Architectural Drafting & Design

by Jefferis,Alan

• ISBN13: 9780766815469
• ISBN10: 0766815463
• Edition: CD
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2000-08-07
• Publisher: Cengage Learning

Summary

Recognized by many as the authoritative source of how-to and reference information for students and beginning professionals, Architectural Drafting & Design, 4th Edition - available in full-color for the very first time - details step-by-step methods for the design and layout of each type of drawing required for a complete set of architectural plans. To enable you to make optimal use of one of today's popular design tools - AutoCAD 2000 - this comprehensive handbook also contains a "try & die" copy of the AutoCAD 2000 software and .dwg files of selected plans in the book, supplemented by expanded coverage of CADD and freehand sketching techniques. As they work through Architectural Drafting & Design, 4th Edition, readers are challenged to think through and solve numerous design problems while adhering to the latest International Building Code; meeting requirements of the Americans with Disabilities Act; taking into account the latest NDS wood design standards; and considering the growing popularity of engineered lumber and steel construction. Keywords: Architectural Drafting and Design

Table of Contents

Preface	xi
Acknowledgments	xvii
SECTION 1 INTRODUCTION TO ARCHITECTURAL DRAFTING	1	(108)
Professional Architectural Careers, Office Practice, and Opportunities	2	(26)
Drafter	2	(1)
Designer	3	(1)
Architect	4	(1)
Engineer	5	(1)
Related Fields	6	(1)
Design Basics	7	(21)
Architectural Drafting Equipment	28	(16)
Drafting Supplies	28	(1)
Drafting Furniture	28	(1)
Drafting Pencils and Leads	29	(1)
Technical Pens and Accessories	29	(1)
Eraser and Accessories	30	(1)
Drafting Instruments	31	(3)
Drafting Machines	34	(3)
Scales	37	(2)
Protractors	39	(5)
Drafting Media and Reproduction Methods	44	(9)
Papers and Films	44	(1)
Sheet Sizes, Title Blocks, and Borders	45	(1)
How to Fold Prints	46	(2)
Diazo Reproduction	48	(2)
Photocopy Reproduction	50	(1)
Microfilm	50	(3)
Sketching and Orthographic Projection	53	(16)
Tools and Materials	53	(1)
Sketching Straight Lines	53	(1)
Sketching Circular Lines	54	(1)
Measurement Lines and Proportions	55	(3)
Multiview Sketches	58	(1)
Isometric Sketches	59	(2)
Orthographic Projection	61	(1)
Multiview Projection	61	(3)
Projection of Features from an Inclined Plane	64	(5)
Architectural Lines and Lettering	69	(18)
Types of Lines	69	(4)
Line Techniques	73	(4)
Lettering	77	(10)
Computer-Aided Design and Drafting in Architecture	87	(22)
Terminology of Computer-Aided Design and Drafting	87	(1)
Designing	88	(2)
The CADD Workstation	90	(6)
Mobile Computers	96	(1)
Ergonomics	96	(3)
Architectural CADD Symbols	99	(3)
Drawing on CADD Layers	102	(4)
Web-Based Architectural Collaboration	106	(3)
SECTION 2 RESIDENTIAL DESIGN	109	(88)
Building Codes and Interior Design	110	(15)
National Codes	110	(1)
International Building Code	110	(2)
Choosing the Right Code	112	(1)
Basic Design Criteria for Building Planning	112	(11)
Climatic and Geographic Design Criteria	123	(2)
