America and Its Peoples A Mosaic in the Making, Volume 1, Study Edition

by Martin, James Kirby; Roberts, Randy J.; Mintz, Steven; McMurry, Linda O.; Jones, James H.

• ISBN13: 9780321419965
• ISBN10: 0321419960
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-01-11
• Publisher: Pearson

Summary

Who doesn't want better grades? Longman's Study Edition of America and Its Peoples, A Mosaic in the Making, Fifth Edition, offers a study and review system that helps you examine the development of the American nation and American society, save time studying, and perform better on exams. Book jacket.

Table of Contents

Maps	p. xvii
Tables and Figures	p. xix
Features	p. xxi
Preface	p. xxiii
About the Authors	p. xxxi
The Peopling and Unpeopling of America	p. 2
Squanto Saves the Pilgrims	p. 3
The First Discovery of America	p. 5
A Diversity of Cultures
The Myth of the "Virgin" Land
Eastern Indians on the Eve of Contact
Preparing Europe for Westward Expansion	p. 9
Changing Population Pressures
Crusades, Commerce, and the New Learning
Nation-States Support the First Explorations
Explorers, Conquerors, and the Making of New Spain	p. 14
Conquistadores Overrun Native Americans
Constructing the Spanish Empire
Success Breeds Envy and Contempt
Challengers for North America: France and England	p. 18
The Protestant Reformation Stirs Deep Tensions
Defying the Supremacy of Spain
England Prepares for Westward Expansion
Joining in the Invasion of America	p. 22
The Roanoke Disaster
Merchant Capitalists Sponsor the Founding of Virginia
Struggling Jamestown Survives
Dutch and French Adventurers
Conclusion	p. 27
Chronology of Key Events	p. 28
Chapter Summary and Key Points	p. 29
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 29
Media Resources	p. 30
Key Terms	p. 30
People You Should Know	p. 30
Review Questions	p. 30
The American Mosaic: Indian Scalping and European War Dogs	p. 12
The People Speak: Powhatan Pleads for Peace and Harmony (1609)	p. 27
Plantations and Cities Upon a Hill, 1620-1700	p. 32
John Punch: From Servant to Slave	p. 33
From Settlements to Societies in the South	p. 34
Searching for Laborers
To Be Like English Subjects at Home
Crushing Powhatan's Confederacy
A Model for Other Royal Colonies
Proprietary Maryland and the Carolinas
Religious Dissenters Colonize New England	p. 39
The Rise of Puritan Dissenters at Home
Godly Mission to New England
Testing the Limits of Toleration
"Hivings Out" Provoke Bloody Indian Relations
Families, Individuals, and Communities: Surviving in Early America	p. 46
Life and Death, North and South
Roles for Men, Women, and Children
Commercial Values and the Rise of Chattel Slavery	p. 49
Declension in New England
Stabilizing Life in the Chesapeake Region
The Beginnings of American Slavery
Shifting to Slavery in Maryland and Virginia
The World the Slaves Made
Conclusion	p. 56
Chronology of Key Events	p. 58
Chapter Summary and Key Points	p. 57
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 57
Media Resources	p. 58
Key Terms	p. 59
People You Should Know	p. 59
Review Questions	p. 59
The American Mosaic: Childbirth in Early America	p. 50
The People Speak: John Winthrop "A Model of Christian Charity"	p. 42
Provincial America in Upheaval, 1660-1760	p. 60
Hannah Dustan and Eliza Lucas: Colonial Women in Time of War	p. 61
Designing England's North American Empire	p. 63
To Benefit the Parent Nation
Seizing Dutch New Netherland
Proprietary Difficulties in New York and New Jersey
Planting William Penn's "Holy Experiment"
Defying the Imperial Will: Provincial Convulsions and Rebellions	p. 68
Bacon's Bloody Rebellion in Virginia
The Glorious Revolution Spills into America
New England's Witchcraft Hysteria
Settling Anglo-American Differences
Maturing Colonial Societies in Unsettled Times	p. 73
