Advanced Mac OS X Programming

by Dalrymple, Mark

• ISBN13: 9780974078519
• ISBN10: 0974078514
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2005-10-01
• Publisher: Big Nerd Pub

Summary

There are several other books on programming for Mac OS X, but none of them contain explanations of how to leverage the powerful underlying technologies. This book goes down to the real nitty-gritty of multi-threading, interprocess communication, networking, performance tuning, distributed objects, queues, Bonjour, authentication, the keychain, and directory services. The tools are also covered: gcc, gdb, subversion, Shark, and Saturn.

Author Biography

Mark Dalrymple has been a Macintosh programmer since 1985 and a Unix programmer since 1990. Over the years he has worked on projects ranging from cross-platform development toolkits, parts of the Mac AOL client, and high-performance web server software servicing hundreds of millions of requests per day. Currently he heads Borkware, a custom application development and consultation company. Aaron Hillegrass who worked at NeXT and Apple, is the author of “Cocoa Programming for Mac OS X.” He is also the founder of the Big Nerd Ranch. Big Nerd Ranch provides world-class training for Mac OS X and Unix developers.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements	xv
Introduction	1	(4)
Unix: Built to Evolve	1	(1)
This Book	2	(1)
Typographical Conventions	3	(1)
Online Materials	3	(2)
The Compiler	5	(32)
Handy Flags	5	(2)
Debugging	6	(1)
Warnings	6	(1)
Defining Preprocessor Symbols	7	(2)
Seeing Preprocessor Output	9	(1)
Seeing the Generated Assembly Code	10	(1)
Preprocessor Hints and Tricks	11	(5)
Predefined macros	11	(2)
Macro hygiene	13	(1)
Multiline macros	14	(2)
Variable Arguments	16	(5)
Varargs Gotchas	20	(1)
Compiler Optimization	21	(1)
GCC Extensions	22	(1)
gcc 4.0	23	(3)
long double	23	(1)
Testing the Compiler Version	24	(1)
New Optimizer	25	(1)
Vectorization	25	(1)
Even More Compiler Flags	26	(2)
64-Bit Computing	28	(2)
The 64-bit Programming Model	28	(1)
64-bit Cleanliness	29	(1)
Should You Go 64-bit?	30	(1)
Universally Fat Binaries	30	(7)
Fat Binaries from the Command Line	30	(4)
Fat Binaries in Xcode	34	(3)
Libraries	37	(36)
Static Libraries	37	(4)
Shared Libraries	41	(2)
Frameworks	43	(5)
Framework Versioning	46	(2)
Writing Plug-ins	48	(9)
Bundles in Cocoa	48	(5)
Bundles With Dylib	53	(4)
Shared Libraries and dlopen	57	(3)
dlopen()	57	(1)
dlsym()	58	(1)
BundleLoader Revisited	59	(1)
Embedding Frameworks in Applications	60	(10)
Creating the Framework	61	(4)
Creating the Application	65	(3)
Cross-Project Dependencies	68	(2)
ranlib and Source Code Management	70	(2)
For The More Curious: Optimizing the system	72	(1)
Challenge	72	(1)
Command Line Programs	73	(12)
The Basic Program	73	(2)
Inside the Central Loop	75	(1)
Changing by Name	76	(1)
Looking at the Environment	77	(2)
Parsing the Command Line	79	(4)
For the More Curious: getopt()	83	(2)
Memory	85	(38)
Introduction	85	(1)
Virtual Memory	85	(1)
Differences From Classic Mac OS Memory Management	86	(1)
Program Memory Model	87	(3)
Memory Lifetime	90	(1)
Dynamic Memory Allocation	90	(6)
