ACSM's Resources for the Personal Trainer

by Unknown

• ISBN13: 9780781790536
• ISBN10: 0781790530
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2006-07-21
• Publisher: LWW

Summary

This valuable resource is the official ACSM preparatory tool for the ACSM Certified Personal Trainer(SM) exam and provides coverage of fitness assessment, exercise prescription, and exercise leadership along with discussions of anatomy and physiology, injury prevention, psychology, emergency techniques, exercise leadership programs, and legal issues. It includes the fundamental knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) used to improve, maintain, and/or optimize health-related components of physical fitness and performance. The Second Edition is now in full color and includes information on writing appropriate exercise recommendations, leading and demonstrating safe and effective methods of exercise, and motivating individuals.

Table of Contents

Preface	vii
PART I: INTRODUCTION TO THE FIELD AND PROFESSION OF PERSONAL TRAINING
Introduction to Personal Training	2	(14)
Mike Niederpruem
Cody Sipe
The Fitness Industry--An Overview of the Landscape	3	(1)
The Profession of Personal Training	4	(4)
The Definition of a Personal Trainer	5	(1)
Becoming a Personal Trainer	6	(1)
The Backgrounds of Personal Trainers	6	(2)
Professional Work Environments	8	(2)
For-Profit	8	(1)
Not-for-Profit	8	(1)
Corporate	9	(1)
ACSM's Role and the Educational Continuum	10	(1)
Identification of a Core Body of Knowledge	10	(1)
Development and Continuous Revision of Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities (KSAs)	10	(1)
Establishing Your Knowledge Base	11	(2)
The Exercise Sciences	11	(1)
Developing Your Tool Kit	12	(1)
Ethics and Professional Conduct	13	(3)
Code of Ethics for ACSM Certified and Registered Professionals	13	(1)
Principles and Standards for Candidates of ACSM Certification Examinations	14	(1)
Public Disclosure of Affiliation	14	(1)
Discipline	15	(1)
Career Track for Professional Personal Trainers	16	(10)
Nicki Andersen
Kenneth E. Baldwin
Becoming a Personal Trainer	19	(1)
Organizing Your Career Pathway	19	(3)
Education	22	(1)
Continuing Education	23	(1)
Developing Business Relationships	23	(1)
Establishing a Client Base	23	(1)
Community Involvement	23	(1)
Medical Affiliations	24	(1)
Building a Solid Professional Foundation	24	(1)
Personal Trainer's Role As Teacher and Educator	24	(1)
Being Well-Rounded---It's More Than Counting Reps	24	(1)
Practices, Standards, and Ethics	24	(2)
PART II: THE EDUCATIONAL APPROACH TO PERSONAL TRAINING
Education-Based Personal Training Programs	26	(26)
Kenneth E. Baldwin
Why Focus on a Process of Education for Your Clients?	28	(1)
The Personal Trainer As Educator	29	(1)
The Educational Model	29	(1)
Bloom's Mastery Learning Model	30	(1)
Gage and Berliner's Model	30	(1)
The Primary Elements of Successful Educational Models	30	(3)
The Nine Principles of Learning	31	(1)
The VAK Learning Preferences: Visual, Auditory, and Kinesthetic Learners	32	(1)
The Three E's to Successful Training	32	(1)
The Education-Based Personal Trainer	33	(1)
Education-Based Training Preparation	33	(12)
Personal Training Is a Sequential Process	33	(5)
Data Gathering	38	(1)
The Client Needs Analysis	38	(1)
Goals and Objectives	39	(2)
Exercise Program Development and Implementation	41	(1)
Observation, Evaluation, and Feedback	41	(4)
The Session Plan	45	(2)
The Flowchart	47	(5)
The Education-Based Personal Trainer--Client Relationship	52	(13)
