Analog and Digital Signal Processing

by Ambardar, Ashok

• ISBN13: 9780534954093
• ISBN10: 053495409X
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1999-02-12
• Publisher: Cengage Learning

Summary

Ambardar's proven text teaches the basic principles and applications of signals, systems, transforms and filters, using both a visual and mathematical approach. This book helps readers develop a thorough understanding of time-domain and frequency-domain relationships, encouraging them to think clearly in both domains and switch easily from one to the other. Bound into each text is a disk with a set of powerful software routines running under MATLAB? that can be used for reinforcing and visualizing concepts as well as for problem solving and advanced design. The extensively revised and reorganized Second Edition incorporates new practical applications and design-oriented examples in every chapter.

Table of Contents

LIST OF TABLES	xi	(2)
PREFACE	xiii	(2)
FROM THE PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION	xv
1 OVERVIEW	1	(7)
1.0 Introduction	1	(1)
1.1 Signals	1	(2)
1.2 Systems	3	(1)
1.3 The Frequency Domain	4	(3)
1.4 From Concept to Application	7	(1)
2 ANALOG SIGNALS	8	(31)
2.0 Scope and Objectives	8	(1)
2.1 Signals	8	(4)
2.2 Operations on Signals	12	(2)
2.3 Signal Symmetry	14	(2)
2.4 Harmonic Signals and Sinusoids	16	(2)
2.5 Commonly Encountered Signals	18	(3)
2.6 The Impulse Function	21	(5)
2.7 The Doublet	26	(2)
2.8 Moments	28	(2)
Problems	30	(9)
3 DISCRETE SIGNALS	39	(29)
3.0 Scope and Objectives	39	(1)
3.1 Discrete Signals	39	(2)
3.2 Operations on Discrete Signals	41	(3)
3.3 Decimation and Interpolation	44	(3)
3.4 Common Discrete Signals	47	(2)
3.5 Discrete-Time Harmonics and Sinusoids	49	(3)
3.6 Aliasing and the Sampling Theorem	52	(3)
3.7 Random Signals	55	(4)
Problems	59	(9)
4 ANALOG SYSTEMS	68	(28)
4.0 Scope and Objectives	68	(1)
4.1 Introduction	68	(2)
4.2 System Classification	70	(6)
4.3 Analysis of LTI Systems	76	(1)
4.4 LTI Systems Described by Differential Equations	76	(5)
4.5 The Impulse Response of LTI Systems	81	(4)
4.6 System Stability	85	(1)
4.7 Application-Oriented Examples	86	(3)
Problems	89	(7)
5 DISCRETE-TIME SYSTEMS	96	(34)
5.0 Scope and Objectives	96	(1)
5.1 Discrete-Time Operators	96	(1)
5.2 System Classification	97	(4)
5.3 Digital Filters	101	(2)
5.4 Digital Filters Described by Difference Equations	103	(8)
5.5 Impulse Response of Digital Filters	111	(4)
5.6 Stability of Discrete-Time LTI Systems	115	(1)
5.7 Connections: System Representation in Various Forms	116	(1)
5.8 Application-Oriented Examples	117	(4)
Problems	121	(9)
6 CONTINUOUS CONVOLUTION	130	(39)
6.0 Scope and Objectives	130	(1)
6.1 Introduction	130	(3)
6.2 Convolution of Some Common Signals	133	(2)
6.3 Some Properties of Convolution	135	(3)
6.4 Convolution by Ranges (Graphical Convolution)	138	(6)
6.5 Stability and Causality	144	(2)
6.6 The Response to Periodic Inputs	146	(4)
6.7 Periodic Convolution	150	(1)
6.8 Connections: Convolution and Transform Methods	151	(2)
6.9 Convolution Properties Based on Moments	153	(3)
6.10 Correlation	156	(4)
Problems	160	(9)