malloc()	91	(3)
free()	94	(1)
realloc()	94	(1)
calloc()	95	(1)
alloca()	96	(1)
Memory Ownership Issues	96	(5)
Debugging Memory Problems	101	(8)
Common API issues	101	(1)
Memory corruption	102	(1)
MallocGuardEdges	103	(1)
MallocScribble	104	(1)
MallocStackLogging and MallocStackLoggingNoCompact	105	(1)
MallocCheckHeapStart	105	(2)
Guard Malloc	107	(1)
Memory Leaks	107	(1)
Memory Leaks in Cocoa	108	(1)
For the More Curious	109	(11)
ps and top	109	(2)
Resource limits	111	(5)
Some other tools	116	(3)
vm_stat	119	(1)
vmmap	119	(1)
Challenge	120	(3)
Debugging With GDB	123	(30)
What is a Debugger?	123	(1)
Using GDB From The Command Line	123	(13)
A Sample GDB Session	123	(13)
GDB Specifics	136	(1)
Help	136	(1)
Stack Traces	137	(1)
Program Listings	138	(1)
Breakpoints	139	(1)
Displaying Data	140	(2)
Changing Data	142	(1)
Changing Execution Flow	142	(1)
Handy Tricks	142	(2)
Debugging Techniques	144	(2)
Tracking Down Problems	145	(1)
Debugger Techniques	146	(1)
For The More Curious	146	(5)
Core files	147	(3)
Stripping	150	(1)
More Advanced GDB Commands	151	(2)
Threads	151	(2)
Exceptions, Error Handling, and Signals	153	(34)
errno	153	(3)
setjmp, longjmp	156	(2)
Signals	158	(1)
Handling A Signal	158	(2)
Blocking Signals	160	(5)
Handling signals with sigaction ()	164	(1)
Signal Issues	165	(4)
Reentrancy	165	(3)
Race conditions	168	(1)
Exception-Handling in Cocoa	169	(7)
Classic Exception-Handling	169	(3)
Native Exception-Handling	172	(3)
Subclassing NSApplication to catch exceptions	175	(1)
Logging	176	(9)
syslog()	176	(2)
ASL	178	(1)
ASL Messages	178	(2)
ASL Queries	180	(5)
For The More Curious	185	(2)
Assertions	185	(1)
Challenges	186	(1)
Files, Part 1: I/O and Permissions	187	(46)
Unbuffered I/O	187	(14)
Opening a file	187	(3)
Writing to a file	190	(2)
Reading From a File	192	(2)
Closing files	194	(1)
Changing the Read/Write Offset	194	(1)
Atomic operations	195	(2)
Scatter / gather I/O	197	(4)
creat()	201	(1)
Blocking I/O	201	(1)
Buffered I/O	201	(8)
Opening files	202	(1)
Closing Files	203	(1)
Text I/O	203	(2)
Binary I/O	205	(3)
Positioning	208	(1)
Formatted I/O	209	(1)
Misc Functions	209	(1)
Buffered I/O vs. Unbuffered I/O	210	(1)
Removing Files	210	(2)
Temporary Files	212	(2)
File Permissions	214	(9)
Users and groups	214	(2)
File permissions	216	(7)
Directory Permissions	223	(1)
Permission-Check Algorithms	224	(2)
For the More Curious: Memory-Mapped files	226	(7)
Files, Part 2: Directories, File Systems, and Links	233	(40)
Directories	233	(6)
Creation and destruction	233	(1)
Directory iteration	233	(1)
The opendir() Family	233	(2)
getdirentries()	235	(4)
Current working directory	239	(1)
Inside The File System	239	(2)
Links	241	(4)
Hard links	242	(1)
Symbolic links	242	(3)
Mac OS aliases	245	(1)
API for links	245	(1)
File Metadata	245	(19)
stat()	245	(6)
getattrlist()	251	(1)
Describing the Attributes	252	(2)
Parsing the Buffer	254	(4)
Metadata in Batches	258	(6)
Mac OS X Specific Weirdness	264	(1)
Resource forks	264	(1)
.DS_Store	264	(1)
Disk I/O and sleep	265	(1)
For The More Curious	265	(6)
Differences between HFS+ and UFS	265	(1)
Other random calls	266	(2)
Other random programs	268	(1)