Kenneth E. Baldwin
Terry Ferebee Eckmann
The Client As a Student	53	(1)
Establish Teaching and Learning Strategies	53	(1)
Establish the Learning Climate	53	(1)
Establish the Focus of Intelligent Learning	54	(2)
The Student As Learner: Learning Principles Applied to Personal Training	54	(2)
Building the Client's Learning Profile	56	(1)
How Clients Learn: The VAK Learning Preferences	57	(4)
Learning Style Preference Assessment	58	(3)
The Learning-Motivated Client	61	(4)
Motivation Part 1: The Academic Motivation Model (ARCS)	61	(1)
The ARCS Model and Personal Training	61	(1)
Motivation Part 2: Six Variables of Motivation	62	(1)
Motivation Part 3: Galbraith's Motivational Strategies	63	(2)
Education-Based Personal Trainer Development	65	(14)
Kenneth E. Baldwin
Terry Ferebee Eckmann
More Skills for the Education-Based Personal Trainer	66	(4)
Communication Skills and Education-Based Personal Training	66	(1)
Developing Your Communication Skills	67	(2)
Basic Preparation of the Personal Training Session	69	(1)
The VAK Learning Preferences Combined with Optimum Learning Strategies	70	(2)
Strategies for the Visual Learner	70	(1)
Strategies for the Auditory Learner	71	(1)
Strategies for the Kinesthetic Learner	72	(1)
The Education-Based Movement Demonstration	72	(3)
Preparation	73	(1)
Demonstration	74	(1)
Client Practice	74	(1)
Observation, Evaluation, and Feedback	74	(1)
Anticipating Your First Client	75	(1)
Six Steps to Becoming an Education-Based Personal Trainer	75	(4)
PART III: LEARNING THE FOUNDATIONS OF EXERCISE SCIENCE AND IMPORTANT RELATED DISCIPLINES
Exercise Physiology	79	(30)
Stanley Sai-chuen Hui
Overview of Exercise Physiology	80	(1)
Definition of Exercise Physiology	81	(1)
Cardiovascular System	81	(7)
The Heart	81	(1)
Tissue Coverings and Layers of the Heart	81	(1)
Chambers, Valves, and Blood Flow of the Heart	82	(1)
The Blood Vessels	83	(1)
Cardiac Function	83	(1)
Measuring Pulses	84	(2)
Acute Response to Cardiovascular Exercise	86	(2)
Respiratory System	88	(4)
Control of Breathing	88	(1)
Distribution of Ventilation	88	(2)
Ventilatory Pump	90	(2)
Energy Systems	92	(3)
Aerobic and Anaerobic Metabolism	92	(1)
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)	93	(1)
Creatine Phosphate (CP)	93	(1)
Anaerobic Glycolysis	94	(1)
Aerobic Oxidation	94	(1)
Recovery from Exercise	95	(1)
Muscular System	95	(5)
Skeletal Muscles	96	(1)
Muscle Contraction	96	(1)
Muscle Contraction and Training	97	(1)
Muscle Fiber Types	98	(1)
Neuromuscular Activation	99	(1)
Skeletal System	100	(1)
Structure and Function of Joints in Movement	100	(1)
Neurological System	100	(3)
Central Nervous System	101	(1)
Peripheral Nervous System	101	(1)
Autonomic Nervous System	102	(1)
Neuromuscular Control	102	(1)
Exercise System Adaptations---Strength, Cardiovascular, Flexibility	103	(6)
Resistance Training	103	(1)
Chronic Adaptations to Cardiovascular Exercise	104	(1)
Cardiovascular Adaptations	104	(1)
Flexibility	105	(4)
Anatomy, Kinesiology, and Biomechanics	109	(68)
John Mayer
Biomechanics and Kinesiology	110	(1)
Describing Body Position and Joint Movement	110	(4)
Anatomical Position	110	(1)
Planes of Motion and Axes of Rotation	110	(1)
Center of Gravity, Line of Gravity, and Postural Alignment	111	(3)
Joint Movement	114	(1)
Musculoskeletal Anatomy	114	(12)
Skeletal System	115	(1)
Articular System	116	(3)
Muscular System	119	(7)
Specific Joint Structures	126	(51)
Upper Extremity	126	(19)
Lower Extremity	145	(21)
Spine	166	(11)
Motor Learning for the Personal Trainer	177	(10)
Howard Zelaznik
