The Art of Electronics

by Paul Horowitz , Winfield Hill

• ISBN13: 9780521370950
• ISBN10: 0521370957
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 1989-07-28
• Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Summary

This is the thoroughly revised and updated second edition of the hugely successful The Art of Electronics. Widely accepted as the single authoritative text and reference on electronic circuit design, both analog and digital, the original edition sold over 125,000 copies worldwide and was translated into eight languages. The book revolutionized the teaching of electronics by emphasizing the methods actually used by citcuit designers - a combination of some basic laws, rules to thumb, and a large nonmathematical treatment that encourages circuit values and performance. The new Art of Electronics retains the feeling of informality and easy access that helped make the first edition so successful and popular. It is an ideal first textbook on electronics for scientists and engineers and an indispensable reference for anyone, professional or amateur, who works with electronic circuits.

Table of Contents

List of tables	xvi	(3)
Preface	xix	(2)
Preface to first edition	xxi
CHAPTER 1 FOUNDATIONS	1	(60)
Introduction	1	(1)
Voltage, current, and resistance	2	(13)
1.01 Voltage and current	2	(2)
1.02 Relationship between voltage and current: resistors	4	(4)
1.03 Voltage dividers	8	(1)
1.04 Voltage and current sources	9	(2)
1.05 Thevenin's equivalent circuit	11	(2)
1.06 Small-signal resistance	13	(2)
Signals	15	(5)
1.07 Sinusoidal signals	15	(1)
1.08 Signal amplitudes and decibels	16	(1)
1.09 Other signals	17	(2)
1.10 Logic levels	19	(1)
1.11 Signal sources	19	(1)
Capacitors and ac circuits	20	(8)
1.12 Capacitors	20	(3)
1.13 RC circuits: V and I versus time	23	(2)
1.14 Differentiators	25	(1)
1.15 Integrators	26	(2)
Inductors and transformers	28	(1)
1.16 Inductors	28	(1)
1.17 Transformers	28	(1)
Impedance and reactance	29	(15)
1.18 Frequency analysis of reactive circuits	30	(5)
1.19 RC filters	35	(4)
1.20 Phasor diagrams	39	(1)
1.21 "Poles" and decibels per octave	40	(1)
1.22 Resonant circuits and active filters	41	(1)
1.23 Other capacitor applications	42	(2)
1.24 Thevenin's theorem generalized	44	(1)
Diodes and diode circuits	44	(9)
1.25 Diodes	44	(1)
1.26 Rectification	44	(1)
1.27 Power-supply filtering	45	(1)
1.28 Rectifier configurations for power supplies	46	(2)
1.29 Regulators	48	(1)
1.30 Circuit applications of diodes	48	(4)
1.31 Inductive loads and diode protection	52	(1)
Other passive components	53	(8)
1.32 Electromechanical devices	53	(4)
1.33 Indicators	57	(1)
1.34 Variable components	57	(1)
Additional exercises	58	(3)
CHAPTER 2 TRANSISTORS	61	(52)
Introduction	61	(1)
2.01 First transistor model: current amplifier	62	(1)
Some basic transistor circuits	63	(16)
2.02 Transistor switch	63	(2)
2.03 Emitter follower	65	(3)
2.04 Emitter followers as voltage regulators	68	(1)
2.05 Emitter follower biasing	69	(3)
2.06 Transistor current source	72	(4)
2.07 Common-emitter amplifier	76	(1)
2.08 Unity-gain phase splitter	77	(1)
2.09 Transconductance	78	(1)
Ebers-Moll model applied to basic transistor circuits	79	(12)
2.10 Improved transistor model: transconductance amplifier	79	(2)
2.11 The emitter follower revisited	81	(1)
2.12 The common-emitter amplifier revisited	82	(2)
2.13 Biasing the common-emitter amplifier	84	(4)
2.14 Current mirrors	88	(3)
Some amplifier building blocks	91	(13)
2.15 Push-pull output stages	91	(3)
2.16 Darlington connection	94	(2)
