Advanced Bioimaging Technologies in Assessment of the Quality of Bone and Scaffold Materials

by Qin, L.; Genant, H. K.; Griffith, J. F.; Leung, K. S.

• ISBN13: 9783540454540
• ISBN10: 3540454543
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2007-08-03
• Publisher: Springer Verlag

Summary

This book provides a perspective on the current status of bioimaging technologies developed to assess the quality of musculoskeletal tissue with an emphasis on bone and cartilage. It offers evaluations of scaffold biomaterials developed for enhancing the repair of musculoskeletal tissues. These bioimaging techniques include micro-CT, nano-CT, pQCT/QCT, MRI, and ultrasound, which provide not only 2-D and 3-D images of the related organs or tissues, but also quantifications of the relevant parameters. The advance bioimaging technologies developed for the above applications are also extended by incorporating imaging contrast-enhancement materials. Thus, this book will provide a unique platform for multidisciplinary collaborations in education and joint R&D among various professions, including biomedical engineering, biomaterials, and basic and clinical medicine.

Table of Contents

Perspectives of Advances in Musculoskeletal and Scaffold Biomaterial Imaging Technologies and Applications
Advances in Assessment of Quality of Bone and Orthopaedic Applications
Perspectives on Advances in Bone Imaging for Osteoporosis	p. 5
Bone Structure and Biomechanical Analyses Using Imaging and Simulation Technology	p. 27
Imaging Technologies for Orthopaedic Visualization and Simulation	p. 51
In-Vivo Bone Mineral Density and Structures in Humans: From Isotom Over Densiscan to Xtreme-CT	p. 65
Calibration of Micro-CT Data for Quantifying Bone Mineral and Biomaterial Density and Microarchitecture	p. 79
Repositioning of the Region of Interest in the Radius of the Growing Child in Follow-up Measurements by pQCT	p. 85
Non-invasive Bone Quality Assessment Using Quantitative Ultrasound Imaging and Acoustic Parameters	p. 103
Advances Microscopic Technologies and Applications
Cortical Bone Mineral Status Evaluated by pQCT, Quantitative Backscattered Electron Imaging and Polarized Light Microscopy	p. 135
High-Fidelity Histologic Three-Dimensional Analysis of Bone and Cartilage	p. 163
Application of Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy in Musculoskeletal Research	p. 173
Fiber-optic Nano-biosensors and Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy for Biological Imaging	p. 191
Changes of Biological Function of Bone Cells and Effect of Anti-osteoporosis Agents on Bone Cells	p. 205
Bone Histomorphometry in Various Metabolic Bone Diseases Studied by Bone Biopsy in China	p. 223
Cell Traction Force Microscopy	p. 227
Advances in Vascular Research and Applications
Contrast-Enhanced Micro-CT Imaging of Soft Tissues	p. 239
Advances in Scaffold Biomaterial Research and Applications
Materials Selection and Scaffold Fabrication for Tissue Engineering in Orthopaedics	p. 259
Quantification of Porosity, Connectivity and Material Density of Calcium Phosphate Ceramic Implants Using Micro-Computed Tomography	p. 289
Bone Densitometries in Assessing Bone Mineral and Structural Profiles in Patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis	p. 307
Application of Nano-CT and High-Resolution Micro-CT to Study BoneQuality and Ultrastructure, Scaffold Biomaterials and Vascular Networks	p. 323
Bio-imaging Technologies in Studying Bone-Biomaterial Interface: Applications in Experimental Spinal Fusion Model	p. 331
Assessment of Bone, Cartilage, Tendon and Bone Cells by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy	p. 351
Specific Applications of Advances in Musculoskeletal and Scaffold Biomaterial Imaging Technologies
In Assessment of Osteoporosis and Treatment
TEM Study of Bone and Scaffold Materials	p. 371
Material and Structural Basis of Bone Fragility: A Rational Approach to Therapy	p. 391
Application of Micro-CT and MRI in Clinical and Preclinical Studies of Osteoporosis and Related Disorders	p. 397
CT-Based Microstructure Analysis for Assessment of Bone Fragility	p. 415
Discrimination of Contributing Factors to Bone Fragility Using vQCT In Vivo	p. 429
Osteoporosis Research with the vivaCT40	p. 449
Mechanical Properties of Vertebral Trabeculae with Ageing Evaluated with Micro-CT	p. 461
MRI Evaluation of Osteoporosis	p. 473
Multiple Bio-imaging Modalities in Evaluation of Epimedium-Derived Phytoestrogenic Fraction for Prevention of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis	p. 483
Areal and Volumetric Bone Densitometry in Evaluation of Tai Chi Chuan Exercise for Prevention of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis	p. 503
Enhancement of Osteoporotic Bone Using Injectable Hydroxyapatite in OVX Goats Evaluated by Multi-imaging Modalities	p. 515
In Assessment of Fracture Repair
Quality of Healing Compared Between Osteoporotic Fracture and Normal Traumatic Fracture	p. 529
Monitoring Fracture Healing Using Digital Radiographies	p. 541
Fracture Callus Under Anti-resorptive Agent Treatment Evaluated by pQCT	p. 551
In Assessment of Osteonecrosis
Volumetric Measurement of Osteonecrotic Femoral Head UsingComputerized MRI and Prediction For Its Mechanical Properties	p. 567
Biomedical Engineering in Surgical Repair of Osteonecrosis: the Role of Imaging Technology	p. 577
Contrast-Enhanced MRI and Micro-CT Adopted for Evaluation of a Lipid-Lowering and Anticoagulant Herbal Epimedium-Derived Phytoestrogenic Extract for Prevention of Steroid-Associated Osteonecrosis	p. 591
Nanomechanics of Bone and Bioactive Bone-Cement Interfaces	p. 611
In Assessment of Osteoarthritis
Subchondral Bone Microarchitecture Changes in Animal Models of Arthritis	p. 627
Microarchitectural Adaptations of Primary Osteoarthrotic Subchondral Bone	p. 641
Ultrasonic Characterization of Dynamic Depth-Dependent Biomechanical Properties of Articular Cartilage	p. 657
Mechanical PropertyofTrabecular Bone of the Femoral Heads from Osteoarthritis and Osteoporosis Patients	p. 673
Index	p. 691
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