Strength Development and Learning	178	(1)
Motor Learning Defined	179	(1)
Measurement of Motor Learning	179	(1)
Characteristics of Motor Learning	180	(2)
Power Law of Learning	181	(1)
Stages of Learning	181	(1)
Neurological Considerations	182	(1)
What is the Nature of Motor Skill Representation?	182	(1)
Goals of Training	182	(1)
Principles of Practice	183	(4)
Specificity of Practice Principle	183	(1)
Knowledge of Results and Knowledge of Performance	183	(1)
Frequency of Knowledge of Results and Knowledge of Performance	184	(1)
Precision and/or Amount of Information Provided	184	(1)
Blocked versus Random Practice Schedules	184	(1)
Variable versus Constant Practice	185	(1)
Demonstrations	185	(2)
Pedagogy and the Client Learning Program	187	(21)
Terry Ferebee Eckmann
Pedagogy and Training	188	(1)
The Personal Trainer's Role As an Educator	188	(1)
Effective Teaching Skills of an Educator/Personal Trainer	189	(1)
Domain 1: Planning and Preparation	190	(1)
Component 1a: Demonstrating Knowledge of Pedagogical Skills	190	(1)
Component 1b: Demonstrating Knowledge of Clients	190	(1)
Component 1c: Developing Client Goals	190	(1)
Component 1d: Demonstrating Knowledge of Resources	191	(1)
Component 1e: Developing an Organized and Effective Training Program	191	(1)
Component 1f: Assessing Client Progress	191	(1)
Domain 2: The Training Environment	191	(1)
Component 2a: Creating an Environment of Respect and Rapport	191	(1)
Component 2b: Establishing a Culture for Learning and Desire for Success	191	(1)
Component 2c: Managing the Training Session	192	(1)
Component 2d: Managing Client Responsiveness	192	(1)
Component 2e: Planning Safe and Efficient Use of Physical Space	192	(1)
Domain 3: Instruction/Training	192	(1)
Component 3a: Communicating Clearly and Accurately	192	(1)
Component 3b: Continually Checking for Understanding	192	(1)
Component 3c: Engaging Clients in Learning and Exercising	193	(1)
Concept 3d: Providing Feedback to Clients	193	(1)
Component 3e: Demonstrating Ability to Adapt to Changing Needs of the Client	193	(1)
Domain 4: Professional Responsibilities	193	(1)
Component 4a: Reflecting on Training	193	(1)
Component 4b: Maintaining Accurate Records	193	(1)
Component 4c: Communicating with the Client	193	(1)
Component 4d: Contributing to the Organization and Community	193	(1)
Component 4e: Growing and Developing Professionally	194	(1)
Component 4f: Demonstrating Professionalism	194	(1)
Reflection on Level of Performance	194	(1)
Personal Attributes of Effective Teachers/Personal Trainers	194	(1)
Emotional Intelligence and the Personal Trainer	195	(1)
Goleman's Four Cluster Emotional Competency Model	196	(1)
Reflective Teaching/Training	196	(1)
Learning Theories	196	(6)
Motivation Theory	196	(2)
Attribution Theory	198	(2)
Transfer Theory	200	(1)
Retention Theory	201	(1)
Goal Theory	202	(1)
Curriculum and Instructional Design	202	(1)
Elements of Lesson Design	203	(1)
Principles of Effective Instruction/Training	203	(1)
Learning Styles	203	(2)
Internet Learning Style Inventories	204	(1)
Gardner's Multiple Intelligences	204	(1)
Brain Research and the Personal Training Client	205	(3)
The Brain and How It Learns	205	(1)
About the Brain	205	(1)
The Grass Theory	206	(1)
Primacy--Recency Theory	206	(1)
Mood and Learning	207	(1)
Exercise Psychology, Motivation, and Behavior Change	208	(30)
Margaret Moore
Frank Claps
Gabrielle R. Highstein
Kate Larsen
Lisa Todd Graddy
Theresa J. Lavin
Personal Trainer's Role in Facilitating Client Change	209	(1)