7 DISCRETE CONVOLUTION	169	(28)
7.0 Scope and Objectives	169	(1)
7.1 Discrete Convolution	169	(2)
7.2 Convolution Properties	171	(1)
7.3 Convolution of Finite Sequences	172	(5)
7.4 Stability and Causality of LTI Systems	177	(1)
7.5 System Response to Periodic Inputs	178	(2)
7.6 Periodic Convolution	180	(3)
7.7 Connections: Discrete Convolution and Transform Methods	183	(2)
7.8 Deconvolution	185	(2)
7.9 Discrete Correlation	187	(2)
Problems	189	(8)
8 FOURIER SERIES	197	(51)
8.0 Scope and Objectives	197	(1)
8.1 Fourier Series: A First Look	197	(4)
8.2 Simplifications Through Signal Symmetry	201	(4)
8.3 Parseval's Relation and the Power in Periodic Signals	205	(2)
8.4 The Spectrum of Periodic Signals	207	(3)
8.5 Properties of Fourier Series	210	(6)
8.6 Signal Reconstruction and the Gibbs Effect	216	(5)
8.7 System Response to Periodic Inputs	221	(3)
8.8 Application-Oriented Examples	224	(2)
8.9 The Dirichlet Kernel and the Gibbs Effect	226	(4)
8.10 The Fourier Series, Orthogonality, and Least Squares	230	(2)
8.11 Existence, Convergence, and Uniqueness	232	(2)
8.12 A Historical Perspective	234	(4)
Problems	238	(10)
9 THE FOURIER TRANSFORM	248	(52)
9.0 Scope and Objectives	248	(1)
9.1 Introduction	248	(4)
9.2 Fourier Transform Pairs and Properties	252	(19)
9.3 System Analysis Using the Fourier Transform	271	(4)
9.4 Frequency Response of Filters	275	(7)
9.5 Energy and Power Spectral Density	282	(2)
9.6 Time-Bandwidth Measures	284	(5)
Problems	289	(11)
10 MODULATION	300	(30)
10.0 Scope and Objectives	300	(1)
10.1 Amplitude Modulation	300	(10)
10.2 Single-Sideband AM	310	(2)
10.3 Angle Modulation	312	(4)
10.4 Wideband Angle Modulation	316	(3)
10.5 Demodulation of FM Signals	319	(2)
10.6 The Hilbert Transform	321	(5)
Problems	326	(4)
11 THE LAPLACE TRANSFORM	330	(37)
11.0 Scope and Objectives	330	(1)
11.1 The Laplace Transform	330	(2)
11.2 Properties of the Laplace Transform	332	(7)
11.3 Poles and Zeros of the Transfer Function	339	(1)
11.4 The Inverse Laplace Transform	340	(4)
11.5 The s-Plane and BIBO Stability	344	(3)
11.6 The Laplace Transform and System Analysis	347	(11)
11.7 Connections	358	(2)
Problems	360	(7)
12 APPLICATIONS OF THE LAPLACE TRANSFORM	367	(31)
12.0 Scope and Objectives	367	(1)
12.1 Frequency Response	367	(2)
12.2 Minimum-Phase Filters	369	(1)
12.3 Bode Plots	370	(8)
12.4 Performance Measures	378	(4)
12.5 Feedback	382	(5)
12.6 Application of Feedback: The Phase-Locked Loop	387	(3)
Problems	390	(8)
13 ANALOG FILTERS	398	(48)
13.0 Scope and Objectives	398	(1)
13.1 Introduction	398	(4)
13.2 The Design Process	402	(1)
13.3 The Butterworth Filter	403	(9)
13.4 The Chebyshev Approximation	412	(9)
13.5 The Inverse Chebyshev Approximation	421	(6)
13.6 The Elliptic Approximation	427	(5)
13.7 The Bessel Approximation	432	(8)
Problems	440	(6)
14 SAMPLING AND QUANTIZATION	446	(36)
14.0 Scope and Objectives	446	(1)
14.1 Ideal Sampling	446	(10)
14.2 Sampling, Interpolation, and Signal Recovery	456	(4)
14.3 Quantization	460	(5)
14.4 Digital Processing of Analog Signals	465	(5)
14.5 Compact Disc Digital Audio	470	(2)
14.6 Dynamic Range Processors	472	(3)
Problems	475	(7)
15 THE DISCRETE-TIME FOURIER TRANSFORM	482	(53)