2.17 Bootstrapping	96	(2)
2.18 Differential amplifiers	98	(4)
2.19 Capacitance and Miller effect	102	(2)
2.20 Field-effect transistors	104	(1)
Some typical transistor circuits	104	(3)
2.21 Regulated power supply	104	(1)
2.22 Temperature controller	105	(2)
2.23 Simple logic with transistors and diodes	107	(1)
Self-explanatory circuits	107	(6)
2.24 Good circuits	107	(1)
2.25 Bad circuits	107	(1)
Additional exercises	107	(6)
CHAPTER 3 FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS	113	(62)
Introduction	113	(1)
3.01 FET characteristics	114	(3)
3.02 FET types	117	(2)
3.03 Universal FET characteristics	119	(2)
3.04 FET drain characteristics	121	(1)
3.05 Manufacturing spread of FET characteristics	122	(2)
Basic FET circuits	124	(16)
3.06 JFET current sources	125	(4)
3.07 FET amplifiers	129	(4)
3.08 Source followers	133	(2)
3.09 FET gate current	135	(3)
3.10 FETs as variable resistors	138	(2)
FET switches	140	(31)
3.11 FET analog switches	141	(3)
3.12 Limitations of FET switches	144	(7)
3.13 Some FET analog switch examples	151	(2)
3.14 MOSFET logic and power switches	153	(16)
3.15 MOSFET handling precautions	169	(2)
Self-explanatory circuits	171	(4)
3.16 Circuit ideas	171	(1)
3.17 Bad circuits	171	(4)
vskip6pt
CHAPTER 4 FEEDBACK AND OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS	175	(88)
Introduction	175	(1)
4.01 Introduction to feedback	175	(1)
4.02 Operational amplifiers	176	(1)
4.03 The golden rules	177	(1)
Basic op-amp circuits	177	(6)
4.04 Inverting amplifier	177	(1)
4.05 Noninverting amplifier	178	(1)
4.06 Follower	179	(1)
4.07 Current sources	180	(2)
4.08 Basic cautions for op-amp circuits	182	(1)
An op-amp smorgasbord	183	(5)
4.09 Linear circuits	183	(4)
4.10 Nonlinear circuits	187	(1)
A detailed look at op-amp behavior	188	(25)
4.11 Departure from ideal op-amp performance	189	(4)
4.12 Effects of op-amp limitations on circuit behavior	193	(17)
4.13 Low-power and programmable op-amps	210	(3)
A detailed look at selected op-amp circuits	213	(11)
4.14 Logarithmic amplifier	213	(4)
4.15 Active peak detector	217	(3)
4.16 Sample-and-hold	220	(1)
4.17 Active clamp	221	(1)
4.18 Absolute-value circuit	221	(1)
4.19 Integrators	222	(2)
4.20 Differentiators	224	(1)
Op-amp operation with a single power supply	224	(5)
4.21 Biasing single-supply ac amplifiers	225	(1)
4.22 Single-supply op-amps	225	(4)
Comparators and Schmitt trigger	229	(3)
4.23 Comparators	229	(2)
4.24 Schmitt trigger	231	(1)
Feedback with finite-gain amplifiers	232	(6)
4.25 Gain equation	232	(1)
4.26 Effects of feedback on amplifier circuits	233	(3)
4.27 Two examples of transistor amplifiers with feedback	236	(2)
Some typical op-amp circuits	238	(4)
4.28 General-purpose lab amplifier	238	(2)
4.29 Voltage-controlled oscillator	240	(1)
4.30 JFET linear switch with RON compensation	241	(1)
4.31 TTL zero-crossing detector	242	(1)
4.32 Load-current-sensing circuit	242	(1)
Feedback amplifier frequency compensation	242	(8)
4.33 Gain and phase shift versus frequency	243	(2)
4.34 Amplifier compensation methods	245	(2)
4.35 Frequency response of the feedback network	247	(3)
Self-explanatory circuits	250	(13)
4.36 Circuit ideas	250	(1)
4.37 Bad circuits	250	(1)
Additional exercises	251	(12)
CHAPTER 5 ACTIVE FILTERS AND OSCILLATORS	263	(44)
Active filters	263	(1)
5.01 Frequency response with RC filters	263	(2)
5.02 Ideal performance with LC filters	265	(1)
5.03 Enter active filters: an overview	266	(1)
5.04 Key filter performance criteria	267	(1)
5.05 Filter types	268	(4)
Active filter circuits	272	(12)