Personal Trainers Help Clients Change	209	(1)
Clients Decide to Change	209	(1)
The Personal Trainer--Client Relationship Is a Partnership	209	(1)
Accountability	209	(1)
Theories of Behavior Change	210	(6)
Identifying Stages of Readiness to Change	210	(1)
What Stage Is My Client in Today?	211	(1)
Specific Behaviors and Stages of Change	211	(1)
Strategies of Behavior Change	211	(1)
Decisional Balance (Weighing the Pros and Cons)	212	(1)
Self-Efficacy (Confidence in Challenging Situations)	212	(1)
Cognitive (Thinking) or Affective (Feeling) Processes That Support Change	213	(2)
Behavioral Processes That Support Change	215	(1)
Applying the Theories of Behavior Change	216	(1)
Building a Personal Trainer--Client Relationship That Facilitates Change	216	(6)
Getting Started	216	(2)
Establish Your Credibility	218	(1)
Confidentiality	218	(1)
Trust	219	(1)
Being on Time	219	(1)
Meet Commitments	219	(1)
Accept Clients As They Are	219	(1)
Complete Focus	219	(1)
Use Self-Disclosure Only When It Helps Your Client	219	(1)
Active Listening	220	(1)
Reflective Statements	220	(1)
Listen for Facts And Feelings	220	(1)
Ask Open-Ended Questions (Inquiry)	220	(1)
Show Interest in Your Client's Life	220	(1)
Holding Up the Mirror	221	(1)
Provide and Encourage Open, Honest Feedback	221	(1)
Client Participation in Planning and Decisions	221	(1)
Fitness Visions and Intrinsic Motivators	222	(3)
Help Your Client Create a Personal Fitness Vision	222	(1)
Visualization	223	(1)
Finding Your Client's Most Powerful Intrinsic Motivators	223	(2)
Behavioral Goal Setting	225	(3)
Why We Help Clients Set Behavioral Goals	225	(1)
The Power of Accountability and Goals	225	(1)
How to Set Smart Goals	226	(1)
Setting Three-Month Behavioral Goals	226	(1)
Setting Weekly Behavioral Goals	227	(1)
Tracking and Measuring Progress	227	(1)
Subjective Self-Reporting	227	(1)
Assessment of Goal Achievement	228	(1)
Overcoming Obstacles	228	(10)
Recognize and Welcome Obstacles	228	(1)
Obstacles Are Learning Opportunities	228	(1)
Ambivalence and Backsliding	229	(1)
Problem Solving	229	(1)
Offer a Solution to Every Problem Your Client Presents	230	(1)
Be Firm When Appropriate	230	(1)
Help Your Client Find a Support System	230	(1)
Focus Mainly on the Present and Future	231	(1)
Help Your Clients Find Solutions to Obstacles Embedded in Their Lives	231	(1)
Identify Triggers	231	(1)
Remind Your Client of Prior Progress	232	(1)
Negative Self-Talk	232	(1)
Self-Sabotage	232	(1)
Stay Positive and Avoid Being Judgmental	233	(1)
Time Management	233	(1)
Stress Management	233	(1)
Make the Training Program Interesting	234	(1)
Welcome Feedback	234	(4)
Nutrition	238	(27)
Dan Benardot
Walter R. Thompson
Scope of Practice	239	(1)
Essential Nutrition Concepts	240	(1)
Nutrients	240	(1)
Nutrients That Provide Energy	240	(10)
Meeting Energy Needs for Optimal Weight and Body Composition	241	(1)
Carbohydrate	242	(2)
The Glycemic Index	244	(1)
Protein	245	(3)
Fat	248	(2)
Vitamins and Minerals	250	(5)
Water-Soluble Vitamins	250	(5)
Fat-Soluble Vitamins	255	(1)
Minerals	255	(1)
Fluid and Hydration	255	(2)
Meeting Fluid Needs	255	(1)
Fluid Consumption Guidelines	256	(1)
Water versus Sports Drinks	256	(1)
Dietary Supplements and Ergogenic Aids	257	(2)
Practical Considerations	259	(3)
One Day before a Competition	259	(1)
Immediately before Exercise or Competition	259	(1)
During Exercise or Competition	260	(1)
After Exercise or Competition	260	(1)
Eating on the Road	260	(2)
Answers to Frequently Asked Nutrition Questions	262	(3)
Should I Take Protein Supplements?	262	(1)
