American Ethnicity: The Dynamics and Consequences of Discrimination

by Aguirre, Adalberto; Turner, Jonathan H.

• ISBN13: 9780078111587
• ISBN10: 0078111587
• Edition: 7th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2010-11-23
• Publisher: McGraw Hill

Summary

American Ethnicity is a brief text that provides an accessible introduction to the dynamics of racial and ethnic relations. Key concepts and theories are summarized, and the authors develop a simple theoretical framework that guides the presentation of data on each of the prominent ethnic groups in America. As a result, this book examines each ethnic group from the same perspective, allowing students to compare the dynamics of discrimination against African Americans, Native Americans, Asian and Pacific Island Americans, white ethnic Americans, and Latinos. The seventh edition offers expanded theoretical framework through the inclusion of the Social Identity Theory.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xv
Ethnicity and Ethnic Relations	p. 1
Race and Ethnicity	p. 2
Ethnic Groups	p. 4
Minority Groups	p. 6
Ethnic Discrimination	p. 6
Types of Discrimination	p. 7
The Institutionalization of Discrimination	p. 10
Ethnic Stratification	p. 13
Ethnic Prejudice	p. 22
Adaptations to Prejudice and Discrimination	p. 24
Passive Acceptance	p. 25
Marginal Participation	p. 25
Assimilation	p. 25
Withdrawal and Self-Segregation	p. 26
Rebellion and Revolt	p. 27
Organized Protest	p. 27
Ethnogenesis	p. 27
Summary	p. 28
Points of Debate	p. 30
Key Terms	p. 31
Explaining Ethnic Relations	p. 32
Theories of Ethnic Relations	p. 33
Assimilation Theories	p. 33
Pluralism Theories	p. 35
Biological Theories	p. 36
Psychological Theories	p. 37
Human Ecology Theories	p. 38
Power and Stratification Theories	p. 39
A Unified Theory of Ethnic Relations	p. 44
Summary	p. 58
Points of Debate	p. 59
Key Terms	p. 60
The Anglo-Saxon Core and Ethnic Antagonism	p. 61
Early Colonization of America	p. 61
The Anglo-Saxons	p. 61
The Early Colonists	p. 62
The Cultural and Institutional Legacy of Early Colonization	p. 63
The Core Culture	p. 63
The Core Institutional Structures	p. 64
Anglo-Saxon Hegemony and the Dynamics of Ethnicity	p. 66
The Domination of the Anglo-Saxon Core	p. 66
The Anglo-Saxon Core and the Dynamics of Discrimination	p. 68
Summary	p. 74
Points of Debate	p. 75
Key Terms	p. 76
White Ethnic Americans	p. 77
Resource Shares of White Ethnics	p. 80
Irish Americans	p. 82
Identifiability of Irish Americans	p. 82
Negative Beliefs about Irish Americans	p. 82
The Dynamics of Discrimination against Irish Americans	p. 83
Stratification of Irish Americans	p. 85
Italian Americans	p. 86
Identifiability of Italian Americans	p. 87
Negative Beliefs about Italian Americans	p. 88
The Dynamics of Discrimination against Italian Americans	p. 88
Stratification of Italian Americans	p. 90
Jewish Americans	p. 91
Identifiability of Jewish Americans	p. 92
Negative Beliefs about Jewish Americans	p. 93
The Dynamics of Discrimination against Jewish Americans	p. 94
Stratification of Jewish Americans	p. 96
Summary	p. 97
Points of Debate	p. 99
Key Terms/Key Legislation	p. 100
African Americans	p. 101
Resource Shares of African Americans	p. 101
The Impoverishment of African Americans	p. 101
The Income of African Americans	p. 102
The Occupational Distribution of African Americans	p. 104
Educational Attainment of African Americans	p. 106
Housing of African Afnericans	p. 107
Life Span of African Americans	p. 108
The Dynamics of Discrimination against African Americans	p. 109
Identifiability of African Americans	p. 109
Negative Beliefs about African Americans	p. 110
Institutionalized Discrimination against African Americans	p. 115
Stratification of African Americans	p. 137
Affluent and Poor African Americans: The Widening Gap	p. 137
The African American Underclass: Myth or Reality?	p. 137
Threats and Hostility toward African Americans	p. 138
Responding to Discrimination	p. 139
Protest during Slavery	p. 139
Protest after Slavery	p. 139
The Last Sixty Years	p. 142
The New African Americans	p. 143
Summary	p. 147
Points of Debate	p. 148
