The Archaeology of Iberia: The Dynamics of Change

by Diaz-Andreu,Margarita

• ISBN13: 9780415120128
• ISBN10: 0415120128
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1997-01-31
• Publisher: Routledge

Summary

For many archaeologists, Iberia is the last great unknown region in Europe. Although it occupies a crucial position between South-Western Europe and North Africa, academic attention has traditionally been focused on areas like Greece or Italy. However Iberia has an equally rich cultural heritage and archaeological tradition. This ground-breaking volume presents a sample of the ways in which archaeologists have applied theoretical frameworks to the interpretation of archaeological evidence, offering new insights into the archaeology of both Iberia and Europe from prehistoric time through to the tenth century. The contributors to this book are leading archaeologists drawn from both countries. They offer innovative and challenging models for the Paleolithic, Neolithic, Copper Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age, Roman, Early Medieval and Islamic periods. A diverse range of subjects are covered including urban transformation, the Iron Age peoples of Spain, observations on historiography and the origins of the

Table of Contents

List of figures and tables	x	(2)
List of contributors	xii	(1)
General editor's preface	xiii	(3)
Acknowledgements	xvi
1 Introduction	1	(5)
Simon Keay
Margarita Diaz-Andreu
2 Conflict and innovation: the development of archaeological traditions in Iberia	6	(28)
Margarita Diaz-Andreu
Introduction	6	(2)
The formation of professional archaeology in the Iberian Peninsula	8	(8)
Nationalist archaeologies: the first third of the twentieth century	16	(4)
Archaeology and military dictatorship: the muzzled decades	20	(4)
Iberian archaeology today	24	(2)
Acknowledgements	26	(1)
Notes	26	(1)
References	27	(7)
3 Behavioral transformations during the Pleistocene: an Iberian perspective	34	(31)
Josefa Enamorado
Introduction	34	(1)
The archaeological record in the Iberian Peninsula	35	(14)
Lower and Middle Pleistocene: a brief review	36	(1)
Upper Pleistocene	36	(5)
Late Upper Pleistocene	41	(8)
Environmental characteristics	49	(4)
Middle Pleistocene	50	(1)
Last Interglacial/Glacial cycle in the Atlantic zones	50	(1)
Last Interglacial/Glacial cycle in the Mediterranean zone	51	(2)
Behavioural transformations of Pleistocene hunter-gatherer populations in Iberia	53	(6)
Acknowledgements	59	(1)
Note	60	(1)
References	60	(5)
4 The Neolithic of the Iberian Peninsula	65	(20)
Genis Ribe
Walter Cruells
Miquel Molist
Introduction	65	(1)
The Palaeo-ecological framework	65	(1)
The origin of subsistence production in the Iberian Peninsula: The Early Neolithic	66	(10)
Territory and settlement	70	(3)
Palaeo-economy	73	(2)
Burial	75	(1)
Middle Neolithic: The consolidation of a productive economy	76	(4)
Aspects of chronology and terminology	76	(1)
Settlement, economy and social context	76	(2)
Death: spaces and ritual	78	(2)
The Late Neolothic and transition to the Chalcolithic	80	(1)
Conclusions	81	(1)
Notes	81	(1)
References	81	(4)
5 The funerary world and the dynamics of change in southeast Spain (fourth-second millennia BC)	85	(13)
Almudena Hernando Gonzalo
Conclusions	93	(1)
Notes	94	(1)
References	94	(4)
6 The dynamics of the occupation of the middle basin of the river Guadiana between the fourth and second millennia BC: an interpretational hypothesis	98	(30)
Victor Hurtado
Introduction	98	(3)
The geographical context	99	(1)
Historiographical context of the GMB	99	(2)
The end of the Neolithic: The Araya-Lobo phase (2800-2300 BC)	101	(3)
The Full Chalcolithic: The Pijotilla phase (2300-2000 BC)	104	(11)
The Bell-Beaker horizon (2000-1800/1700 BC)	115	(5)
