Applying Nursing Process : A Tool for Critical Thinking

by Alfaro-Lefevre, Rosalinda

Edition:

5th

ISBN13:

9780781731409

ISBN10:

0781731402

Format:

Trade Paper

Pub. Date:

11/15/2001

Publisher(s):

LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS

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Summary

This exciting revision of Applying Nursing Process - which received a Sigma Tau Best Pick Award- illustrates how to use the nursing process to think critically in today's fast-paced clinical practice. An emphasis on outcome-focused, evidence-based care guides the nurse on how to plan, provide, and evaluate care of the patient. Straight forward language, abundant examples, including valuable quote from nurses exemplifying current best practices, critical thinking exercises and case scenarios help the nurse think about independent and collaborative roles in various settings. This superb text explains how the nursing process has changed to a more dynamic, less linear approach, with a focus on proactivity to highlight the nurse' s role in the prediction, prevention, and management of health problems. A Brandon-Hill Recommended Title.

Nursing Process Overview

(31)

What is the Nursing Process and Why Learn About It?

(1)

Steps of the Nursing Process

(2)

Relationships Among the Steps of the Nursing Process

(3)

Assessment and Diagnosis

(1)

Diagnosis and Planning

(1)

Planning and Implementation

(1)

Implementation and Evaluation

(1)

Evaluation and the Other Steps in the Nursing Process

(1)

What Are the Benefits of Using the Nursing Process?

(2)

Nursing Process in Context of Today's Changing World

(8)

Today's Healthcare Reality

(7)

Ethics: Protecting Client Rights

(1)

Critical Thinking Exercise 1: Nursing Process in a Changing World

(1)

Knowledge, Skills and Caring: The Heart of Nursing Process

(9)

Nursing Knowledge: Broad and Varied

(1)

Critical Thinking

(1)

How to Become a Critical Thinker

(2)

Technical Skills

(1)

Interpersonal Skills

(1)

Willingness and Ability to Care

(1)

Willingness to Care

(3)

Being Able to Care

(2)

Critical Thinking Exercise II: Knowledge, Skills, and Willingness and Ability to Care

(1)

Summary

(1)

Assessment

(45)

Assessment: The First Step to Determining Health Status

(15)

Collecting Data

(1)

What Resources Do You Use

(1)

How Can You Ensure Comprehensive Data Collection

(1)

Data Base (Start of Care) Versus Focus Assessment

(1)

Data Base (Start of Care) Assessment

(1)

Focus Assessment

(10)

Health Promotion: Screening for Prevention and Early Diagnosis

(3)

The Nursing Interview and Physical Assessment

(7)

Ethical, Cultural, and Spiritual Considerations

(1)

The Nursing Interview

(1)

Guidelines: Promoting a Caring Interview

(4)

Physical Assessment

(1)

Guidelines: Performing a Physical Assessment

(1)

Checking Laboratory and Diagnostic Studies

(1)

Critical Thinking Exercise III: The Nursing Interview and Physical Assessment

(3)

Identifying Subjective and Objective Data

(1)

Identifying Cues and Making Inferences

(1)

Validating (Verifying) Data

(1)

Guidelines: Validating (Verifying) Data

(1)

Critical Thinking Exercise IV: Subjective and Objective Data; Cues and Inferences; Validating Data

(2)

Organizing (Clustering) Data

(4)

Clustering Data According to a Nursing Model

(1)

Clustering Data According to Body Systems

(4)

Critical Thinking Exercise V: Organizing (Clustering) Data

(1)

Identifying Patterns/Testing First Impressions

(1)

Reporting and Recording

(3)

Deciding What to Report

(1)

Deciding What's Abnormal

(1)

Guidelines: Reporting Significant Findings

(1)

General Guidelines

(1)

Guidelines for Phone Reports

(1)

Critical Thinking Exercise VI: Recognizing Abnormal Data, Deciding What's Relevant, Applying the Principle of Cause and Effect