An Exploding Population Base
The "Europeanizing" of America
Intellectual and Religious Awakening
International Wars Beset America
Showdown: The Great War for the Empire
Allies as Enemies: Making War on the Cherokees
Conclusion	p. 89
Chronology of Key Events	p. 89
Chapter Summary and Key Points	p. 90
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 90
Media Resources	p. 91
Key Terms	p. 91
People You Should Know	p. 91
Review Questions	p. 91
The American Mosaic: Colonial Pastimes	p. 80
The People Speak: Olaudah Equiano on His Ship Passage as a Slave to America	p. 76
Breaking the Bonds of Empire, 1760-1775	p. 92
Samuel Adams: The Man of the Revolution	p. 93
Provoking an Imperial Crisis	p. 95
A Legacy of War-Related Problems
Getting Tough with the Americans
Parliament Endorses Direct Taxes
"Liberty, Property, and No Stamps"	p. 99
Emerging Patterns of Resistance
Protest Takes a Violent Turn
Resistance Spreads Across the Landscape
Parliament Retreats
A Second Crisis: The Townshend Duties	p. 105
Formulating a New Taxation Scheme
Mustering Further American Resistance
A "Bloody Massacre" in Boston
Parliament Backs Down Again
The Rupturing of Imperial Relations	p. 111
The Necessity of Vigilance
The Tea Crisis of 1773
Parliament Adopts the Coercive Acts
Hurling Back the Challenge: The First Continental Congress
Conclusion	p. 116
Chronology of Key Events	p. 117
Chapter Summary and Key Points	p. 118
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 118
Media Resources	p. 118
Key Terms	p. 119
People You Should Know	p. 119
Review Questions	p. 119
The American Mosaic: Those Hated Customs Informers	p. 108
The People Speak: The Loyal Nine Plan a Stamp Act Protest	p. 104
The Times That Tried Many Souls, 1775-1783	p. 120
Joseph Plumb Martin: Patriot Soldier	p. 121
Reconciliation or Independence	p. 123
The Shooting War Starts
Moderates Versus Radicals in Congress
The Expanding Martial Conflict
Lord Dunmore's Proclamation of Emancipation
Resolving the Independence Question
Without Visible Allies: The War in the North	p. 133
Britain's Massive Military Buildup
The Campaign for New York
Saving the Cause at Trenton
The Real Continentals
Resuing the Patriots: Toward Global Conflict	p. 139
France Offers Covert Assistance
The British Seize Philadelphia
Capturing Burgoyne's Army at Saratoga
The World Turned Upside Down	p. 142
Revamping British Strategy
The Tide of War Turns at Last
Franco-American Triumph at Yorktown
A Most Generous Peace Settlement
Conclusion	p. 147
Chronology of Key Events	p. 147
Chapter Summary and Key Points	p. 147
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 148
Media Resources	p. 149
Key Terms	p. 149
People You Should Know	p. 149
Review Questions	p. 149
The American Mosaic: The Battle of Bunker Hill	p. 128
The People Speak: Thomas Paine's American Crisis I (December 1776)	p. 138
Map Essay: The Shot Heard 'Round the World	p. 126
Securing the Republic and Its Ideals, 1776-1789	p. 150
Nancy Shippen and Phillis Wheatley: Second-Class Citizens of The New Republic	p. 151
Establishing New Republican Governments	p. 153
People Victorious: The New State Governments
The Articles of Confederation
Crises of the Confederation	p. 156
Struggle to Ratify the Articles
Turmoil over Financing the War
Threatened Military Coup: The Newburgh Conspiracy
Drifting Toward Disunion
Daniel Shays's Rebellion
Human Rights and Social Change	p. 162
In Pursuit of Religious Freedom
The Propertyless Poor and the West
Women Appeal for Fundamental Liberties
The Dilemma of Race and Racism
Second New Beginning, New National Government	p. 171
The Framers of the Constitution
A Document Constructed by Compromises
The Ratification Struggle
Conclusion	p. 176
Chronology of Key Events	p. 176
Chapter Summary and Key Points	p. 177
