Adult Reference Computational Phantoms: Joint ICRP/ICRU Report (Book with CD-ROM)

by Clement, C. H.

• ISBN13: 9780702041860
• ISBN10: 0702041866
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2010-05-01
• Publisher: SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC

Summary

This report describes the development and intended use of the computational phantoms of the Reference Male and Reference Female. In its recent recommendations (ICRP Publication 103: Recommendations of the ICRP. Annals of the ICRP 37(2-3) (2007)), the ICRP adopted these computational phantoms for forthcoming updates of organ dose coefficients for both internal and external radiation sources. The phantoms are based on medical image data of real persons, yet are consistent with the data given in ICRP Publication 89 on the reference anatomical and physiological parameters for both male and female subjects. The reference phantoms are constructed after modifying the voxel models (Golem and Laura) of two individuals whose body height and mass resembled the reference data. The organ masses of both models were adjusted to the ICRP data on the adult Reference Male and Reference Female, without compromising their anatomic realism. This report describes the methods used for this process and the characteristics of the resulting computational phantoms. The Introduction summarises the main reasons for constructing these phantoms - voxel phantoms being the state of the art, and the necessity of compliance with the anatomical characteristics of the ICRP 89 Reference Male and Reference Female . Chapter 2 summarises the specifications of the computational phantoms with respect to external dimensions and the source and target regions that are required; Chapter 3 characterises the previously segmented voxel models Golem and Laura that are the origin of the reference phantoms; Chapter 4 sketches the modifications that had to be applied to these models to create voxel models of the Reference Male and Reference Female; Chapter 5 is a description of the resulting reference computational phantoms of the Reference Male and Reference Female; and Chapter 6 indicates their applications and highlights their limitations. The phantoms' technical description is contained in Appendices A-H that form the larger part of this Publication. The numerical data representing the phantoms are contained on an electronic data storage medium (CD-ROM) that accompanies the printed publication. One of the aims of the report is to assist those who want to implement the phantoms for their own calculations. Furthermore, to illustrate the uses of these phantoms, graphical illustrations of conversion coefficients for some external and internal exposures are included in Appendices I-L. A comprehensive set of recommended values will be published in separate reports. Keywords: Computational phantoms, voxel models, Reference Male, Reference Female

Table of Contents

Abstract

Editorial

Table of Contents

Preface

Main Points

Executive Summary

Glossary

Introduction

Specifications of the computational phantoms

Selection and segmentation of tomographic data

Modifications of segmented images to create reference computational phantoms

Description of the adult reference computational phantoms

Applications and limitations of the reference computational phantoms

References

ID listings, medium, density, mass, minimum/maximum columns, rows and slices occupied by each organ/tissue (containing rectangular prism) and organ centres of mass.

List of media and their elemental composition

List of source regions, acronyms and ID numbers

List of target regions, acronyms and ID numbers

Distributions of depths of selected organs/tissues

Chord-length distributions between selected organ pairs

Cross-Sectional Images

Selected Organ dose conversion coefficients - external photons

Selected Organ dose conversion coefficients - external neutrons

Selected Organ dose conversion coefficients - external helium ions

selected Specific absorbed fractions - photons

Selected Specific absorbed fractions - electrons

Summary of the CD Contents

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