(2)

Deciding What to Record

(1)

Guidelines: Recording the Nursing Data Base

(1)

Summary

(1)

Diagnosis

(44)

From Assessment to Diagnosis: A Pivotal Point

(17)

Nurses' Growing Responsibilities as Diagnosticians

(1)

Diagnose and Treat vs. Predict, Prevent, and Manage

(1)

Point of Care Testing

(1)

Critical Pathways (Clinical Pathways, Care Maps™)

(1)

Computer-Assisted Diagnosis

(1)

Benefits of Computer-Assisted Diagnosis

(1)

Limitations of Computer-Assisted Diagnosis

(1)

Multidisciplinary Practice

(1)

Capturing, Organizing, and Using Nursing's Expanding Knowledge Base

(3)

Thinking Critically About Using Standard Languages in Practice

(2)

Mastering Diagnoses, Interventions, and Outcomes in Practice: Key Concepts

(1)

Definitions and Discussion of Key Terms Related to Diagnosis

(6)

Recognizing Risk Factors: The Key to Proactive Approaches

(1)

Critical Thinking Exercise VII: Nurses' Responsibilities as Diagnosticians

(2)

Diagnostic Reasoning: Applying Critical Thinking

(7)

Fundamental Principles and Rules of Diagnostic Reasoning

100

(1)

Ten Steps for Diagnosing Health Problems

101

(3)

Three Steps for Diagnosing Strengths

104

(1)

Avoiding Diagnostic Errors

105

(1)

Considering Lifestyles and Coping Patterns

105

(1)

Determining Causative and Risk (Related) Factors

106

(1)

NANDA's List of Diagnoses Accepted for Clinical Testing

106

(3)

Diagnostic Label Components

106

(1)

Actual, Risk, and Possible Nursing Diagnoses

107

(1)

Wellness Diagnoses

107

(1)

Syndrome Diagnoses

107

(2)

Nursing Diagnoses Not on NANDA's List

109

(1)

Critical Thinking Exercise VIII: Recognizing Nursing Diagnoses

109

(2)

Diagnostic Statements for Nursing Diagnoses

111

(4)

Rules for Making Diagnostic Statements

111

(1)

Making Sure Diagnostic Statements Direct Interventions

112

(1)

Guidelines: Using NANDA Terminology Correctly

112

(1)

Guidelines: Avoiding Errors When Making Diagnostic Statements

113

(2)

Critical Thinking Exercise IX: Diagnostic Statements for Nursing Diagnosis

115

(2)

Predicting and Detecting Potential Complications

117

(2)

Guidelines: Identifying Potential Complications

118

(1)

Identifying Problems Requiring Multidisciplinary Approaches

119

(1)

Critical Thinking Exercise X: Predicting Potential Complications

119

(1)

Critical Thinking Exercise XI: Identifying Nursing Diagnoses, Potential Complications, and Strengths

120

(1)

Summary

121

(1)

Planning

122

(40)

Planning: Setting Priorities, Determining Outcomes, Recording the Plan

124

(1)

Why Are Rules for Recording the Plan So Specific?

124

(1)

Major Components of the Plan of Care

124

(1)

Setting Priorities

125

(5)

Critical Thinking and Setting Priorities

125

(1)

Setting Priorities: Basic Principles

126

(1)

Suggested Steps for Setting Priorities

126

(2)

Applying Nursing Standards

128

(2)

Critical Thinking Exercise XII: Setting Priorities and Applying Standards

130

(1)

Planning Outcome-Focused Care

131

(8)

Principles of Patient-Centered (Client-Centered) Outcomes

132

(3)

Guidelines: Determining Patient-Centered (Client-Centered) Outcomes

135

(1)

Relationship of Outcomes to Accountability

136

(1)

Clinical, Functional, and Quality of Life Outcomes

136

(1)

Discharge Outcomes and Discharge Planning

137

(1)