5.06 VCVS circuits	273	(1)
5.07 VCVS filter design using our simplified table	274	(2)
5.08 State-variable filters	276	(3)
5.09 Twin-T notch filters	279	(2)
5.10 Gyrator filter realizations	281	(1)
5.11 Switched-capacitor filters	281	(3)
Oscillators	284	(19)
5.12 Introduction to oscillators	284	(1)
5.13 Relaxation oscillators	284	(2)
5.14 The classic timer chip: the 555	286	(5)
5.15 Voltage-controlled oscillators	291	(1)
5.16 Quadrature oscillators	291	(5)
5.17 Wien bridge and LC oscillators	296	(1)
5.18 LC oscillators	297	(3)
5.19 Quartz-crystal oscillators	300	(3)
Self-explanatory circuits	303	(4)
5.20 Circuit ideas	303	(1)
Additional exercises	303	(4)
CHAPTER 6 VOLTAGE REGULATORS AND POWER CIRCUITS	307	(84)
Basic regulator circuits with the classic 723	307	(5)
6.01 The 723 regulator	307	(2)
6.02 Positive regulator	309	(2)
6.03 High-current regulator	311	(1)
Heat and power design	312	(13)
6.04 Power transistors and heat sinking	312	(4)
6.05 Foldback current limiting	316	(1)
6.06 Overvoltage crowbars	317	(3)
6.07 Further considerations in high-current power-supply design	320	(1)
6.08 Programmable supplies	321	(2)
6.09 Power-supply circuit example	323	(2)
6.10 Other regulator ICs	325	(1)
The unregulated supply	325	(6)
6.11 ac line components	326	(2)
6.12 Transformer	328	(1)
6.13 dc components	329	(2)
Voltage references	331	(10)
6.14 Zener diodes	332	(3)
6.15 Bandgap (VBE) reference	335	(6)
Three-terminal and four-terminal regulators	341	(27)
6.16 Three-terminal regulators	341	(3)
6.17 Three-terminal adjustable regulators	344	(1)
6.18 Additional comments about 3-terminal regulators	345	(10)
6.19 Switching regulators and dc-dc converters	355	(13)
Special-purpose power-supply circuits	368	(16)
6.20 High-voltage regulators	368	(6)
6.21 Low-noise, low-drift supplies	374	(2)
6.22 Micropower regulators	376	(1)
6.23 Flying-capacitor (charge pump) voltage converters	377	(2)
6.24 Constant-current supplies	379	(3)
6.25 Commercial power-supply modules	382	(2)
Self-explanatory circuits	384	(7)
6.26 Circuit ideas	384	(1)
6.27 Bad circuits	384	(1)
Additional exercises	384	(7)
CHAPTER 7 PRECISION CIRCUITS AND LOW-NOISE TECHNIQUES	391	(80)
Precision op-amp design techniques	391	(30)
7.01 Precision versus dynamic range	391	(1)
7.02 Error budget	392	(1)
7.03 Example circuit: precision amplifier with automatic null offset	392	(2)
7.04 A precision-design error budget	394	(1)
7.05 Component errors	395	(1)
7.06 Amplifier input errors	396	(7)
7.07 Amplifier output errors	403	(12)
7.08 Auto-zeroing (chopper-stabilized) amplifiers	415	(6)
Differential and instrumentation amplifiers	421	(7)
7.09 Differencing amplifier	421	(4)
7.10 Standard three-op-amp instrumentation amplifier	425	(3)
Amplifier noise	428	(21)
7.11 Origins and kinds of noise	430	(3)
7.12 Signal-to-noise ratio and noise figure	433	(3)
7.13 Transistor amplifier voltage and current noise	436	(2)
7.14 Low-noise design with transistors	438	(5)
7.15 FET noise	443	(2)
7.16 Selecting low-noise transistors	445	(1)
7.17 Noise in differential and feedback amplifiers	445	(4)
Noise measurements and noise sources	449	(6)
7.18 Measurement without a noise source	449	(1)
7.19 Measurement with noise source	450	(2)
7.20 Noise and signal sources	452	(1)
7.21 Bandwidth limiting and rms voltage measurement	453	(1)
7.22 Noise potpourri	454	(1)
Interference: shielding and grounding	455	(11)
7.23 Interference	455	(2)
7.24 Signal grounds	457	(1)
7.25 Grounding between instruments	457	(9)
Self-explanatory circuits	466	(5)
7.26 Circuit ideas	466	(1)
Additional exercises	466	(5)