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 177
Media Resources	p. 178
Key Terms	p. 178
People You Should Know	p. 178
Review Questions	p. 178
The American Mosaic: Birth Control in the Early Republic	p. 168
The People Speak: Abigail Adams Exhorts Her Husband to "Remember the Ladies" (1776)	p. 165
The Formative Decade, 1790-1800	p. 180
James Callender and The Power of The Press	p. 181
The Roots of American Economic Growth	p. 182
Implementing the Constitution	p. 183
Establishing the Machinery of Government
Defining the Presidency
Alexander Hamilton's Financial Program
The Birth of Political Parties	p. 186
World Events and Political Polarization
1793 and 1794: Years of Crisis
Washington Retires
A New President and New Challenges	p. 193
The Presidency of John Adams
A New National Capital
The Quasi War with France
The Alien and Sedition Acts
The Revolution of 1800	p. 196
Conclusion	p. 198
Chronology of Key Events	p. 199
Chapter Summary and Key Points	p. 198
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 199
Media Resources	p. 200
Key Terms	p. 200
People You Should Know	p. 200
Review Questions	p. 201
The American Mosaic: Yellow Fever in Philadelphia: Pills and Politics	p. 190
The People Speak: Gabriel's Revolt	p. 196
The Jeffersonians in Power, 1800-1815	p. 202
The Burr-Hamilton Duel	p. 203
Jefferson Takes Command	p. 204
Who Was Thomas Jefferson?
Jefferson's Goal: To Restore Republican Government
Reforming the Federal Government
War on the Judiciary
International Conflict
Disunionist Conspiracies
The American Eagle Challenges the French Tiger and the British Shark	p. 212
"Dambargo"
A Second War of Independence
Early Defeats
The Tide Turns
The War's Significance
Conclusion	p. 220
Chronology of Key Events	p. 220
Chapter Summary and Key Points	p. 221
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 221
Media Resources	p. 221
Key Terms	p. 222
People You Should Know	p. 222
Review Questions	p. 222
The American Mosaic: The Shawnee Prophet Tenskwatawa and His Warrior Brother Tecumseh	p. 216
The People Speak: Religion in the Early Republic	p. 206
Nationalism, Economic Growth, and the Roots of Sectional Conflict, 1815-1824	p. 224
Francis Lowell Builds a Textile Mill in Massachusetts	p. 225
The Growth of American Nationalism	p. 226
Neo-Hamiltonianism
Strengthening American Finances
Protecting American Industry
Conquering Space
Judicial Nationalism
Defending American Interests in Foreign Affairs
The Growth of the American Economy	p. 233
Accelerating Transportation
Speeding Communications
Transforming American Law
Resistance to Technological Innovation
Early Industrialization
The Growth of Cities
The Growth of Political Factionalism and Sectionalism	p. 238
The Panic of 1819
The Missouri Crisis
Conclusion	p. 243
Chronology of Key Events	p. 243
Chapter Summary and Key Points	p. 244
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 244
Media Resources	p. 244
Key Terms	p. 244
People You Should Know	p. 245
Review Questions	p. 245
The American Mosaic: Denmark Vesey and the Slave Conspiracy of 1822	p. 240
The People Speak: Growing Up Female in the Early Republic	p. 227
Power and Politics in Jackson's America	p. 246
The Election of 1840: Symbol Over Substance	p. 247
Political Democratization	p. 248
The Expansion of Voting Rights
Popular Attacks on Privilege
The Rebirth of Parties	p. 251
Birth of the Second Party System
The Presidency of John Quincy Adams
The "American System" and the "Tariff of Abominations"
The Election of 1828
Andrew Jackson: The Politics of Egalitarianism	p. 257
Expanding the Powers of the Presidency
Clearing the Land of Indians
Sectional Disputes over Public Lands and Nullification
The Bank War
The Jacksonian Court
Jackson's Legacy
Rise of a Political Opposition	p. 266
A Party Formed by Coalition
Who Were the Whigs?