Case Management

137

(2)

Critical Thinking Exercise XIII: Planning Outcome-Focused Care

139

(3)

Nursing Interventions

142

(3)

Assessment---Monitoring Health Status

143

(1)

Teaching---The Key to Empowerment

143

(1)

Guidelines: Planning Teaching

143

(1)

Counseling--Helping People Make Choices

144

(1)

Consulting and Referring---The Cornerstone of Multidisciplinary Approaches

144

(1)

Determining Specific Interventions

145

(2)

Safe Practice: Weigh Risks and Benefits, Be Proactive

146

(1)

Guidelines: Determining Nursing Orders

146

(1)

Making Sure the Plan is Adequately Recorded

147

(2)

Responsibilities For Computerized and Standard Plans

147

(1)

Multidisciplinary Plans

148

(1)

Critical Thinking: Evaluating the Plan

149

(9)

Critical Thinking Exercise XIV: Determining Interventions and Recording Nursing Orders

158

(3)

Summary

161

(1)

Implementation

162

(26)

Implementation: Putting the Plan Into Action

164

(1)

Preparing for Report and Getting Report

164

(2)

Preparing for Report

164

(1)

Getting Report

164

(2)

Setting Daily Priorities

166

(2)

Steps for Setting Daily Priorities

166

(2)

Assessing and Reassessing: Monitoring Responses

168

(1)

Performing Nursing Interventions

169

(1)

Preparation: Be Proactive--Promote, Safety, Comfort, and Efficiency

169

(1)

Steps for Preparing to Act

169

(1)

Thinking Critically: What to Do If Things Go Wrong

170

(1)

Case Management: Critical Paths and Care Variances

171

(1)

Ethical/Legal Concerns

172

(1)

Critical Thinking Exercise XV: Delegating, Case Management, Critical Paths, and Care Variances

172

(1)

Charting

173

(4)

Different Ways of Charting

174

(1)

Principles of Effective Charting

175

(1)

Learning to Chart Effectively

175

(1)

Guidelines: Charting During Implementation

176

(1)

Mnemonics Used for Charting

177

(1)

Critical Thinking Exercise XVI: Principles of Effective Charting

177

(1)

Giving the Change-of-Shift Report

178

(1)

Guidelines: Giving Change-of-Shift Reports

178

(1)

Keeping the Plan up to Date

179

(1)

Summary

180

(8)

Evaluation

188

(9)

Critical Evaluation: The Key to Excellence in Health Care Delivery

190

(1)

Consumer Satisfaction: Maximizing Value

190

(1)

Evaluating an Individual Plan of Care

191

(2)

Determining Outcome Achievement

191

(1)

Identifying Variables Affecting Outcome Achievement

192

(1)

Deciding Whether to Continue, Modify, or Terminate the Plan

192

(1)

Critical Thinking Exercise XVII: Determining Outcome Achievement, Identifying Variables Affecting Achievement, and Deciding Whether to Continue, Modify, or Terminate the Plan

193

(1)

Ongoing, Systematic Evaluation for Quality Improvement (QI)

194

(2)

Healthcare Systems: Constantly Interacting and Affecting Outcomes

195

(1)

Three Types of Evaluation: Outcomes, Process, Structure

195

(1)

Staff Nurses' Role

196

(1)

Summary

197

(1)

Critical Thinking Exercise XVIII: Quality Improvement

197

(2)

Bibliography

199

(4)

Quick References to Nursing Diagnoses

203

(40)

Example Responses to Critical Thinking Exercises

243

(6)

Appendix A: Ethics Code and Practice Standards Related to Nursing Process

249

(2)

Appendix B: Example Critical Path and Care Map™

251

(4)

Appendix C: List of NIC Interventions and NOC Outcomes

255

(8)

Glossary

263

(4)

Index

267

Applying Nursing Process : A Tool for Critical Thinking

9780781731409

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