Should I Consume Sports Drinks or Does Water Work Just As Well?	262	(1)
Should I Stay Away from Caffeinated Beverages before a Workout?	262	(1)
Should I Skip Lunch if I'm Trying to Lower My Body Fat Level?	262	(1)
Will a High-Protein, Low-Carbohydrate Diet Help Me Lose Weight?	263	(1)
Should I Eat or Drink Anything during Exercise?	263	(1)
I'm a Profuse Sweater and Occasionally Get Serious Cramps. Is There Anything I Should Be Doing to Avoid This Problem?	263	(1)
How Can I Tell if I'm Dehydrated?	263	(2)
PART IV: INITIAL CLIENT CONSULTATION, GOALS/OBJECTIVES, SCREENING, AND ASSESSMENTS
The Initial Client Consultation	265	(21)
Kenneth E. Baldwin
The Initial Client Contact	267	(6)
Prepare for Personal Training Clients: Determine a Schedule	267	(1)
Demographics of Your Potential Clients	268	(1)
Meeting Potential Clients	268	(1)
The Potential Client Screening and the Potential Client Intake Form	269	(4)
Building a Client-Personal Trainer Relationship	273	(7)
The Initial Client Consultation	273	(1)
A Client-Focused Approach	273	(2)
Review the Content and Sequence of the Initial Client Consultation	275	(1)
Presenting the Client Welcome Packet	275	(4)
Organizing the Client Welcome Packet	279	(1)
Summarize the Initial Client Consultation	280	(1)
The Art of Communication and Presenting Your Services	280	(6)
Effective Communication Skills	280	(1)
The Importance of Energy and Listening	280	(1)
A Proactive Approach to Listening	281	(1)
Sending Positive Messages through Nonverbal Communications	281	(1)
Learning to Ask Questions	282	(1)
Selling and Recommending the Right Personal Training Package	282	(1)
Selling Personal Training Services	283	(1)
Obtaining Client Commitment	283	(1)
Customer Service and Professionalism	284	(1)
Value the Customer	284	(2)
Client and Personal Trainer Goals and Objectives	286	(11)
Tarra Hodge
Goals and Objectives: The Difference and the Importance	287	(1)
Client Psychology and Behavioral Change	288	(1)
Motivational Feedback	289	(1)
Understanding the Role of Reinforcement in the Goals-Setting Process	290	(1)
Client's Initial Goals and Objectives: Short- and Long-Term	290	(1)
How to Help Clients Formulate Realistic Goals and Objectives	291	(1)
Needs Assessment, Goals, and KSAs of the Personal Trainer	292	(2)
Setting and Recording Client Goals and Objectives	292	(1)
Evaluating Client Goals and Objectives	293	(1)
Personal Trainer's Initial Goals and Objectives	293	(1)
Communication, Feedback, and Client Evaluation/Assessment	294	(1)
12 Steps to Effectively Planning Your Client's Program	295	(2)
Screening and Risk Stratification	297	(17)
Cody Sipe
Why Screen?	298	(1)
Purposes of Screening	298	(1)
The Screening Process	298	(12)
Risk Stratification	299	(1)
Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors	300	(9)
Exercise Testing and Testing Supervision Recommendations	309	(1)
Health History Evaluation	310	(1)
Documentation	310	(1)
Medical Clearance and Referral	310	(4)
Obtaining Medical Clearance	310	(1)
When to Refer?	311	(1)
Communicating with Healthcare Providers	312	(1)
Informed Consent	313	(1)
Client Health-Related Physical Fitness Assessments	314	(42)
Gregory B. Dwyer
Shala E. Davis
Kenneth E. Baldwin
Assessments to Meet Client Needs	315	(1)
Selection and Sequence of Assessments	315	(1)
Heart Rate: Resting, Exercise, and Recovery	316	(1)
Measurement of Heart Rate	316	(1)
Blood Pressure: Resting and Exercise	317	(5)
Measurement of Blood Pressure	317	(3)
Procedures for Resting Blood Pressure Measurement	320	(2)