Conclusion	p. 267
Chronology of Key Events	p. 268
Chapter Summary and Key Points	p. 267
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 268
Media Resources	p. 269
Key Terms	p. 269
People You Should Know	p. 269
Review Questions	p. 269
The American Mosaic: The Cholera Epidemic of 1832: Sinners and Saints	p. 252
The People Speak: The Trail of Tears	p. 260
America's First Age of Reform	p. 270
Connecticut Schoolmistress Prudence Crandall Defies The Law	p. 271
Sources of the Reform Impulse	p. 272
Social Problems on the Rise
A New Moral Sensibility
The Second Great Awakening
Religious Diversity
Moral Reform	p. 275
Social Reform	p. 276
The Problem of Crime in a Free Society
The Struggle for Public Schools
Asylums for Society's Outcasts
Radical Reform	p. 279
Early Antislavery Efforts
The Rise of Abolitionist Sentiment in the North
Abolitionist Arguments and Public Reaction
Division Within the Antislavery Movement
The Birth of Feminism
Catalyst for Women's Rights
Utopian Communities
Artistic and Cultural Ferment	p. 287
American Transcendentalism
A Literary Renaissance
Ethnic Voices
American Art
American Popular Culture	p. 294
The Popular Novel
Forms of Popular Entertainment
Conclusion	p. 300
Chronology of Key Events	p. 301
Chapter Summary and Key Points	p. 300
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 302
Media Resources	p. 302
Key Terms	p. 302
People You Should Know	p. 302
Review Questions	p. 303
The American Mosaic: Gouging Fights and Backcountry Honor	p. 296
The People Speak: The Struggle for Women's Rights	p. 285
The Divided North, The Divided South	p. 304
Eli Whitney's Cotton Gin Revitalizes Slavery	p. 305
A Divided Culture	p. 306
The Emergence of a New Industrial Order in the North	p. 307
The Transformation of the Rural Countryside
The Disruption of the Artisan System of Labor
The Introduction of the Factory System
Labor Protests
The Movement for a 10-Hour Day
The Laboring Poor
Immigration Begins
The Divided North
Southern Distinctiveness	p. 318
The Plantation Legend
The Old South: Images and Realities
Impact of Slavery on the Southern Economy
Growth of a Distinctive Southern Identity
The Decline of Antislavery Sentiment in the South
"Reforming" Slavery from Within
Southern Nationalism
Southern Radicalism
Slavery	p. 324
The Legal Status of Slaves
Slave Labor
Material Conditions of Slave Life
Slave Family Life
Slave Cultural Expression
Slave Resistance
Free African Americans
Conclusion	p. 330
Chronology of Key Events	p. 331
Chapter Summary and Key Points	p. 331
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 332
Media Resources	p. 332
Key Terms	p. 333
People You Should Know	p. 333
Review Questions	p. 333
The American Mosaic: Policing the Pre-Civil War City	p. 316
The People Speak: The Irish Potato Famine	p. 313
Cultures Collide in the Far West	p. 334
Social Bandits: Robin Hoods of The Southwest	p. 335
The Hispanic and Native American West	p. 336
Spanish America
The Mission System
Impact of Mexican Independence
Native Americans
Impact of Contact
The Surge Westward	p. 338
Opening the West
Pathfinders
Mountain Men
Trailblazing
Settling the Far West
Life on the Trail
Manifest Destiny	p. 342
Gone to Texas
The Texas Question
Webster-Ashburton Treaty
Oregon
The Mormon Frontier
War with Mexico	p. 350
Why War?