Key Terms/Key Legislation	p. 149
Native Americans	p. 150
On the Verge of Extinction	p. 150
Resource Shares of Native Americans	p. 155
Income of Native Americans	p. 155
Occupational Distribution of Native Americans	p. 157
Educational Attainment of Native Americans	p. 157
Life Span of Native Americans	p. 159
Housing of Native Americans	p. 159
Poverty of Native Americans	p. 161
The Dynamics of Discrimination against Native Americans	p. 162
Identifiability of Native Americans	p. 162
Negative Beliefs about Native Americans	p. 163
Institutionalized Discrimination against Native Americans	p. 168
Stratification of Native Americans	p. 180
Responding to Discrimination	p. 180
War as a Nonviable Response	p. 180
Retreatism as Another Nonviable Response	p. 182
Pan-Indianism and Ethnogenesis	p. 183
The Economic Battle	p. 184
Summary	p. 185
Points of Debate	p. 186
Key Terms/Key Legislation	p. 187
Latinos	p. 188
Resource Shares of Latinos	p. 190
Poverty Levels of Latinos	p. 190
Income of Latinos	p. 193
Occupational Distribution of Latinos	p. 195
Educational Attainment of Latinos	p. 195
Life Span of Latinos	p. 198
Housing of Latinos	p. 198
Mexican Americans	p. 201
Identifiability of Chicanos	p. 201
The History of Mexican Americans: Conquest, Displacement, and Exploitation	p. 203
Negative Beliefs about Chicanos	p. 205
The Dynamics of Discrimination against Mexican Americans	p. 206
Stratification of the Mexican-Origin Population	p. 214
Puerto Ricans	p. 214
Identifiability of Puerto Ricans	p. 215
Negative Beliefs about Puerto Ricans	p. 216
The Dynamics of Discrimination against Puerto Ricans	p. 216
Stratification of Puerto Ricans	p. 219
Cuban Americans	p. 219
Negative Beliefs about Cuban Americans	p. 220
The Dynamics of Discrimination against Cuban Americans	p. 221
Stratification of Cuban Americans	p. 223
Summary	p. 224
Points of Debate	p. 226
Key Terms/Key Legislation	p. 227
Asian and Pacific Island Americans	p. 228
Asian Americans	p. 229
Resource Shares of Asian Americans	p. 230
The Dynamics of Discrimination against Asian Americans	p. 240
Stratification of Asian Americans	p. 258
Responding to Discrimination	p. 262
The Precarious Situation for Asian Americans	p. 264
Pacific Islanders: A Short Exploratory Note	p. 265
Resource Shares of Pacific Islanders	p. 268
Identifiability of Pacific Islanders	p. 270
Negative Beliefs about Pacific Islanders	p. 271
Institutionalized Discrimination against Pacific Islanders	p. 271
Stratification of Pacific Islanders	p. 271
Summary	p. 272
Points of Debate	p. 273
Key Terms/Key Legislation	p. 274
Arab Americans	p. 275
Who Are Arab Americans?	p. 276
A Profile of Arab Americans	p. 276
A Short History of Arab American Immigration	p. 281
Resource Shares of Arab Americans	p. 284
Incomes of Arab Americans	p. 284
Poverty among Arab Americans	p. 284
Labor Force Participation among Arab Americans	p. 285
Educational Attainment of Arab Americans	p. 286
The Dynamics of Discrimination against Arab Americans	p. 287
Identifiability of Arab Americans	p. 287
Negative Beliefs about Arab Americans	p. 287
Institutionalized Discrimination against Arab Americans	p. 292
Responding to Discrimination: Ethnogenesis	p. 300
Summary	p. 301
Points of Debate	p. 302
Key Terms/Key Legislation	p. 303
The Future of Ethnicity in America	p. 304
The New Immigrants	p. 304
Changing Patterns of Irnrnigration	p. 304
Immigration, Birth Rates, and Changing Composition of Ethnic Populations	p. 310
Reasons for the Shift in Immigration Patterns	p. 311
Settlement Patterns of the New Immigrants	p. 313
Other Characteristics of the New Immigrants	p. 315
The Immigration Dilemma	p. 318
The Future Dynamic of Discrimination	p. 321
Latinos and the American Future	p. 322
Asian Americans in the Future	p. 323
African Americans in the Future	p. 324
New Patterns of Ethnic Mixing	p. 325
The Problematic Nature of a Multicultural America	p. 326
Conclusion: The Ongoing Struggle for Social Justice in U.S. Society	p. 328
Points of Debate	p. 334
Key Terms/Key Legislation	p. 335
Glossary	p. 337
References	p. 353
Photo Credits	p. 383
Index	p. 385
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