Room Relationships and Sizes	125	(30)
The Floor Plan	125	(1)
Living Area	125	(10)
Sleeping Area	135	(2)
Service Area	137	(10)
Traffic Patterns	147	(4)
Providing Universal Accessibility	151	(4)
Exterior Design Factors	155	(15)
Site Considerations	155	(1)
Elements of Design	156	(3)
Principles of Design	159	(1)
Floor Plan Styles	160	(2)
Exterior Styles	162	(8)
Conservation and Environmental Design and Construction	170	(18)
Energy-Efficient Design	170	(1)
Energy Codes	170	(1)
Energy-Efficient Construction	171	(4)
Solar Energy Design	175	(9)
Hydroelectric Power	184	(1)
Healthy Architectural Design and Construction	184	(4)
Site Orientation	188	(9)
Terrain Orientation	188	(1)
View Orientation	188	(2)
Solar Orientation	190	(2)
Wind Orientation	192	(2)
Sound Orientation	194	(3)
SECTION 3 SITE PLAN	197	(38)
Legal Descriptions and Site Plan Requirements	198	(16)
Legal Descriptions	198	(4)
Site Plan Requirements	202	(2)
Site Plans	204	(2)
Grading Plan	206	(3)
Subdivision Plans	209	(2)
Planned Unit Development	211	(3)
Site Plan Layout	214	(21)
Site Design Considerations	215	(1)
Property Lines	216	(2)
Site Plan Drawing Checklist	218	(1)
Drawing Contour Lines	218	(3)
Drawing the Grading Plan	221	(14)
SECTION 4 FLOOR PLAN	235	(98)
Floor-Plan Symbols	236	(41)
Wall Symbols	236	(7)
Door Symbols	243	(2)
Window Symbols	245	(2)
Schedules	247	(3)
Cabinets, Fixtures, and Appliances	250	(5)
Commons Sizes of Architectural Features	255	(2)
Floor-Plan Materials	257	(2)
Stairs	259	(5)
Hallways	264	(1)
Fireplaces	264	(3)
Solid Fuel-Burning Appliances	267	(1)
Room Titles	268	(1)
Other Floor-Plan Symbols	268	(9)
Floor-Plan Dimensions and Notes	277	(15)
Aligned Dimensions	277	(1)
Floor-Plan Dimensions	277	(3)
Common Sizes of Architectural Features	280	(2)
Dimensioning Floor-Plan Features	282	(2)
Notes and Specifications	284	(1)
Using Metric	285	(7)
Floor-Plan Layout	292	(41)
Layout Out a Floor Plan	292	(9)
Second-Floor Plan Layout	301	(1)
Basement-Plan Layout	301	(3)
Floor-Plan Drawing Checklist	304	(29)
SECTION 5 SUPPLEMENTAL FLOOR PLAN DRAWINGS	333	(76)
Electrical Plans	334	(20)
Electrical Terms and Definitions	334	(1)
Electrical Circuit Design	335	(1)
Energy Conservation	336	(1)
Home Automation	336	(1)
Electrical Design Considerations	337	(1)
Universal Electrical Installations	338	(1)
Electrical Symbols	339	(1)
Electrical Wiring Specifications	339	(2)
Metrics in Electrical Installations	341	(1)
Steps in Drawing the Electrical Plan	341	(5)
Electrical Plan Drawing Checklist	346	(8)
Plumbing Plans	354	(20)
Plumbing Terms and Definitions	354	(2)
Sizing of Plumbing Piping	356	(1)
Energy Conservation	356	(1)
Universal Plumbing Installations	357	(1)
Plumbing Schedules	358	(1)
Plumbing Drawings	358	(1)
Water Systems	358	(3)
Drainage and Vent Systems	361	(1)
Isometric Plumbing Drawings	361	(2)
Solar Hot Water	363	(1)
Sewage Disposal	364	(1)
Metrics in Plumbing	365	(1)
Adding Plumbing Information to the Floor Plan	366	(1)
Commercial Plumbing Drawings	366	(1)
Plumbing Plan Drawing Checklist	367	(7)
Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning	374	(35)
The Boca National Energy Conservation Code Requirements	374	(1)
Central Forced-Air Systems	375	(3)
