-Adaptive Video Object Encoding

Joint Source Coding and Unequal Error Protection

Problem Formulation

System Model

Channel Model

Expected Distortion

Optimization Formulation

Solution and Implementation Details

Packetization and Error Concealment

Expected Distortion

Optimal Solution

Application on Energy-Efficient Wireless Network

Channel Model

Experimental Results

Application on Differentiated Services Networks

Joint Source-Channel Coding with Utilization of Data Hiding

Hiding Shape in Texture

Joint Source-Channel Coding

Joint Source-Channel Coding and Data Hiding

System Model

Channel Model

Expected Distortion

Implementation Details

Experimental Results

References

AVC/H.264 Application - Digital TV

Introduction

Encoder Flexibility

Random Access

GOP Bazaar

MPEG-2 Like, 2B, GOP Structure

Reference B and Hierarchical GOP structures

Low Delay Structure

Editable Structure

Others

Buffers, Before and After

Coded Picture Buffer

Decoded Picture Buffer (DPB)

Bitstream Splicing

Trick Modes

Fast Forward

Reverse

Pause

Carriage of AVC/H.264 Over MPEG-2 Systems

Packetization

Packetized Elementary Stream (PES)

Transport Stream (TS)

Program Stream

Audio Video Synchronization

Transmitter and Receiver Clock Synchronization

System Target Decoder and Timing Model

References

Interactive Video Communications

Video Conferencing and Telephony

IP and Broadband Video Telephony

Wireless Video Telephony

3G-324M Protocol

Multiplexing and Error Handling

Adaptation Layers

The Control Channel

Audio and Video Channels

Call Setup

Region-of-Interest Video Communications

ROI based Bit Allocation

Quality Metric for ROI Video

Bit Allocation Scheme for ROI Video

Bit Allocation Models

Content Adaptive Background Skipping

Content-based Skip Mode Decision

Budget Adjustment

References

Wireless Video Streaming

Introduction

Streaming System Architecture

Video Compression

Application Layer QoS Control

Rate Control

Rate Shaping

Error Control

Protocols

Transport Protocols

Video/Audio Synchronization

Delay-Constrained Retransmission

Receiver-Based Control

Sender-Based Control

Hybrid Control

Rate-Distortion Optimal Retransmission

Considerations for Wireless Video Streaming

Cross-Layer Optimization and Physical Layer Consideration

P2P Video Streaming

References

Index

Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved.