ACSM's Health-Related Physical Fitness Assessment Manual

by Unknown

• ISBN13: 9780781734714
• ISBN10: 0781734711
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2004-03-31
• Publisher: LWW

Summary

This new text from the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) contains information necessary to develop skills for assessing an individual's health-related physical fitness. It provides the reader with a practical how-to-do-it approach for performing these assessment skills effectively, and an understanding of the theory behind and the importance of each skill or assessment. Reported errors associated with each test are also given, and a step-by-step instruction of the skills is provided in order for the reader to gain proficiency through practice. Illustrations and tables supplement the text and enhance learning.

Table of Contents

Preface	v
Credits	vi
Acknowledgments	vii
Introduction	1	(12)
Defining Physical Fitness	2	(1)
Health-Related Physical Fitness	3	(4)
Components of Health-Related Physical Fitness	4	(1)
Total Physical Fitness	4	(1)
Test for Components of Health-Related Physical Fitness	4	(1)
Importance of Health-Related Physical Fitness	4	(1)
Measuring Health-Related Physical Fitness	5	(2)
Health-Related Physical Fitness, Exercise, and Physical Activity	7	(1)
Testing and Measurement Primer	7	(5)
Test Choice Considerations	8	(1)
Pretest Instructions, Environment, and Order	9	(1)
Testing Session Organization: Resting Versus Exercise Testing	9	(1)
Test Score Interpretation: Criterion-Referenced Standards Versus Normative Data	10	(2)
Summary	12	(1)
Suggested Readings	12	(1)
Pre-Activity Screening	13	(14)
Pre-Activity Screening Guidelines	14	(2)
Medical History/Health Habits Questionnaire	15	(1)
Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q)	15	(1)
Medical/Health Examination	15	(1)
Risk Stratification	16	(6)
ACSM Guidelines: Risk Stratification Strata	16	(1)
ACSM Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factor Thresholds Used With Risk Stratification	16	(3)
ACSM Major Signs or Symptoms Suggestive of Cardiopulmonary Disease	19	(1)
ACSM Recommendations for a Medical Examination and Exercise Test Based on Risk Stratification	20	(1)
ACSM Risk Stratification Case Study	21	(1)
Informed Consent	22	(1)
Subject Interview/Orientation for Quiet Tests	22	(1)
Explanation of Procedures	22	(1)
Subject Interview/Orientation for Exercise Tests	23	(1)
Explanation of Procedures	23	(1)
Explanation of Other Fitness Tests	24	(1)
Summary	24	(1)
Laboratory Exercises	24	(1)
Suggested Readings	25	(2)
Resting and Exercise Blood Pressure and Heart Rate	27	(16)
Defining Blood Pressure	28	(1)
Defining Heart Rate	28	(1)
Cardiovascular Hemodynamics	28	(1)
Measurement of Blood Pressure	29	(3)
Theory of Auscultation	29	(1)
Korotkoff Sounds	30	(1)
Instruments Used for Blood Pressure Measurement	30	(1)
Calibration of an Aneroid Sphygmomanometer	31	(1)
Procedures for Resting Blood Pressure Measurement	32	(4)
Augmentation of Sounds of Korotkoff	35	(1)
Norms for Resting Blood Pressure	35	(1)
Exercise Blood Pressure Measurement	36	(2)
Some Specific Suggestions for Measuring Exercise Blood Pressure	36	(1)
Norms for Exercise Blood Pressure	37	(1)
Blood Pressure Calculations	38	(1)
Measurement of Heart Rate	38	(2)
Palpation of Pulse	38	(1)
Norms for Resting Heart Rate	39	(1)
Measurement of Exercise Heart Rate	40	(1)
Rate Pressure Product or Double Product	40	(1)
Summary	41	(1)
Laboratory Exercises	41	(1)
Suggested Readings	41	(2)
Body Composition	43	(30)
Defining Body Composition	44	(1)
Health Implications of Obesity	44	(1)
Anthropometry--Body Composition	44	(24)
Procedures for Height and Weight	47	(1)
Body Mass Index (BMI)	47	(1)
Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR)	48	(2)
Circumferences (Girths)	50	(3)
Skinfold Determination	53	(13)
Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis	66	(1)
Hydrostatic Weighing	67	(1)
Summary of Body Composition Methodology	68	(3)
Calculation of Ideal or Desired Body Weight	70	(1)