Body Composition	322	(6)
Height and Weight	323	(1)
Body Mass Index (BMI)	323	(1)
Waist-to-Hip Ratio (WHR)	323	(2)
Waist Circumference Alone	325	(1)
Skinfolds	325	(3)
Cardiorespiratory Assessment	328	(4)
Pretest Considerations	329	(1)
Field Tests for Prediction of Cardiorespiratory Fitness	329	(1)
Walk/Run Performance Tests	330	(1)
Step Tests	331	(1)
Norms for CRF (VO2max)	332	(1)
Flexibility Assessment	332	(2)
Postural Analysis and Body Alignment Assessments	334	(5)
Postural Improvement Takes Time	334	(1)
The Center of Gravity and Base of Support	334	(1)
Line of Gravity	334	(1)
Static and Dynamic Posture	335	(1)
Posture-Related Injuries and Health Concerns	335	(1)
Equipment Needs for Posture Assessment	335	(1)
The Posture Screening and Assessment Process	335	(1)
Analysis of Posture	336	(3)
Correction of Posture and Body Alignment	339	(1)
Exercise Program Design and New Skills Application	339	(1)
Goniometry and Joint Range-of-Motion Assessments	339	(17)
Client Involvement in the Range-of-Motion Assessment	339	(1)
The Goniometry/Range-of-Motion Assessment	340	(1)
Range of Motion (ROM)	340	(1)
The Goniometer	341	(2)
ROM and Postural Alignment Assessments	343	(9)
Goniometry and Its Usefulness As an Assessment Tool	352	(1)
Assessments As a Motivational Device	353	(3)
PART V: DEVELOPING YOUR CLIENT'S EXERCISE PROGRAM
Client Exercise Program Design	356	(16)
Nikki Carosone
Overview of Anatomy and Physiology	357	(4)
Musculoskeletal System	357	(3)
Cardiovascular System	360	(1)
Respiratory System	360	(1)
Types of Training	361	(8)
Resistance Training	361	(4)
Cardiovascular Training	365	(2)
Flexibility Training	367	(2)
Plyometrics and Sports Performance	369	(1)
Balance and Stability	369	(1)
Functional Training	369	(1)
Program Design	370	(2)
Anatomy of an Exercise Session	370	(1)
Exercise Selection	371	(1)
Resistance Training Programs	372	(32)
William J. Kraemer
Jakob L. Vingren
Disa L. Hatfield
Barry A. Spiering
Maren S. Fragala
The Science behind Resistance Training	373	(1)
General Resistance Training Principles	374	(1)
Program Design Process	374	(5)
Training Potential	375	(1)
Initial Assessments	375	(1)
Follow-Up Assessments	375	(1)
Individualization	376	(1)
Client Feedback	376	(1)
Setting and Evaluating Goals	377	(1)
Maintenance of Training Goals	378	(1)
Unrealistic Goals	378	(1)
Resistance Training Modalities	379	(3)
Variable-Resistance Devices	379	(1)
Dynamic Constant External Resistance Devices	380	(1)
Static Resistance Devices	381	(1)
Other Resistance Devices	381	(1)
Machines versus Free-Weight Exercises	382	(1)
The Needs Analysis	382	(2)
Biomechanical Analysis to Determine What Muscles Need to be Trained	383	(1)
Determining the Energy Sources Used in the Activity	384	(1)
Selecting a Resistance Modality	384	(1)
Injury Prevention Exercises	384	(1)
The Acute Program Variables	384	(5)
Choice of Exercises	384	(1)
Order of Exercises	385	(1)
Resistance and Repetitions Used	386	(1)
Number of Sets for Each Exercise	387	(1)
Duration of Rest Period between Sets and Exercises	388	(1)
Variation of the Acute Program Variables	389	(1)
Muscle Actions	389	(1)
True Repetition and Range of Movement	390	(1)
Periodization of Exercise	390	(4)
Linear Periodization	391	(1)
Non-Linear Periodized Programs	392	(2)
Progression from Beginner to Advanced	394	(1)
Clients	394	(1)
Client Interactions	394	(1)
Spotting in Resistance Exercise	395	(1)
Know Proper Spotting Technique	395	(1)
Resistance Exercises	396	(8)
Cardiorespiratory Training Programs	404	(27)
Barbara Bushman
Kenneth E. Baldwin
