Anxiety 101

by Zeidner, Moshe

• ISBN13: 9780826104885
• ISBN10: 0826104886
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2010-10-01
• Publisher: SPRINGER PUB CO INC

Summary

What are the origins of anxiety?

Table of Contents

Preface	p. xiii
Introduction	p. 1
What Is This Thing Called Anxiety?	p. 4
Anxiety, Versus Fear	p. 5
Trait Versus State Anxiety	p. 8
Facets of State Anxiety	p. 9
Normal Versus Clinical Anxiety	p. 10
General Versus Contextualized Anxiety	p. 11
Anxiety: What Is it Good For?	p. 12
Facets of Anxiety: Unpacking the Anxiety Response	p. 15
The Cognitive Facet	p. 15
The Affective/Somatic Facet	p. 17
The Behavioral Facet	p. 18
Major Forms of Anxiety in Modern Society	p. 20
Test Anxiety	p. 20
Math Anxiety	p. 23
Computer Anxiety	p. 26
Sports Anxiety	p. 29
Social Anxiety	p. 32
Terror-Related Anxiety and Trauma	p. 36
Summary: Key Issues in Anxiety Research	p. 39
How Do We Best Assess Anxiety	p. 43
Subjective Scales for Measuring Anxiety	p. 49
General Subjective Measures	p. 50
Anxiety in Context	p. 56
Physiological Measures of Anxiety	p. 60
Questionable Construct Validity	p. 61
Low Convergence of Physiological Measures	p. 62
Poor Reliability	p. 63
Response Specificity	p. 64
Behavioral Measures of Anxiety	p. 67
Implicit Anxiety Measures	p. 69
Performance Measures	p. 70
Gender and Age Differences	p. 71
Gender Differences	p. 72
Age Differences	p. 75
Summary and Conclusions	p. 77
Theories and Perspectives on Anxiety	p. 79
Of Historical Interest	p. 80
The Psychoanalytical Model	p. 80
Learning Models of Anxiety	p. 86
Drive Theory	p. 89
Biological Perspectives	p. 92
Evolutionary Perspectives	p. 92
Functional Neurobiological Perspectives	p. 94
Cognitive Models	p. 104
Appraisal Theories	p. 104
State-Trait Interactional and Transactional Models of Anxiety	p. 106
Self-Control (Regulation) Model of Anxiety	p. 108
Summary and Conclusions	p. 112
What are the Origins of Anxiety	p. 115
Some Basic Issues	p. 117
Temperament in Children	p. 118
Longitudinal Studies	p. 119
Generational Effects	p. 122
Heredity and Environment	p. 123
A Family Affair: Behavior Genetic Studies	p. 124
Molecular Genetics: DNA for Anxiety	p. 126
Environmental Influences	p. 127
Anxiety, As a Product of Genes and Environment	p. 128
Family Environment: How to Raise An Anxious Child	p. 130
Prenatal Maternal Environment	p. 130
Attachment Processes	p. 131
Child-Rearing Practices	p. 134
Anxiety in Context: The School Environment	p. 139
Competitive Climate	p. 142
Evaluative Orientation and Practice	p. 143
Social Comparison	p. 143
History of Failure Experiences	p. 146
In Sum	p. 147
How Does Anxiety Affect Cognitive Outcomes?	p. 151
Anxiety and Cognitive Performance	p. 154
Mediating Versus Moderating Factors	p. 159
Theoretical Perspectives	p. 161
Information-Processing Models	p. 161
Attentional Control Theory	p. 167
Self-Regulative Theory of Anxiety	p. 169
Summary and Conclusions	p. 174
Does Intervention Help?	p. 177
Normative Versus Pathological Anxiety	p. 178
Theoretical Conceptions of Pathological Anxiety	p. 185
Dynamics of Cognitive Vulnerability	p. 188
Coping With Anxiety	p. 190
Effectiveness of Coping Strategies	p. 194
Stress Management and the Training of Coping Skills	p. 197
Clinical Interventions	p. 199
Emotion-Focused Interventions	p. 199
Cognitively Oriented Interventions	p. 203
Metacognitive Interventions	p. 205
Pharmacotherapy	p. 206
Clinical Considerations	p. 211
Summary and Conclusions	p. 215
Looking Ahead to a Cognitive Science of Anxiety	p. 217
Cognitive Models of Anxiety As Standard Theory	p. 218
Origins of Anxiety	p. 219
Consequences of Anxiety	p. 221
Interventions	p. 222
Toward a Cognitive Science of Anxiety	p. 224
Cognitive Neuroscience	p. 226
Anxiety and Self-Knowledge	p. 229
Challenges to Cognitive Theory	p. 231
Challenges in Measurement: What Are Questionnaires Missing?	p. 232
The Challenge From Embodiment: Is Anxiety a Somatic State?	p. 233
The Challenge From Animal Models: Is Human Anxiety Nothing Special?	p. 235
The Challenge From Social Psychology: Is Anxiety Personalized?	p. 236
Conclusions	p. 238
References	p. 241
Index	p. 275
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