The Guadajira-Solana I phase: Reflections on the transition to the Bronze Age (1800/1700-1500 BC)	120	(4)
Conclusion	124	(1)
Notes	124	(1)
References	125	(3)
7 The Neolithic/Chalcolithic transition in Portugal: the dynamics of change in the third millennium BC	128	(15)
Susana Oliveira Jorge
Vitor Oliveira Jorge
Introduction	128	(1)
The Alentejo and the Algarve	128	(6)
Estremadura	134	(2)
The Beiras	136	(1)
The North	137	(3)
Conclusions	140	(1)
Notes	141	(1)
References	141	(2)
8 The dynamics of change in northwest Portugal during the first millennium BC	143	(15)
Maria Manuela dos Reis Martins
Introduction	143	(1)
Space, time and cultural evolution: the traditional view	144	(2)
Space	144	(1)
Time and cultural evolution	144	(2)
The dynamics of change: an alternative view	146	(6)
What change and why during the first millennium BC? Some considerations about concepts and data	152	(1)
Notes	153	(1)
References	154	(4)
9 Migration revisited: Urnfields in Iberia	158	(17)
Gonzalo Ruiz Zapatero
Introduction	158	(1)
Urnfields in Iberia	159	(9)
The funerary ritual of cremation	165	(1)
Grooved ceramics	166	(2)
Settlement and subsistence	168	(1)
Anthropology and language	169	(1)
Concluding remarks: Scenarios for the emergence of Urnfields	170	(1)
References	171	(4)
10 The Iron Age Iberian peoples of the upper Guadalquivir valley	175	(17)
Arturo Ruiz Rodriguez
Introduction	175	(2)
The orientalizing aristocracy	177	(5)
The heroic aristocracy	182	(7)
References	189	(3)
11 Urban transformation and cultural change	192	(19)
Simon Keay
Introduction	192	(3)
Ideology as a mechanism of social change	195	(2)
Dynastic symbols and urban development	197	(66)
Arelate	197	(1)
Tarraco	197	(6)
The lower town	198	(4)
The upper town	202	(1)
The town overall	202	(1)
The urban landscape as a cognitive map	203	(1)
The development of a new historical order	204	(2)
Continuity and change	206	(1)
The social implications	207	(1)
Conclusion	208	(1)
Abbreviations	209	(1)
References	209	(2)
12 Hispania: from the second century AD to Late Antiquity	211	(24)
Isabel Roda
Introduction	211	(2)
The transition from the first to second centuries AD	213	(1)
The Antonine Dynasty (AD 138-92)	214	(1)
The end of the second century AD	214	(1)
The Severan Dynasty (AD 193-235)	215	(2)
The third century after the Severans	217	(2)
The tetrarchy and the fourth century	219	(4)
The fifth century	223	(3)
References	226	(9)
13 Observations on historiography and change from the sixth to tenth centuries in the north and west of the Iberian Peninsula	235	(30)
Luis Caballero Zoreda
Introduction	235	(2)
The meaning of `dynamics of change': continuity and rupture	237	(1)
The generally accepted historiography of the architecture and sculpture of the High Middle Ages in Spain	237	(7)
A different historiographical opinion	244	(4)
The implications of the `non-Visigothist' theory for our understanding of historical change in the High Middle Ages	248	(9)
The reduction and disappearance of elements considered Visigothic	248	(1)
Architecture and sculpture: distinguishing between Visigothic and Islamic with Ummayad influences	249	(2)
`Early Mozarabic'	251	(3)
The `Mozarabism' of Asturian art	254	(2)
The relation between `early Mozarabic' and Asturian art	256	(1)
Contradictions	257	(1)
Conclusions	257	(3)
Notes	260	(1)
References	261	(4)
14 The origins of Al-Andalus (the eighth and ninth centuries): continuity and change	265	(14)
Vicente Salvatierra Cuenca
Introduction	265	(2)
The pottery	267	(1)
The state of the question: a preliminary approach	268	(1)
The territory	269	(6)
The countryside	270	(1)
The urban environment	271	(4)
References	275	(4)
15 All change? A commentary on Iberian archaeology	279	(14)
Robert Chapman
References	290	(3)
Index	293