CHAPTER 8 DIGITAL ELECTRONICS	471	(94)
Basic logic concepts	471	(13)
8.01 Digital versus analog	471	(1)
8.02 Logic states	472	(1)
8.03 Number codes	473	(5)
8.04 Gates and truth tables	478	(2)
8.05 Discrete circuits for gates	480	(1)
8.06 Gate circuit example	481	(1)
8.07 Assertion-level logic notation	482	(2)
TTL and CMOS	484	(6)
8.08 Catalog of common gates	484	(1)
8.09 IC gate circuits	485	(1)
8.10 TTL and CMOS characteristics	486	(1)
8.11 Three-state and open-collector devices	487	(3)
Combinational logic	490	(14)
8.12 Logic identities	491	(1)
8.13 Minimization and Karnaugh maps	492	(1)
8.14 Combinational functions available as ICs	493	(7)
8.15 Implementing arbitrary truth tables	500	(4)
Sequential logic	504	(13)
8.16 Devices with memory: flipflops	504	(3)
8.17 Clocked flip-flops	507	(5)
8.18 Combining memory and gates: sequential logic	512	(3)
8.19 Synchronizer	515	(2)
Monostable multivibrators	517	(6)
8.20 One-shot characteristics	517	(2)
8.21 Monostable circuit example	519	(1)
8.22 Cautionary notes about monostables	519	(3)
8.23 Timing with counters	522	(1)
Sequential functions available as ICs	523	(21)
8.24 Latches and registers	523	(1)
8.25 Counters	524	(1)
8.26 Shift registers	525	(2)
8.27 Sequential PALs	527	(14)
8.28 Miscellaneous sequential functions	541	(3)
Some typical digital circuits	544	(7)
8.29 Modulo-n counter: a timing example	544	(2)
8.30 Multiplexed LED digital display	546	(2)
8.31 Sidereal telescope drive	548	(1)
8.32 An n-pulse generator	548	(3)
Logic pathology	551	(5)
8.33 dc problems	551	(1)
8.34 Switching problems	552	(2)
8.35 Congenital weaknesses of TTL and CMOS	554	(2)
Self-explanatory circuits	556	(9)
8.36 Circuit ideas	556	(1)
8.37 Bad circuits	556	(1)
Additional exercises	556	(9)
CHAPTER 9 DIGITAL MEETS ANALOG	565	(108)
CMOS and TTL logic interfacing	565	(34)
9.01 Logic family chronology	565	(5)
9.02 Input and output characteristics	570	(2)
9.03 Interfacing between logic families	572	(3)
9.04 Driving CMOS amd TTL inputs	575	(2)
9.05 Driving digital logic from comparators and op-amps	577	(2)
9.06 Some comments about logic inputs	579	(1)
9.07 Comparators	580	(2)
9.08 Driving external digital loads from CMOS and TTL	582	(6)
9.09 NMOS LSI interfacing	588	(2)
9.10 Opto-electronics	590	(9)
Digital signals and long wires	599	(13)
9.11 On-board interconnections	599	(2)
9.12 Intercard connections	601	(1)
9.13 Data buses	602	(1)
9.14 Driving cables	603	(9)
Analog/digital conversion	612	(24)
9.15 Introduction to A/D conversion	612	(2)
9.16 Digital-to-analog converters (DACs)	614	(4)
9.17 Time-domain (averaging) DACs	618	(1)
9.18 Multiplying DACs	619	(1)
9.19 Choosing a DAC	619	(2)
9.20 Analog-to-digital converters	621	(5)
9.21 Charge-balancing techniques	626	(4)
9.22 Some unusual A/D and D/A converters	630	(1)
9.23 Choosing an ADC	631	(5)
Some A/D conversion examples	636	(5)
9.24 16-Channel A/D data-acquisition system	636	(2)
9.25 3 1.2-Digit voltmeter	638	(2)
9.26 Coulomb meter	640	(1)
Phase-locked loops	641	(14)
9.27 Introduction to phase-locked loops	641	(5)
9.28 PLL design	646	(1)
9.29 Design example: frequency multiplier	647	(4)
9.30 PLL capture and lock	651	(1)
9.31 Some PLL applications	652	(3)
Pseudo-random bit sequences and noise generation	655	(12)
9.32 Digital noise generation	655	(1)
9.33 Feedback shift register sequences	655	(3)
9.34 Analog noise generation from maximal-length sequences	658	(1)
9.35 Power spectrum of shift register sequences	658	(2)
9.36 Low-pass filtering	660	(1)
9.37 Wrap-up	661	(3)
9.38 Digital filters	664	(3)