15.0 Scope and Objectives	482	(1)
15.1 The Discrete-Time Fourier Transform	482	(1)
15.2 Connections: The DTFT and the Fourier Transform	483	(4)
15.3 Properties of the DTFT	487	(7)
15.4 The Transfer Function	494	(5)
15.5 System Analysis Using the DTFT	499	(2)
15.6 Connections	501	(3)
15.7 Ideal Filters	504	(5)
15.8 Some Traditional and Non-traditional Filters	509	(3)
15.9 Frequency Response of Discrete Algorithms	512	(3)
15.10 Oversampling and Sampling Rate Conversion	515	(5)
Problems	520	(15)
16 THE DFT AND FFT	535	(57)
16.0 Scope and Objectives	535	(1)
16.1 Introduction	535	(1)
16.2 Properties of the DFT	536	(6)
16.3 Connections	542	(2)
16.4 Approximating the DTFT by the DFT	544	(2)
16.5 The DFT of Periodic Signals	546	(6)
16.6 The DFT of Nonperiodic Signals	552	(3)
16.7 Spectral Smoothing by Time Windows	555	(8)
16.8 Applications in Signal Processing	563	(3)
16.9 Spectrum Estimation	566	(3)
16.10 Matrix Formulation of the DFT and IDFT	569	(2)
16.11 The FFT	571	(6)
16.12 Why Equal Lengths for the DFT and IDFT?	577	(4)
Problems	581	(11)
17 THE z-TRANSFORM	592	(45)
17.0 Scope and Objectives	592	(1)
17.1 The Two-Sided z-Transform	592	(4)
17.2 Properties of the z-Transform	596	(4)
17.3 Poles, Zeros, and the z-Plane	600	(2)
17.4 The Transfer Function	602	(3)
17.5 The Inverse z-Transform	605	(8)
17.6 The One-Sided z-Transform	613	(5)
17.7 The z-Transform and System Analysis	618	(3)
17.8 Frequency Response	621	(3)
17.9 Connections	624	(1)
Problems	625	(12)
18 APPLICATIONS OF THE z-TRANSFORM	637	(36)
18.0 Scope and Objectives	637	(1)
18.1 Transfer Function Realization	637	(3)
18.2 Interconnected Systems	640	(2)
18.3 Minimum-Phase Systems	642	(3)
18.4 The Frequency Response: A Graphical Interpretation	645	(4)
18.5 Application-Oriented Examples	649	(9)
18.6 Allpass Filters	658	(2)
18.7 Application-Oriented Examples: Digital Audio Effects	660	(4)
Problems	664	(9)
19 IIR DIGITAL FILTERS	673	(42)
19.0 Scope and Objectives	673	(1)
19.1 Introduction	673	(1)
19.2 IIR Filter Design	674	(2)
19.3 Response Matching	676	(8)
19.4 The Matched z-Transform for Factored Forms	684	(1)
19.5 Mappings from Discrete Algorithms	685	(6)
19.6 The Bilinear Transformation	691	(3)
19.7 Spectral Transformations for IIR Filters	694	(9)
19.8 Design Recipe for IIR Filters	703	(4)
Problems	707	(8)
20 FIR DIGITAL FILTERS	715	(47)
20.0 Scope and Objectives	715	(1)
20.1 Symmetric Sequences and Linear Phase	715	(5)
20.2 Window-Based Design	720	(13)
20.3 Half-Band FIR Filters	733	(3)
20.4 FIR Filter Design by Frequency Sampling	736	(4)
20.5 Design of Optimal Linear-Phase FIR Filters	740	(4)
20.6 Application: Multistage Interpolation and Decimation	744	(4)
20.7 Maximally Flat FIR Filters	748	(1)
20.8 FIR Differentiators and Hilbert Transformers	749	(2)
20.9 Least Squares and Adaptive Signal Processing	751	(3)
Problems	754	(8)
21 MATLAB EXAMPLES	762	(36)
21.0 Introduction	762	(1)
21.1 The ADSP Toolbox and Its Installation	762	(1)
21.2 MATLAB Tips and Pointers	763	(2)
21.3 Graphical User Interface Programs	765	(1)
21.4 The ADSP Toolbox	766	(3)
21.5 Examples of MATLAB Code	769	(29)
REFERENCES	798	(3)
INDEX	801