A comprehensive text to an understanding the next generation mobile broadband and wireless Internet of Things (IoT) technologies

5G Verticals brings together in one comprehensive volume a group of visionaries and technical experts from academia and industry. The expert authors discuss the applications and technologies that comprise 5G verticals. The earlier network generations (2G to 4G) were designed as on-size-fits-all, general-purpose connectivity platforms with limited differentiation capabilities. 5G networks have the capability to demand customizable mobile networks and create an ecosystem for technical and business innovation involving vertical markets such as automotive, healthcare, manufacturing, energy, food and agriculture, city management, government, public transportation, media and more.

5G will serve a large portfolio of applications with various requirements ranging from high reliability to ultra-low latency going through high bandwidth and mobility. In this book, the authors explore applications and usages of various 5G verticals including a set of key metrics for these uses and their corresponding target requirements. The book also examines the potential network architectures and enabling technologies to meet the requirements of 5G verticals. This important book:

Offers a comprehensive resource to the promise of 5G Verticals
Provides a set of key metrics for the uses and target requirements
Contains illustrative examples of the technology and applications
Includes contributions from experts in the field and professionals that developed the 5G standards
Provides an analysis of specific vertical industries which have the potential to be among the first industries to use 5G

Written for industry practitioners, engineers and researchers, 5G Verticals discusses the technology that enables the 5G system to be flexibly deployed and scaled.

RATH VANNITHAMBY, PhD is Senior Research Scientist at Intel Corporation, Oregon, USA.

ANTHONY C.K. SOONG, PhD is Chief Scientist at Futurewei Technologies, Texas, USA.

List of Contributors xi

Preface xiii

Acknowledgments xv

Part I Introduction to 5G Verticals 1

1 Introduction 3
Anthony C.K. Soong and Rath Vannithamby

1.1 Introduction 3

1.2 5G and the Vertical Industries 5

1.3 5G Requirements in Support of Vertical Industries 10

1.4 Radio Access 12

1.5 Network Slicing 14

1.6 Other Network Issues 17

1.7 Book Outline 19

References 20

Part II 5G Verticals – Deployments and Business Model Opportunities and Challenges 25

2 5G Network for a Variety of Vertical Services 27
Jin Yang

2.1 5G Services 29

2.1.1 Enhanced Mobile Broadband 29

2.1.2 Ultra Reliable and Low Latency Communications 31

2.1.3 Massive Machine Type Communications 32

2.2 Networks 33

2.2.1 5G Network Architecture 34

2.2.2 Multi-Access Edge Computing Network 38

2.2.3 Virtualized Radio Accesses 40

2.3 Service-Aware SON 42

2.3.1 5G-NR SON Control 44

2.3.2 An Intelligent Hybrid 3-Tier SON 46

2.3.3 Service-Aware Access Scheme 48

2.3.4 Performance Benefits 50

2.4 Summary 51

Acronyms 52

References 54

Part III 5G Verticals – Radio Access Technologies 57

3 NR Radio Interface for 5G Verticals 59
Amitava Ghosh, Rapeepat Ratasuk, and Frederick Vook

3.1 Introduction 59

3.2 NR Radio Interface 60

3.2.1 eMBB 67

3.2.2 URLLC 70

3.2.3 mMTC 72

3.2.3.1 eMTC Overview 74

3.2.3.2 NB-IoT Overview 74

3.2.3.3 Coexistence with NR 76

3.3 5G Verticals 78

3.3.1 Industrial IoT 78

3.3.2 Automotive V2X 82

3.3.3 eHealth 86

3.4 Conclusion 88

Acknowledgment 88

Acronyms 89

References 90

4 Effects of Dynamic Blockage in Multi-Connectivity Millimeter-Wave Radio Access 93
Vitaly Petrov, Margarita Gapeyenko, Dmitri Moltchanov, Andrey Samuylov, Sergey Andreev, and Yevgeni Koucheryavy

4.1 Introduction 93

4.2 Blockage Effects in 5G Millimeter-Wave Cellular Communication 94

4.2.1 Millimeter-Wave Link Blockage at a Glance 94

4.2.2 Blockage Modeling Methodology 95

4.2.2.1 Geometric Representation of Blocking Objects 95

4.2.2.2 Attenuation Caused by Blocking Objects 96

4.2.2.3 Channel Models 96

4.2.2.4 Blockage States 96

4.2.3 Accounting for mmWave Blockage 96

4.2.4 Summary 97

4.3 Modeling Consumer 5G-IoT Systems with Dynamic Blockage 97

4.3.1 Spontaneous Public Event 97

4.3.2 Moving Through the Crowd 98

4.3.3 AR Sessions in Dense Moving Crowd 100

4.3.4 Connected Vehicles 102

4.3.5 Summary 103

4.4 Dynamic Multi-Connectivity 103

4.4.1 Multi-Connectivity at a Glance 103

4.4.2 Optimizing the Degree of Multi-Connectivity 104

4.4.3 Modeling 5G NR Systems with Multi-Connectivity 105

4.4.4 Impact of Multi-Connectivity Policy 107

4.4.5 Summary 108

4.5 Bandwidth Reservation 109

4.5.1 Session Continuity Mechanisms 109

4.5.2 Concept of Bandwidth Reservation 109

4.5.3 Summary 110

4.6 Proactive Handover Mechanisms 111

4.6.1 Dynamic Blockage Avoidance 111

4.6.2 Deterministic AP Locations 112

4.6.3 Deterministic UE Locations/Trajectories 113

4.6.4 Summary 114

4.7 Conclusions 114

References 115

5 Radio Resource Management Techniques for 5G Verticals 119
S.M. Ahsan Kazmi, Tri Nguyen Dang, Nguyen H. Tran, Mehdi Bennis, and Choong Seon Hong

5.1 Introduction 120

5.2 5G Goals 120

5.3 Radio Access Network Management 121

5.4 Network Slicing 124

5.5 Use Case: Virtual Reality 125

5.5.1 System Model 125

5.5.2 Problem Formulation 127

5.5.3 ADMM-Based Solution 128

5.5.4 Performance Analysis 131

5.6 Summary 131

References 133