Self-explanatory circuits	667	(6)
9.39 Circuit ideas	667	(1)
9.40 Bad circuits	668	(1)
Additional exercises	668	(5)
CHAPTER 10 MICROCOMPUTERS	673	(70)
Minicomputers, microcomputers, and microprocessors	673	(5)
10.01 Computer architecture	674	(4)
A computer instruction set	678	(6)
10.02 Assembly language and machine language	678	(1)
10.03 Simplified 8086/8 instruction set	679	(4)
10.04 A programming example	683	(1)
Bus signals and interfacing	684	(30)
10.05 Fundamental bus signals: data, address, strobe	684	(1)
10.06 Programmed I/O: data out	685	(4)
10.07 Programmed I/O: data in	689	(1)
10.08 Programmed I/O: status registers	690	(3)
10.09 Interrupts	693	(2)
10.10 Interrupt handling	695	(2)
10.11 Interrupts in general	697	(4)
10.12 Direct memory access	701	(3)
10.13 Summary of the IBM PC's bus signals	704	(3)
10.14 Synchronous versus asynchronous bus communication	707	(1)
10.15 Other microcomputer buses	708	(3)
10.16 Connecting peripherals to the computer	711	(3)
Software system concepts	714	(5)
10.17 Programming	714	(2)
10.18 Operating systems, files, and use of memory	716	(3)
Data communications concepts	719	(24)
10.19 Serial communication and ASCII	720	(10)
10.20 Parallel communication: Centronics, SCSI, IPI, GPIB (488)	730	(4)
10.21 Local area networks	734	(2)
10.22 Interface example: hardware data packing	736	(2)
10.23 Number formats	738	(5)
CHAPTER 11 MICROPROCESSORS	743	(84)
A detailed look at the 68008	744	(16)
11.01 Registers, memory, and I/O	744	(1)
11.02 Instruction set and addressing	745	(5)
11.03 Machine-language representation	750	(3)
11.04 Bus signals	753	(7)
A complete design example: analog signal averager	760	(39)
11.05 Circuit design	760	(14)
11.06 Programming: defining the task	774	(3)
11.07 Programming: details	777	(19)
11.08 Performance	796	(1)
11.09 Some afterthoughts	797	(2)
Microprocessor support chips	799	(28)
11.10 Medium-scale integration	800	(2)
11.11 Peripheral LSI chips	802	(10)
11.12 Memory	812	(8)
11.13 Other microprocessors	820	(1)
11.14 Emulators, development systems, logic analyzers, and evaluation boards	821	(6)
CHAPTER 12 ELECTRONIC CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES	827	(36)
Prototyping methods	827	(3)
12.01 Breadboards	827	(1)
12.02 PC prototyping boards	828	(1)
12.03 Wire-Wrap panels	828	(2)
Printed circuits	830	(22)
12.04 PC board fabrication	830	(5)
12.05 PC board design	835	(3)
12.06 Stuffing PC boards	838	(2)
12.07 Some further thoughts on PC boards	840	(1)
12.08 Advanced techniques	841	(11)
Instrument construction	852	(11)
12.09 Housing circuit boards in an instrument	852	(2)
12.10 Cabinets	854	(1)
12.11 Construction hints	855	(1)
12.12 Cooling	855	(3)
12.13 Some electrical hints	858	(2)
12.14 Where to get components	860	(3)
CHAPTER 13 HIGH-FREQUENCY AND HIGH-SPEED TECHNIQUES	863	(54)
High-frequency amplifiers	863	(16)
13.01 Transistor amplifiers at high frequencies: first look	863	(1)
13.02 High-frequency amplifiers: the ac model	864	(2)
13.03 A high-frequency calculation example	866	(2)
13.04 High-frequency amplifier configurations	868	(1)
13.05 A wideband design example	869	(3)
13.06 Some refinements to the ac model	872	(1)
13.07 The shunt-series pair	872	(1)
13.08 Modular amplifiers	873	(6)
Radiofrequency circuit elements	879	(13)
13.09 Transmission lines	879	(2)
13.10 Stubs, baluns, and transformers	881	(1)
13.11 Tuned amplifiers	882	(2)
13.12 Radiofrequency circuit elements	884	(4)
13.13 Measuring amplitude or power	888	(4)
Radiofrequency communications: AM	892	(5)
13.14 Some communications concepts	892	(2)
