Administrative Justice in the United States

by Strauss, Peter L.

• ISBN13: 9780890890424
• ISBN10: 0890890420
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-04-01
• Publisher: Carolina Academic Press

Author Biography

Peter L. Strauss is Betts Professor of Law at Columbia University Law School.

Table of Contents

Table of Cases	xi
Table of Statutes	xix
Table of Text and Periodical Citations	xxiii
Reports of Commissions and Committees	xxxvii
Preface	xxxix
Introduction	3	(6)
Constitutional Background	9	(60)
General character of the Constitution	9	(3)
Stability and change	12	(5)
The separation of powers	17	(19)
The agencies Congress has created are not ones of separated powers	20	(6)
Although Congress is given ``all legislative power,'' executive agencies (courts) are often authorized to adopt regulations that, if valid, have the force of statutes	26	(10)
Fundamental rights	36	(33)
Speech/consumer protection	41	(1)
Inspection/unreasonable search	42	(4)
Information/incrimination	46	(2)
``Due Process of law'' as procedure	48	(1)
Introductory	48	(5)
Goldberg v Kelly	53	(3)
Threshold issues	56	(3)
The procedures due	59	(6)
``Due process of law'' as substance: the expropriation problem	65	(4)
The Machinery of Government	69	(78)
The Actors the Constitution names-Congress President and Court	70	(57)
Congress	70	(2)
Legislation and appropriations	72	(10)
Committee oversight of agency functioning	82	(3)
Congressional agencies-Congressional Budget Office and the General Accounting Office	85	(2)
President	87	(3)
Political and administrative authority	90	(4)
Appointments and removals	94	(7)
``Opinion, in writing''	101	(8)
The White House staff	109	(3)
Federal Judiciary	112	(9)
The Supreme Court	121	(2)
The Circuit Courts of Appeal	123	(3)
The District Courts	126	(1)
Special courts	126	(1)
The political leadership of administration	127	(8)
Cabinet departments	128	(2)
Departmental bureaus	130	(1)
Independent executive agencies	131	(2)
Independent regulatory commissions	133	(2)
The civil service and senior executive service	135	(4)
Administrative adjudicators and the corps controversy	137	(2)
State and local government	139	(4)
Enforcement officials	143	(4)
The Scope of Administrative Law	147	(40)
Governmental powers generally	147	(5)
Contexts for regulation	152	(35)
Economic regulation	152	(1)
Economic concentration	153	(1)
Common carrier and public utility regulation	154	(3)
Regulation of the professions	157	(1)
Regulation of the economic conditions of labor	158	(1)
Consumer protection	159	(2)
Allocation of artificial or public goods	161	(1)
Health and safe regulation	162	(6)
Private land	168	(1)
Social security, health and welfare	169	(3)
Taxes and excises	172	(1)
Public services	173	(3)
Custodial institutions	176	(3)
Immigration, deportation	179	(1)
International commerce	180	(1)
Public land and other state goods	181	(1)
Government contracting	182	(1)
State employment	183	(1)
State enterprises	184	(1)
Other matters	185	(2)
The Procedural Forms of Administrative Action	187	(84)
The sources of structure for federal administrative procedure	188	(11)
Constitution	188	(3)
The Administrative Procedure Act	191	(3)
Other statutes	194	(2)
Presidential (and other political) controls	196	(1)
The courts	197	(2)
The agencies	199	(1)
Adjudication	199	(20)
Formal agency adjudications	199	(2)
Model on-the-record adjudication	201	(6)
License applications	207	(3)
License sanctions	210	(1)
Informal agency adjudications	210	(2)
Participation claims of the protected public	212	(1)
Private actions requiring initiation of proceedings	213	(2)
Compulsory private intervention in agency proceedings	215	(3)
Alternative dispute resolution	218	(1)
Rulemaking	219	(39)
The APA models	220	(1)
Notice and comment rulemaking	220	(2)
Publication rulemaking	222	(3)
Formal rulemaking	225	(1)
The transformation of rulemaking	226	(4)
Bureaucratic structures of rulemaking, the rulemaking ``record,'' and rulemaking decision	230	(2)
The uncertainties of ``legislative'' judgment and disputes about general fact	232	(1)
The impact of open government legislation	233	(1)
The ``paper hearing''	234	(4)
The siren call of the model of judicial trial	238	(6)
The impact of increasing political oversight	244	(8)
Negotiated rulemaking	252	(2)
Forcing the agency's hand in rulemaking	254	(4)
Choice between rulemaking and adjudication	258	(5)
Investigation	263	(5)
Inspections	263	(2)
Required forms and reports	265	(1)
Compulsory process	266	(2)
State administrative law	268	(3)
Controls of Administrative Action Other Than Judicial	271	(26)
Political intervention or oversight	271	(5)
In on-the-record proceedings	273	(2)
Extraneous factors	275	(1)
``Open government'' regulations	276	(14)
Freedom of Information Act	276	(6)
Electronic FOIA	282	(3)
Government in the Sunshine Act	285	(2)
Federal Privacy Act	287	(2)
Federal Advisory Committee Act	289	(1)
Ombudsmen and watchdog agencies	290	(2)
Informal policy oversight: the general and trade press	292	(2)
``Public Interest'' model, and actors	294	(3)
Obtaining Judicial Review	297	(38)
Jurisdictional bases for review	298	(14)
Statutory and non-statutory review of administrative action	298	(5)
The presumption of reviewability	303	(2)
Statutory preclusion of review	305	(1)
Explicit preclusion	305	(3)
Implicit preclusion	308	(2)
Matters committed to agency discretion by law	310	(2)
Preliminary issues on judicial review	312	(20)
Standing	314	(8)
Special rules of timing and place	322	(1)
Finality	322	(4)
Exhaustion	326	(2)
Ripeness	328	(3)
Primary jurisdiction	331	(1)
Preliminary relief	332	(1)
Available judicial remedies	332	(3)
Scope of Judicial Review	335	(52)
In general	335	(6)
Constitutional issues	337	(3)
The APA framework	340	(1)
Questions of fact	341	(8)
Substantial evidence	343	(5)
``Arbitrary, Capricious ''	348	(1)
Questions of law	349	(26)
The American practice of statutory interpretation	349	(11)
Statutory interpretation at the agency level	360	(5)
Agency or court?	365	(10)
Judgment and the exercise of discretion	375	(12)
Citizens to Preserve Overton Park v. Volpe	376	(1)
The elements of review	376	(2)
The problems of record, findings, and reasons	378	(2)
Inquiry into mental processes	380	(1)
Consistency	381	(3)
Hard look review	384	(3)
Liability of Public Authorities and Their Agents	387	(16)
Relief against the sovereign	388	(3)
Tort actions as a form of review	391	(9)
Against governmental units	391	(3)
Against government officials	394	(1)
Theories of liability	394	(2)
Defenses to liability	396	(2)
Integration with tort action against government	398	(1)
The implied cause of action	398	(2)
Liability in contract	400	(3)
Index	403