The American Constitutional Order: Introduction to the History Nature of American Constitutional Law

by Kmiec, Douglas W.; Presser, Stephen B.

• ISBN13: 9780870840036
• ISBN10: 0870840037
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1999-01-01
• Publisher: Lexis Nexis Matthew Bender

Table of Contents

Table of Contents	xv
Introduction	xxxiii
Acknowledgments	xxxvii
The Declaration of Independence	xxxix
The Constitution of the United States	xliii
Supreme Court Justices	lxi
The Philosophical and Natural Law Basis of the American Order: Remote and Immediate Ancestors	1	(120)
The Continuing Search for Universal Truths that Advance Human Good: Jerusalem, Athens, Rome, and Bethlehem	1	(25)
Jerusalem	2	(4)
Athens	6	(5)
Rome	11	(6)
Bethlehem	17	(9)
The Late Middle Ages	26	(15)
Bracton	27	(8)
Sir Edward Coke and James I	35	(6)
The First English Revolution	41	(28)
James I on Monarchy	44	(1)
The Five Knights' Case (K.B. 1627)	45	(3)
Petition of right (1628)	48	(3)
The King's Answer to the Nineteen Propositions (June 18, 1642)	51	(2)
The Events Leading up to Civil War and Charles I's Trial	53	(16)
The Interregnum, the Restoration and the ``Glorious Revolution''	69	(52)
Milton and Hobbes	69	(20)
The Glorious Revolution and John Locke	89	(32)
The Declaration and Its Constitution---Linking First Principle to Necessary Means	121	(212)
The Constitution---Means or End?	121	(1)
The Common Law and the Natural Law	122	(6)
The Declaration of Independence---A Summary of American Fundamental Principle	128	(44)
The Declaration and the Formation of the Constitution	130	(5)
The Written Constitution---A Substitute For the Declaration?	135	(12)
The Bill of Rights Introduced: Unenumerated Natural Law Rights Preserved	147	(5)
Natural Law in the Early Supreme Court	152	(11)
The Declaration, Natural Law, and the Modern Court	163	(8)
The Special Significance of Preferred Religious Freedom	171	(1)
The Public Affirmation of God and the Importance of Religion	172	(18)
Pre-Founding; Colonial America	172	(1)
At the Founding	173	(12)
Early Establishment Clause Interpretation---America as a ``Religious People'' Assumed	185	(4)
Incorporation of the Religion Clauses Against the States	189	(1)
Public Neutrality Toward God and Religion	190	(85)
Modern Judicial Application of the No Establishment Principle	191	(50)
The Special Context of the Private, Religious School	241	(16)
School Prayer	257	(18)
The Free Exercise Clause---Government May Not Prohibit Religious Expression	275	(58)
Distinguishing Between Religious Belief and Religious Practice	275	(18)
Judicial Inquiry Into the Sincerity, But Not the Validity, of Religious Belief	293	(4)
More Than Theism, But How Much More?	297	(8)
Prohibitions or Burdens?	305	(10)
No Religious Exemption from Neutral, Generally Applicable Laws	315	(18)
A Structurally-Divided, But Workable, Government	333	(168)
Historical Antecedents	333	(10)
Dividing Governmental Power	333	(6)
Checks and Balances---Public Good From Individual Interest	339	(4)
The Separation of Powers---In Constitutional Practice	343	(158)
The Judicial Power	343	(31)
The Legislative Power	374	(19)
The Executive Power	393	(108)
A Limited Government of Enumerated Power	501	(142)
Limitations on Federal Power	501	(105)
Enumerated Powers of the Federal Government	501	(5)
Implied Powers of the Federal Government	506	(24)
The Commerce Clause	530	(51)
If Legislative Commerce Power Were Not Enough---Is There Also a Judicial or ``Dormant'' Commerce Power?	581	(25)
State Law and Federal Elections---The Question of Term Limits	606	(37)
A Government Mindful of Dual Sovereignty	643	(116)
The Rise and Fall of Traditional State Functions	643	(28)
No Commandeering Allowed---The States Are Not Sub-Agencies of the Federal Government	671	(17)
In Light of the ``Spending'' Power, Does the Restriction on the Commerce Clause Matter?	688	(7)
Dual Sovereignty in Court---Herein Eleventh Amendment Sovereign Immunity	695	(27)
Individual Rights Limitations on the Power of the States	722	(37)
A Fair Government	759	(188)
The Substantive Protection of Vested Rights	759	(1)
The Protection of Contract Against State Impairment	759	(41)
The Precipitating Hardship	759	(1)
Debate in Convention	760	(2)
Post-Convention Justification	762	(3)
Judicial Application	765	(35)
The Protection of Property	800	(57)
Historical and Philosophical Justification	800	(9)
Regulatory Takings and the Supreme Court	809	(42)
And the Remedy Is?	851	(6)
Procedural Due Process	857	(1)
What Constitutes State Action?	857	(46)
What Constitutes ``Life, Liberty or Property''?	903	(8)
What Process Is Due?	911	(36)
A Government Commitment to Freedom	947	(194)
First Amendment Speech	947	(132)
Prior Restraint and Criticism of the Government	947	(14)
What Constitutes a ``Public Forum''?	961	(8)
The Impermissibility of Content and Viewpoint Discrimination by the Government	969	(2)
Qualified Speech Protection	971	(24)
Do Actions Speak as Loud as Words?---Expressive Conduct and the First Amendment	995	(46)
Special Contexts	1041	(38)
Economic Liberty	1079	(62)
Privileges and Immunities	1079	(11)
Privileges or Immunities	1090	(27)
Substantive Economic Due Process	1117	(24)
A Government Commitment to Equality	1141	(244)
Race	1143	(145)
Slavery	1143	(44)
Civil Rights and Non-Discrimination	1187	(15)
Vestiges of Discrimination---The Difficulty of Past Racial Effect	1202	(16)
Proving Discriminatory Intent	1218	(14)
Civil Right or Preference?	1232	(56)
Numerical Equality---One Person/One Vote	1288	(27)
Gender	1315	(41)
Sexual Orientation	1356	(29)
A Government of Imperfect Knowledge---of Inkblots, Liberty and Life Itself	1385	(146)
Natural Law Echoes---Parental and Family rights	1390	(36)
Directing the Upbringing of Children	1390	(8)
Family-Related Rights Beyond Parenting	1398	(28)
The Ninth Amendment---A Right of Privacy?	1426	(105)
Contraception	1426	(21)
Abortion	1447	(55)
Assisted Suicide	1502	(29)
Table of Cases	1531	(12)
Table of Articles Cited	1543	(8)
Index	1551