Hot Water Systems	378	(1)
Heat Pump Systems	378	(1)
Zone Control Systems	379	(1)
Radiant Heat	380	(1)
Thermostats	380	(1)
Heat Recovery and Ventilation	380	(2)
Central Vacuum Systems	382	(1)
HVAC Symbols	382	(2)
Universal HVAC Design	384	(1)
Thermal Calculations for Heating/Cooling	385	(7)
HVAC Drawings	392	(17)
SECTION 6 ROOF PLANS	409	(30)
Roof Plan Components	410	(16)
Types of Roof Plans	410	(1)
Roof Pitches	411	(1)
Roof Shapes	412	(9)
Roofing Materials	421	(3)
Roof Ventilation and Access	424	(2)
Roof Plan Layout	426	(13)
Roof Shape	426	(4)
Structural Material	430	(1)
Nonstructural Material	430	(2)
Dimensions	432	(1)
Notes	432	(1)
Drawing Gable Roof Plans	432	(1)
Drawing Hip Roof Plans	433	(2)
Drawing Dutch Hip Roof Plans	435	(4)
SECTION 7 ELEVATIONS	439	(58)
Introduction to Elevations	440	(20)
Required Elevations	440	(2)
Types of Elevations	442	(2)
Elevation Scales	444	(1)
Elevation Placement	444	(1)
Surface Materials in Elevation	445	(12)
CADD Elevation Symbols	457	(3)
Evaluation Layout and Drawing Techniques	460	(14)
Layout	460	(4)
Drawing Finished-Quality Lines	464	(1)
Lettering	465	(1)
Alternative Elevations	466	(1)
Drawing Roof Intersections	467	(2)
Drawing Irregular Shapes	469	(1)
Projecting Grades	469	(5)
Millwork and Cabinet Technology, Cabinet Elevations, and Layout	474	(23)
Types of Millwork	474	(4)
Cabinets	478	(4)
Cabinet Elevations and Layout	482	(15)
SECTION 8 FRAMING METHODS AND PLANS	497	(128)
Framing Methods	498	(15)
Balloon Framing	498	(1)
Platform Framing	499	(3)
Post-and-Beam Framing	502	(2)
Timber Construction	504	(1)
Steel Framing	505	(1)
Concrete Masonry Construction	505	(2)
Solid Masonry Construction	507	(2)
Masonry Veneer	509	(1)
Insulated Concrete Form Construction	509	(1)
Modular Framing Methods	510	(3)
Structural Components	513	(30)
Floor Construction	513	(10)
Framed Wall Construction	523	(4)
Roof Construction	527	(9)
Metal Hangers	536	(2)
Environmentally Friendly Design and Construction	538	(5)
Design Criteria for Structural Loading	543	(8)
Types of Loads	543	(3)
Load Design	546	(1)
Load Distribution	547	(4)
Sizing Joists and Rafters Using Span Tables	551	(14)
Determining Wood Characteristics	551	(1)
Determining Size and Span	551	(7)
Working with Engineered Lumber	558	(7)
Determining Simple Beams	565	(27)
Loading and Support Patterns of Beams	565	(1)
Structural Lumber	565	(3)
Loading Reactions of Wood Members	568	(1)
Methods of Beam Design	569	(2)
Notations for Formulas	571	(1)
Sizing Wood Beams	571	(6)
Review	577	(1)
Wood Adjustment Factors	578	(1)
Span Tables	579	(7)
Simple Beam with a Load Concentrated at the Center	586	(1)
Simple Beam with a Load Concentrated at Any Point	587	(1)
Cantilevered Beam with a Uniform Load	587	(1)
Cantilevered Beam with a Point Load at the Free End	587	(5)
Drawing Framing Plans	592	(33)
Framing Plans	592	(15)
Completing a Framing Plan	607	(1)
Roof Framing Plans	608	(6)
Floor Framing Plans	614	(11)
SECTION 9 FOUNDATION PLANS	625	(74)
Foundation Systems	626	(28)
Soil Considerations	626	(3)
Types of Foundations	629	(21)
Dimensioning Foundation Components	650	(4)
Floor Systems and Foundation Support	654	(23)
On-Grade Foundations	654	(10)