Cocoa APIs of interest	269	(1)
Access Control Lists	269	(1)
Extended Attributes	270	(1)
Challenge	271	(2)
NSFileManager	273	(16)
NSFileManager	273	(1)
Make a File Browser	274	(12)
Create the DirEntry Class	275	(3)
Create a nib file using NSTreeController	278	(5)
Using NSBrowser and DirEntry	283	(1)
Adding deletion	284	(2)
NSWorkspace	286	(1)
Challenge	287	(2)
Network Programming With Sockets	289	(36)
Addresses	289	(1)
The Address Data Structures	290	(1)
IPv4 Address Structures	290	(1)
IPv6 Address Structures	291	(1)
Network Byte Order	291	(1)
Address Conversions	292	(3)
IPv4 and IPv6 Compatible Functions	292	(3)
IPv4-specific functions	295	(1)
Domain Name Lookup	295	(3)
Simple Network Programming	298	(5)
Server coding	298	(1)
Constructing an address	299	(1)
bind	299	(1)
listen	299	(1)
accept	300	(3)
Client Coding	303	(3)
connect	303	(3)
More Advanced Issues	306	(16)
Multiplexing connections	306	(3)
Message boundaries	309	(13)
For the More Curious:	322	(1)
Datagrams	322	(1)
Challenge	323	(2)
CFRunLoop	325	(26)
CFSocket	325	(3)
GUI Chatter Client	328	(9)
The System Configuration Framework	337	(4)
Architecture	337	(1)
Basic API	338	(3)
Seeing all values	341	(2)
SCFMonitor	343	(5)
For the More Curious	348	(2)
Challenge	350	(1)
Multiprocessing	351	(28)
Process Scheduling	351	(1)
Convenience Functions	352	(1)
fork	353	(3)
Parent And Child Lifetimes	356	(4)
exec	360	(2)
Pipes	362	(4)
Gotchas with Cocoa and fork()	366	(1)
For the More Curious	367	(10)
The HTTP protocol	367	(10)
Summary	377	(1)
Challenge	377	(2)
Using NSTask	379	(12)
NSProcessInfo	379	(1)
NSTask	379	(1)
NSFileHandle	380	(1)
NSPipe	381	(1)
Creating an App that Creates a New Process	381	(4)
Non-blocking reads	385	(6)
Edit the nib file	386	(1)
Edit the code	387	(4)
kqueues	391	(18)
kqueue()	391	(1)
Events	392	(1)
Registering and Handling Events	393	(2)
kqueues for Signal Handling	395	(3)
kqueues for Socket Monitoring	398	(1)
kqueues for File System Monitoring	399	(3)
kqueues and Runloops	402	(5)
fsevents	407	(2)
Accessing the Keychain	409	(16)
Items and Attribute Lists	410	(2)
Searching for Items	412	(2)
Reading Data From an Item	414	(2)
Editing the Keychain	416	(1)
Getting Specific Keychains	416	(1)
Keychain Access	417	(2)
Making a New Keychain Item	419	(2)
Convenience Functions	421	(2)
Challenge	423	(2)
Authorization	425	(22)
The Security Framework API	426	(1)
Passing authorization to a SUID tool	427	(2)
Add Authentication to Remover	429	(14)
Wrapping NSFileManager	429	(2)
Preauthorizing	431	(3)
Creating the SUID tools	434	(9)
For the More Curious: AuthorizationExecuteWithPrivileges()	443	(2)
For the More Curious: Computing a Checksum	445	(1)
Real and effective UID	445	(2)
Distributed Objects	447	(16)
Distributed Objects Concepts	447	(2)
NSPort	448	(1)
Create a DO Server	449	(5)
Create a Client Using DO	454	(7)
For the more curious: NSPortCoder	461	(1)
Bindings and Distributed Objects	461	(2)
Bonjour	463	(8)
Publishing an NSNetService	463	(2)
Make chatterd Zeroconf-compliant	464	(1)
Browsing Net Services	465	(4)
Make ChatterClient browse for servers	466	(3)
For the More Curious: TXT Records	469	(1)
Challenge	470	(1)
