Acoustic and Auditory Phonetics

by Johnson, Keith

• ISBN13: 9781405194662
• ISBN10: 1405194669
• Edition: 3rd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2011-08-15
• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Summary

A valuable tool for any health care leader dedicated to improving the quality of care and enhancing patient satisfaction. Combining theory and discussion with a practical 'action plan' format, Sherman challenges the reader to think about solutions, not just ideas. --Irwin Press, president, Press, Ganey Associates, Inc. Whether you're a CEO, a caregiver, or simply someone who cares about the results of service initiatives, you'll find plenty of great ideas in this book. --Mark C. Clement, president and CEO, Holy Cross Hospital, Winner, 1994 AHA Great Comebacks Award, 1996 International Enterprise Award for Customer Satisfaction, 1998 Global Best Practices Award for Customer Service Total Customer Satisfaction reports on the breakthrough methods used by awarding winning hospitals and health care organizations to achieve top-rated national status in customer satisfaction. Learn from top experts in the field of how to create and implement total customer satisfaction tactical plan that will boost customer satisfaction ratings in your health care organization.

Author Biography

Keith Johnson is Professor of Linguistics at the University of California, Berkeley. He is also the author of Quantitative Methods in Linguistics, and the 6th edition of Peter Ladefoged's A Course in Phonetics.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgments	p. viii
Introduction	p. 1
Fundamentals	p. 5
Basic Acoustics and Acoustic Filters	p. 7
The Sensation of Sound	p. 7
The Propagation of Sound	p. 8
Types of Sounds	p. 11
Simple periodic waves	p. 11
Complex periodic waves	p. 12
Aperiodic waves	p. 17
Acoustic Filters	p. 19
Recommended Reading	p. 22
Exercises	p. 23
The Acoustic Theory of Speech Production: Deriving Schwa	p. 25
Voicing	p. 25
Voicing Quanta	p. 28
Vocal Tract Filtering	p. 30
Pendulums, Standing Waves, and Vowel Formants	p. 32
Discovering Nodes and Antinodes in an Acoustic Tube	p. 45
Recommended Reading	p. 47
Exercises	p. 48
Digital Signal Processing	p. 49
Continuous versus Discrete Signals	p. 49
Analog-to-Digital Conversion	p. 50
Sampling	p. 51
Quantization	p. 55
Signal Analysis Methods	p. 59
RMS amplitude	p. 59
Fast Fourier transform (FFT)	p. 60
Auto-correlation pitch tracking	p. 64
Digital filters	p. 68
Linear predictive coding (LPC)	p. 71
Spectra and spectrograms	p. 77
Recommended Reading	p. 79
Exercises	p. 80
Basic Audition	p. 82
Anatomy of the Peripheral Auditory System	p. 82
The Auditory Sensation of Loudness	p. 83
Frequency Response of the Auditory System	p. 88
Saturation and Masking	p. 90
Auditory Representations	p. 93
Recommended Reading	p. 97
Exercises	p. 98
Speech Perception	p. 100
Auditory Ability Shapes Speech Perception	p. 101
Phonetic Knowledge Shapes Speech Perception	p. 104
Categorical perception	p. 104
Phonetic coherence	p. 109
Linguistic Knowledge Shapes Speech Perception	p. 112
Perceptual Similarity	p. 115
Maps from distances	p. 116
The perceptual map of fricatives	p. 119
Recommended Reading	p. 124
Exercises	p. 126
Speech Analysis	p. 129
Vowels	p. 131
Tube Models of Vowel Production	p. 131
Perturbation Theory	p. 137
"Preferred" Vowels - Quantal Theory and Adaptive Dispersion	p. 141
Vowel Formants and the Acoustic Vowel Space	p. 142
Auditory and Acoustic Representations of Vowels	p. 144
Cross-linguistic Vowel Perception	p. 146
Recommended Reading	p. 149
Exercises	p. 150
Fricatives	p. 152
Turbulence	p. 152
Place of Articulation in Fricatives	p. 157
Quantal Theory and Fricatives	p. 159
Fricative Auditory Spectra	p. 162
Dimensions of Fricative Perception	p. 165
Recommended Reading	p. 166
Exercises	p. 167
Stops and Affricates	p. 169
Source Functions For Stops and Affricates	p. 170
Phonation types	p. 170
Sound sources in stops and affricates	p. 172
Vocal Tract Filter Functions in Stops	p. 176
Affricates	p. 179
Auditory Properties of Stops	p. 180
Stop Perception in Different Vowel Contexts	p. 182
Recommended Reading	p. 183
Exercises	p. 184
Nasals and Laterals	p. 185
Bandwidth	p. 185
Nasal Stops	p. 187
Laterals	p. 196
Nasalization	p. 198
Nasal Consonant Perception	p. 202
Recommended Reading	p. 204
Exercises	p. 205
References	p. 206
Answers to Selected Short-answer Questions	p. 212
Index	p. 218
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