The War
War Fever and Antiwar Protests
Peace
The Fate of Mexican Americans
The War's Significance
Political Crisis of the 1840s
The Gold Rush
Conclusion	p. 358
Chronology of Key Events	p. 357
Chapter Summary and Key Points	p. 358
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 358
Media Resources	p. 358
Key Terms	p. 359
People You Should Know	p. 359
Review Questions	p. 359
The American Mosaic: Tejanos at the Alamo	p. 346
The People Speak: A San Francisco Merchant Protests Discrimination Against the Chinese	p. 356
The House Divided	p. 360
John Smith Dye and The Slave Power Conspiracy	p. 361
The Crisis of 1850	p. 363
The South's Dilemma
The Compromise of 1850: The Illusion of Sectional Peace
The Fugitive Slave Law
Disintegration of the Party System	p. 370
The Know Nothings
Young America
The Kansas-Nebraska Act
Revival of the Slavery Issue
The Gathering Storm	p. 374
"Bleeding Kansas" and "Bleeding Sumner"
The Election of 1856
The Supreme Court Speaks
The Lecompton Compromise: "A Swindle and a Fraud"
Crisis of the Union	p. 379
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates
Harpers Ferry
Conclusion	p. 383
Chronology of Key Events	p. 383
Chapter Summary and Key Points	p. 383
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 384
Media Resources	p. 384
Key Terms	p. 384
People You Should Know	p. 385
Review Questions	p. 385
The American Mosaic: Physicians and Planters, Prescription for Slave Medical Care	p. 366
The People Speak: John Brown Defends His Raid on Harpers Ferry	p. 382
A Nation Shattered by Civil War, 1860-1865	p. 386
Thomas Rushin and Alvin Flint, Jr.: "Johnny Reb" and "Billy Yank" at Antietam	p. 387
From Secession to Full-Scale War	p. 388
Electing a New President
Secession Rends the Union
Lincoln Takes Command
An Accounting of Resources
"Forward to Richmond!" and "On to Washington"	p. 395
Planning the Union Offensive
Yankee Reverses and Rebel Victories in the East
Federal Breakthrough in the West
To and From Emancipation: The War on the Home Front	p. 400
An Abundance of Confederate Shortages
Directing the Northern War Effort
Issuing the Emancipation Proclamation
Emancipation Tests Northern Resolve
Breaking Confederate Resistance, 1863-1865	p. 409
The Tide Turns: Gettysburg and Vicksburg
Crushing Blows from Grant and Sherman
Total War Forces Surrender
Conclusion	p. 417
Chronology of Key Events	p. 416
Chapter Summary and Key Points	p. 417
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 418
Media Resources	p. 418
Key Terms	p. 419
People You Should Know	p. 419
Review Questions	p. 419
The American Mosaic: Pickett's Charge at Gettysburg	p. 410
The People Speak: A Request for Equal Pay for Equal Work	p. 408
Map Essay: Antietam: "We Will Make Our Stand"	p. 400
The Nation Reconstructed: North, South, and the West, 1865-1877	p. 420
Thomas Pinckney Confronts His Former Slaves	p. 421
Postwar Conditions and Issues	p. 423
The War's Impact on Individuals
Unresolved Issues
Presidential Reconstruction	p. 427
Lincoln's Plan
Johnson's Plan
Black Codes in the South
Congressional Reconstruction	p. 429
"Radical" Reconstruction
Black Suffrage
Reconstruction in the South	p. 434
Carpetbaggers, Scalawags, and Black Republicans
Character of Republican Rule
Black and White Economic and Social Adaptation
Violent White Resistance
Reconstruction in the North and West	p. 441
Northern Shifts in Attitudes
Western Expansion, Racism, and Native Americans
Final Retreat from Reconstruction
Conclusion	p. 448
Chronology of Key Events	p. 448
Chapter Summary and Key Points	p. 449
Suggestions for Further Reading	p. 449
Media Resources	p. 450
Key Terms	p. 451
People You Should Know	p. 451
Review Questions	p. 451
The American Mosaic: Day of Jubilo: Slaves Confront Emancipation	p. 424
The People Speak: Testimony Against the Klan	p. 440
Appendix
The Declaration of Independence	p. 2
The Constitution of the United States of America	p. 4
Amendments to the Constitution	p. 9
Presidential Elections	p. 14
Present Day United States	p. 18
Present Day World	p. 20
Glossary	p. 1
Credits	p. 1
Index	p. 1
Expanded Chapter Review and Practice Tests	p. 1
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