Crawl Space Floor Systems	664	(13)
Foundation Plan Layout	677	(22)
Concrete Slab Foundation Layout	677	(4)
Foundation Plan with Joist Construction	681	(4)
Standard Foundation with Post-and-Beam Floor System	685	(2)
Combination Slab and Crawl Space Plans for a Partial Basement	687	(6)
Full Basement	693	(6)
SECTION 10 WALL SECTIONS AND DETAILS	699	(66)
Sectioning Basics	700	(7)
Types of Sections	700	(2)
Scale	702	(2)
Section Alignment	704	(3)
Section Layout	707	(12)
Evaluate Needs	707	(1)
Lay Out the Section	707	(2)
Finished-Quality Lines-Structural Members Only	709	(4)
Drawing Finishing Materials	713	(1)
Dimensioning	713	(1)
Lettering Notes	714	(2)
Evaluate Your Work	716	(3)
Alternative Layout Techniques	719	(20)
Floor Joist/Foundation	719	(3)
Post-and-Beam Foundations	722	(2)
Basement with Concrete Slab	724	(5)
Conventional (Stick) Roof Framing	729	(6)
Garage/Residence Section	735	(4)
Stair Construction and Layout	739	(12)
Stair Terminology	739	(1)
Determining Rise and Run	739	(2)
Straight Stair Layout	741	(3)
Open Stairway Layout	744	(2)
U-Shaped Stairs	746	(1)
Exterior Stairs	747	(4)
Fireplace Construction and Layout	751	(14)
Fireplace Terms	751	(5)
Goals of Energy-Efficient Fireplaces	756	(1)
Chimney Reinforcements	757	(1)
Drawing the Fireplace Section	758	(2)
Fireplace Elevations	760	(5)
SECTION 11 ARCHITECTURAL RENDERING	765	(44)
Presentation Drawings	766	(15)
Types of Presentation Drawings	766	(2)
Methods of Presentation	768	(3)
Rendering Procedure for Drawing	771	(10)
Perspective Drawing Techniques	781	(16)
Types of Perspective Drawings	781	(1)
Perspective Terms	782	(6)
Two-Point Perspective	788	(2)
One-Point Perspective	790	(7)
Rendering Methods for Perspective Drawings	797	(12)
Presenting Depth	797	(1)
Shadows	797	(3)
Reflections	800	(1)
Texture	801	(1)
Entourage	802	(2)
Planning the Drawing	804	(1)
Two-Point Perspective Rendering	804	(1)
One-Point Perspective Rendering	805	(4)
SECTION 12 GENERAL CONSTRUCTION SPECIFICATIONS	809	(10)
Construction Specifications	810	(3)
Specifications for Commercial Construction	810	(1)
Construction Documents	811	(2)
Construction Supervision Procedures	813	(6)
Loan Applications	813	(1)
Individual Appraisal Requirements	813	(1)
Master Appraisal Requirements	814	(1)
Change Orders	814	(1)
Building Permits	814	(1)
Contracts	814	(1)
Completion Notice	815	(1)
Bids	815	(1)
Construction Inspections	815	(4)
SECTION 13 COMMERCIAL DRAFTING	819	(91)
Building Codes and Commercial Design	820	(15)
Exploring Building Codes	820	(1)
Determining Design Categories	820	(13)
Using the Codes	833	(2)
Common Commercial Construction Materials	835	(31)
Wood	835	(4)
Concrete Block	839	(5)
Poured Concrete	844	(6)
Steel Construction	850	(5)
Common Connection Methods	855	(11)
Commercial Construction Project Drawings	866	(24)
Office Practice	866	(1)
Types of Drawings	866	(24)
Structural Drafting	890	(20)
Plan the Drawing	890	(1)
Procedure-From Calculations to Working Drawings	890	(1)
Detail Coordination	891	(1)
Lettering	891	(1)
Order of Precedence	891	(1)
Occupancy	891	(19)
Appendix A	910	(2)
Appendix B	912	(1)
Appendix C	913	(6)
Abbreviations	919	(6)
Glossary	925	(12)
Index	937