Simple Weight Management: Application of Calorie Determination	71	(1)
Laboratory Exercises	71	(1)
Suggested Readings	71	(2)
Muscular Fitness: Muscular Strength, Muscular Endurance, and Flexibility	73	(14)
Defining Muscular Strength	74	(1)
Defining Muscular Endurance	74	(1)
Common Assessments for Muscular Strength	74	(3)
Handgrip Test	74	(1)
1-Repetition Maximum (RM) Bench Press Test	75	(2)
Isokinetic Testing	77	(1)
Common Assessments for Muscular Endurance	77	(3)
Partial Curl-Up and Push-Up Tests	77	(2)
YMCA Bench Press Test	79	(1)
Defining Flexibility	80	(3)
Sit and Reach Test (Trunk Flexion)	81	(1)
YMCA Sit and Reach Test	82	(1)
Recommended Equipment for Additional Tests	83	(1)
Laboratory Exercises	84	(1)
Suggested Readings	85	(2)
Cardiorespiratory Fitness Measurement: Step Tests and Field Tests to Predict Cardiorespiratory Fitness	87	(8)
The Continuum of Measurement of CRF	88	(1)
Importance of Measurement of CRF	88	(1)
Pre-Test Considerations	89	(1)
Step Tests	89	(2)
Queens College Step Test Procedures	90	(1)
Field Tests for Prediction of Aerobic Capacity	91	(1)
Walk/Run Performance Tests	91	(1)
Standards for Maximum Oxygen Uptake: VO2max	92	(1)
Summary	93	(1)
Laboratory Exercises	93	(1)
Suggested Readings	94	(1)
Laboratory Submaximal Exercise Testing: YMCA Cycle Ergometer Test, Astrand Cycle Ergometer Test, and the Bruce Submaximal Treadmill Test	95	(20)
Defining Submaximal Testing	97	(1)
Submaximal Cycle Ergometry Calculations	97	(1)
Cycle Ergometer	98	(1)
Advantages of Cycle Ergometry in Exercise Testing	98	(1)
Disadvantages of Cycle Ergometry in Exercise Testing	99	(1)
Submaximal Prediction of Cardiorespiratory Fitness (CRF)	99	(1)
Assumptions	99	(1)
Sources of Error in Submaximal Prediction	100	(1)
Submaximal Exercise Testing	100	(2)
Test Termination Criteria	100	(1)
Cycle Calibration	100	(1)
General Procedures for Laboratory Submaximal Exercise Testing	101	(1)
YMCA Submaximal Cycle Ergometer Test Procedures	102	(6)
Multistage Protocol	102	(2)
YMCA Submaximal Cycle Ergometer Protocol	104	(2)
Prediction of CRF or Maximal Aerobic Capacity (VO2max) From YMCA Results	106	(2)
Astrand Submaximal Cycle Ergometer Test Procedures	108	(3)
Prediction of Maximal Aerobic Capacity (VO2max) From Astrand Results	109	(2)
Bruce Submaximal Treadmill Exercise Test Procedures	111	(2)
Summary	113	(1)
Laboratory Exercises	113	(1)
Suggested Readings	114	(1)
Maximal Exercise Testing	115	(14)
What Is the Purpose of a Maximal GXT?	116	(1)
Who Should Have a Maximal GXT (and Current Medical Examination) Before Starting a Moderate (or Vigorous) Exercise Program?	116	(1)
Should a Physician Be Present to `Supervise' the Maximal GXT?	117	(1)
What Are the Personnel Needs for Conducting the Maximal GXT?	117	(1)
Which Protocol(s) and Procedures Should Be Used With a Maximal GXT?	117	(8)
Protocols	117	(2)
Bruce Treadmill Protocol	119	(1)
Balke-Ware Treadmill Protocol	120	(1)
Ramp Protocols	120	(1)
Individualized Protocols	120	(2)
General Procedures	122	(3)
What Are the Maximal GXT Contraindications and Test Termination Criteria?	125	(1)
Prediction of Maximal Aerobic Capacity (VO2max) From Bruce Protocol Performance?	125	(2)
VO2max From Total Test Time (TT)	125	(1)
Prediction Equation Using Total Test Time Cubed (TT3)	126	(1)
MET Cost Estimates of Each Minute	127	(1)
Summary	127	(1)
Laboratory Exercises	128	(1)
Suggested Readings	128	(1)
Interpretation of Assessment Results: Case Studies	129	(18)
Introduction	130	(1)
Case 1: Jane Slimmer	130	(8)
Medical History (Health History Questionnaire)	130	(1)
Health Behavior Habits (Health History Questionnaire)	131	(2)
Pre-Activity Screening (ACSM Risk Stratification Table)	133	(1)
Body Composition Data (Anthropometry Data Form)	133	(2)
Muscular Strength, Muscular Endurance, Flexibility Data Form	135	(1)
Cardiorespiratory Fitness Data	136	(2)
Questions	138	(1)
Case 2: John Quick	138	(9)
Health-Related Physical Fitness Forms	139	(6)
Calculating Test Results	145	(2)
Appendix A Conversions	147	(2)
Appendix B Risk Stratification Cases	149	(12)
Appendix C Forms	161	(14)
Index	175