13.15 Amplitude modulation	894	(1)
13.16 Superheterodyne receiver	895	(2)
Advanced modulation methods	897	(5)
13.17 Single sideband	897	(1)
13.18 Frequency modulation	898	(2)
13.19 Frequency-shift keying	900	(1)
13.20 Pulse-modulation schemes	900	(2)
Radiofrequency circuit tricks	902	(2)
13.21 Special construction techniques	902	(1)
13.22 Exotic RF amplifiers and devices	903	(1)
High-speed switching	904	(5)
13.23 Transistor model and equations	905	(3)
13.24 Analog modeling tools	908	(1)
Some switching-speed examples	909	(4)
13.25 High-voltage driver	909	(1)
13.26 Open-collector bus driver	910	(1)
13.27 Example: photomultiplier preamp	911	(2)
Self-explanatory circuits	913	(4)
13.28 Circuit ideas	913	(1)
Additional exercises	913	(4)
CHAPTER 14 LOW-POWER DESIGN	917	(70)
Introduction	917	(1)
14.01 Low-power applications	918	(2)
Power sources	920	(18)
14.02 Battery types	920	(11)
14.03 Wall-plug-in units	931	(1)
14.04 Solar cells	932	(1)
14.05 Signal currents	933	(5)
Power switching and micropower regulators	938	(10)
14.06 Power switching	938	(3)
14.07 Micropower regulators	941	(3)
14.08 Ground reference	944	(4)
14.09 Micropower voltage references and temperature sensors	948	(1)
Linear micropower design techniques	948	(21)
14.10 Problems of micropower linear design	950	(1)
14.11 Discrete linear design example	950	(1)
14.12 Micropower operational amplifiers	951	(14)
14.13 Micropower comparators	965	(1)
14.14 Micropower timers and oscillators	965	(4)
Micropower digital design	969	(16)
14.15 CMOS families	969	(1)
14.16 Keeping CMOS low power	970	(4)
14.17 Micropower microprocessors and peripherals	974	(4)
14.18 Microprocessor design example: degree-day logger	978	(7)
Self-explanatory circuits	985	(2)
14.19 Circuit ideas	985	(2)
CHAPTER 15 MEASUREMENTS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING	987	(56)
Overview	987	(1)
Measurement transducers	988	(28)
15.01 Temperature	988	(8)
15.02 Light level	996	(5)
15.03 Strain and displacement	1001	(3)
15.04 Acceleration, pressure, force, velocity	1004	(3)
15.05 Magnetic field	1007	(1)
15.06 Vacuum gauges	1007	(1)
15.07 Particle detectors	1008	(4)
15.08 Biological and chemical voltage probes	1012	(4)
Precision standards and precision measurements	1016	(10)
15.09 Frequency standards	1016	(3)
15.10 Frequency, period, and time-interval measurements	1019	(6)
15.11 Voltage and resistance standards and measurements	1025	(1)
Bandwidth-narrowing techniques	1026	(9)
15.12 The problem of signal-to-noise ratio	1026	(1)
15.13 Signal averaging and multichannel averaging	1026	(4)
15.14 Making a signal periodic	1030	(1)
15.15 Lock-in detection	1031	(3)
15.16 Pulse-height analysis	1034	(1)
15.17 Time-to-amplitude converters	1035	(1)
Spectrum analysis and Fourier transforms	1035	(3)
15.18 Spectrum analyzers	1035	(3)
15.19 Off-line spectrum analysis	1038	(1)
Self-explanatory circuits	1038	(5)
15.20 Circuit ideas	1038	(5)
APPENDIXES	1043	(52)
Appendix A The oscilloscope	1045	(5)
Appendix B Math review	1050	(3)
Appendix C The 5% resistor color code	1053	(1)
Appendix D 1% Precision resistors	1054	(2)
Appendix E How to draw schematic diagrams	1056	(3)
Appendix F Load lines	1059	(3)
Appendix G Transistor saturation	1062	(2)
Appendix H LC Butterworth filters	1064	(4)
Appendix I Electronics magazines and journals	1068	(1)
Appendix J IC prefixes	1069	(3)
Appendix K Data sheets	1072	(1)
2N4400-1 NPN transistor	1073	(5)
LF411-12 JFET operational amplifier	1078	(8)
LM317 3-terminal adjustable regulator	1086	(9)
Bibliography	1095	(6)
Index	1101