Daemons and launchd	471	(18)
launchd Configuration	472	(5)
Starting Daemons	477	(1)
Well-known Directories	477	(1)
launchctl	477	(1)
Making Your Own Daemons	478	(3)
A Minimal Daemon	479	(1)
A Minimal Service	480	(1)
Talking to launchd	481	(8)
Accessing Configuration Information	482	(2)
A ``Proper'' Daemon	484	(5)
Directory Services	489	(20)
Directory Server Concepts	490	(1)
Open Directory Data Structures	491	(4)
tDirReference	491	(1)
tDataBuffer	491	(1)
tDataList	492	(1)
tDirNodeReference	492	(1)
tRecordEntry and tAttributeList	492	(2)
tAttributeValueList, tAttributeEntry, and tAttributeValueEntry	494	(1)
UserPictureBrowser	495	(5)
Authenticating	500	(5)
Editing Records	505	(2)
Challenge	507	(2)
Multithreading	509	(30)
Posix Threads	509	(19)
Creating threads	509	(4)
Synchronization	513	(1)
Mutexes	514	(2)
Deadlocks	516	(1)
Condition Variables	517	(11)
Cocoa and Threading	528	(7)
NSThread	528	(3)
Cocoa and thread safety	531	(1)
Objective-C @synchronized Blocks	531	(4)
For the More Curious: Thread Local Storage	535	(1)
For the More Curious: Read/Write Locks	536	(1)
Challenge	537	(2)
Using Distributed Objects Between Threads	539	(14)
``Each Server In Its Own Thread'' Design	539	(11)
Generate the Mandelbrot set	539	(9)
Add Zooming	548	(2)
performSelectorOnMainThread:	550	(1)
Challenge 1	551	(1)
Challenge 2	551	(2)
Subversion	553	(28)
Subversion Commands	554	(1)
Getting Started	555	(4)
Creating the Repository	555	(1)
Importing a Project	556	(1)
Multi-Project Repositories	556	(1)
Project Directory Layout	557	(1)
Performing the Import	558	(1)
Daily Workflow	559	(9)
svn commit	559	(1)
svn diff	560	(1)
svn add	561	(1)
svn rm	562	(1)
svn status	562	(1)
svn update	562	(1)
Updates and conflicts	563	(1)
svn annotate	564	(1)
svn log	565	(1)
Specifying Revisions	565	(3)
Tagging and Branching	568	(2)
Tagging	568	(1)
Repository URLS	569	(1)
Branching	569	(1)
Branching vs. Tagging	570	(1)
Properties	570	(3)
System Administration Issues	573	(2)
.svn Directories	573	(1)
Making Backups	573	(1)
Remote Repositories	573	(1)
Apache	574	(1)
svnserv	574	(1)
svn+ssh	574	(1)
Mac OS X Weirdness	575	(4)
Bundled Files	575	(1)
Xcode	575	(3)
Conflicts with Projects and Nib Files	578	(1)
Subversion Locking	578	(1)
.svn Directory in Built Applications with Xcode 1.5 and Earlier	579	(1)
Summary	579	(2)
Performance Tuning	581	(40)
End to Free Performance is Nigh!	581	(1)
Approaches To Performance	582	(1)
Major Causes of Performance Problems	582	(7)
Memory	583	(1)
Locality of Reference	583	(2)
Caches	585	(1)
Memory is the New I/O	586	(1)
CPU	587	(1)
Disk	587	(1)
Graphics	588	(1)
Before using any of the profiling tools	589	(1)
Command-Line Tools	589	(5)
time	590	(1)
ktrace	590	(1)
fs_usage and sc_usage	591	(2)
top	593	(1)
Stochastic profiling	593	(1)
sample	593	(1)
Precise Timing with mach_absolute_time()	594	(2)
GUI Tools	596	(3)
ObjectAlloc	596	(2)
Sampler	598	(1)
CHUD	599	(19)
Shark	599	(1)
Starting With Shark	599	(1)
Interpreting Results	600	(2)
Getting Heavy	602	(2)
Branching Out	604	(2)
Looking At Source Code	606	(2)
Charts	608	(3)
Data Mining	611	(3)
Saturn	614	(4)
Using the CHUD Frameworks	618	(1)
Summary	618	(3)
Index	621