General Training Principles	405	(3)
Design of the Cardiovascular Training Program	408	(17)
Warm-Up	408	(1)
Endurance Phase	408	(17)
Cool-Down	425	(1)
Sample Cardiovascular Training Programs	425	(5)
Fitness Progression for Beginners	426	(1)
Fitness Gains and Weight Loss	426	(4)
Implementation of Cardiovascular Training Programs	430	(1)
Guidelines for Designing Flexibility Programs	431	(22)
Christopher Berger
Jan Schroeder
Determinants of Flexibility	432	(2)
Age	433	(1)
Gender	433	(1)
Physical Activity History	434	(1)
Benefits and Risks of Flexibility Training	434	(1)
Benefits	434	(1)
Risks	435	(1)
Evaluating Flexibility	435	(1)
Three Types of Stretching	436	(2)
Static	436	(1)
Dynamic	437	(1)
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation	438	(1)
Rationale for Flexibility Training	438	(1)
General Guidelines to Consider When Designing a Flexibility Training Program	438	(1)
Warm-Up	438	(1)
Breathing	438	(1)
Posture	439	(1)
Precautions for Individuals with Health Concerns	439	(1)
Arthritis	439	(1)
Muscular Imbalance	439	(1)
Osteoporosis	440	(1)
Hip Fracture/Replacement	440	(1)
Flexibility Program Development	440	(13)
Frequency	440	(1)
Intensity	440	(1)
Duration	440	(10)
Mode	450	(3)
Sequencing the Personal Training Program	453	(19)
Neal I. Pire
Michael Rankin
Optimal Client Care and Customer Service	454	(1)
Effective Professional Daily Habits	455	(2)
Client Safety	455	(1)
Planning Each Workout	456	(1)
Proper Charting	456	(1)
Professional Conduct in the Training Facility	456	(1)
Facility Cleanliness	456	(1)
Proper Exercise Protocols	457	(1)
Daily Personal Trainer Improvement	457	(1)
Personal Training Session Criteria	457	(4)
Greeting	457	(1)
Warm-Up Phase	458	(1)
Progression	458	(1)
Continuity	458	(1)
Cool-Down Phase	459	(1)
Flexibility	459	(1)
Monitoring Metabolic and Perceived Exertion	459	(1)
Exercise Selection	459	(1)
Spotting: Hands-On Interaction	460	(1)
Equipment Use/Replacement	460	(1)
Charting	460	(1)
Adherence to Fitness Program Specifics	461	(1)
Attentiveness	461	(1)
Innovation and Problem-Solving Skills	461	(1)
Education and Motivation	461	(3)
The Phases of a Personal Training Session	464	(5)
Preparation Phase	465	(1)
Transitional Phase	466	(2)
The Workout	468	(1)
The Review	468	(1)
Training Notes	469	(3)
PART VI: BUSINESS PRINCIPLES FOR PERSONAL TRAINERS
Business Basics and Planning	472	(14)
Joan Hatfield
Neal I. Pire
The Personal Trainer's Position	473	(1)
Business Success	473	(2)
Managing a Personal Training Department	474	(1)
Hiring Personal Trainers	474	(1)
Setting Training Standards	474	(1)
Training and Empowering Personal Trainers	475	(1)
Fitness Management	475	(1)
Starting a Business	476	(1)
Sole Proprietorship	476	(1)
Independent Contractor	476	(1)
Partnership	476	(1)
Corporation	476	(1)
S Corporation	477	(1)
Administration	477	(6)
Establishing a Budget	477	(1)
Management and Policies	477	(1)
Marketing	478	(2)
Sales	480	(3)
Pricing	483	(1)
Business Planning	483	(1)
Professional Standards	483	(3)
Legal Issues and Responsibilities	486	(13)
Shirley Archer
Potential Areas of Professional Liability	487	(9)
Safe Premises	487	(2)
Equipment Use	489	(2)
Scope of Practice	491	(1)
Sexual Harassment	492	(1)
Proper Qualifications	493	(1)
Emergency Response	494	(1)
Client Confidentiality	494	(2)
Risk Management Strategies	496	(3)
Written Policies, Procedures, and Forms	496	(1)
Informed Consent, Release, or Waiver	496	(1)
Professional Liability Insurance	497	(2)
Appendix: American College of Sports Medicine Certifications	499	(32)
Index	531