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Acknowledgments | p. xi |
Introduction | p. 1 |
Chapter Overview | p. 1 |
The Need for This Book | p. 1 |
Our Knowledge Society | p. 2 |
Managing for Change | p. 2 |
Knowing Your Clientele | p. 3 |
Audience | p. 4 |
Focus of the Book | p. 4 |
Overview of the Chapters | p. 5 |
Summary | p. 6 |
Reference | p. 6 |
Libraries in Society-Past and Present | p. 7 |
Chapter Overview | p. 7 |
A Brief History of Library Services | p. 7 |
The Evolution of Library Services | p. 8 |
Emergence of a New Service Paradigm | p. 9 |
The Global Information Infrastructure | p. 12 |
The Role of Library and Information Professionals in the Information Infrastructure | p. 13 |
Current Changes in Society: Implications for Information Services | p. 16 |
Levels of User-Centered Services | p. 17 |
The Influence of Technology on Information Services | p. 17 |
Summary | p. 19 |
References | p. 19 |
Suggested Reading on the History of Libraries | p. 20 |
Knowledge Systems in Society | p. 21 |
Chapter Overview | p. 21 |
Definitions | p. 21 |
Community Information and Knowledge Infrastructure | p. 23 |
Social Knowledge and Information Services | p. 27 |
Elements of a Community Knowledge Infrastructure | p. 28 |
Formal and Informal Knowledge Systems and Resources | p. 30 |
The Relationship of Information Resources to Knowledge Systems | p. 30 |
Use as the Interface of Formal and Informal Knowledge Systems | p. 31 |
Implications for Assessing Information Needs and Customizing Information Services | p. 37 |
Summary | p. 37 |
References | p. 37 |
The Theoretical Framework for Community Analysis | p. 39 |
Chapter Overview | p. 39 |
The Role of the Information Professional | p. 39 |
The Service Cycle | p. 39 |
The Diagnostic Process in Information Services | p. 41 |
The Definition of ôCommunity Analysisö | p. 43 |
Evolution of the Greer Community Analysis Model | p. 44 |
Component Parts of the CARI Model | p. 47 |
Adapting to Community Change | p. 48 |
Community Change Requires Understanding the Past and Present | p. 49 |
Social Science Theories Are Necessary for Effective Analysis of a Community | p. 50 |
The Science of the Information Professions | p. 51 |
Information Psychology | p. 52 |
The Sociology of Information | p. 53 |
Summary | p. 55 |
References | p. 56 |
Gathering Data for Decision-Making | p. 57 |
Chapter Overview | p. 57 |
Reader Studies | p. 57 |
Studies of Information Needs | p. 58 |
Environmental Scanning | p. 60 |
Community Analysis | p. 63 |
Information Use Studies | p. 64 |
The Use of Qualitative Research Methods and Intuition | p. 65 |
When To Use Surveys-and When Not To | p. 69 |
Written Questionnaires | p. 69 |
Interviews | p. 70 |
Focus Groups | p. 71 |
When Not to Use Surveys | p. 71 |
Using the Internet to Gather Community Information | p. 72 |
Using Registration Data | p. 72 |
Summary | p. 72 |
References | p. 73 |
The Information Needs of Individuals | p. 75 |
Chapter Overview | p. 75 |
Definition of Individuals | p. 75 |
Principles of Information Psychology | p. 77 |
Behavioral Processes of Information Psychology | p. 77 |
Theory Supporting Information Psychology | p. 78 |
The Environmental Context for Information Psychology | p. 79 |
Locating Data for Individuals | p. 79 |
Library Registration Files | p. 79 |
Census Data | p. 80 |
Using the Internet | p. 82 |
Summary | p. 82 |
References | p. 83 |
Studying the Information Needs of Groups | p. 85 |
Chapter Overview | p. 85 |
Identifying Groups in a Community | p. 85 |
Sources of Information | p. 87 |
Examples of Groups | p. 88 |
What You Want to Know | p. 92 |
Implications for Library and Information Services | p. 92 |
Summary | p. 93 |
Reference | p. 93 |
Studying the Information Needs of Agencies | p. 95 |
Chapter Overview | p. 95 |
Definition of Agencies | p. 95 |
Sources of Information | p. 96 |
Identifying Agencies | p. 97 |
Examples of Agencies | p. 97 |
Implications for Library and Information Services | p. 102 |
Summary | p. 103 |
References | p. 103 |
Lifestyles | p. 105 |
Chapter Overview | p. 105 |
Definition of Lifestyles | p. 105 |
Exploring Culture in a Community | p. 106 |
History | p. 107 |
Values | p. 108 |
Customs | p. 109 |
Topographical Features | p. 109 |
Climate | p. 110 |
Leisure Activities | p. 111 |
Transportation and Traffic Patterns | p. 112 |
Communication | p. 113 |
Community-ness | p. 115 |
Economic Life | p. 117 |
Social Issues | p. 118 |
Summary | p. 119 |
References | p. 120 |
Implementing a Community Analysis | p. 121 |
Chapter Overview | p. 121 |
Organizing to Gather Data | p. 121 |
Whom to Involve | p. 122 |
Organizing into Teams | p. 122 |
Community Analysis | p. 123 |
Collecting Data on Individuals, Groups, Agencies, and Lifestyles | p. 123 |
Library Resource Analysis | p. 126 |
What Do The Numbers Mean? | p. 129 |
Public Libraries | p. 129 |
School Libraries Media Centers | p. 130 |
Universities and Colleges | p. 130 |
Special Libraries | p. 131 |
Case Study | p. 131 |
Introduction to the Library District | p. 132 |
The Workshop | p. 132 |
Summary | p. 135 |
References | p. 136 |
Extrapolating Meaning from Community Analysis Data | p. 137 |
Chapter Overview | p. 137 |
What the Data Tell Us | p. 137 |
Individuals | p. 137 |
Case Study Results | p. 138 |
What the Data Mean for Library Services | p. 142 |
Groups | p. 142 |
Agencies | p. 148 |
Agencies Case Study | p. 149 |
Implications for Information Services | p. 150 |
Lifestyles | p. 151 |
Lifestyles Case Study | p. 151 |
Lifestyles Summary | p. 154 |
Map Case Study | p. 155 |
Registration File Case Study | p. 157 |
Shelf List Data Case Study | p. 157 |
A Review of the Community Analysis Process | p. 159 |
Authors' Note | p. 160 |
Chapter Summary | p. 160 |
References | p. 160 |
Planning Information Services | p. 163 |
Chapter Overview | p. 163 |
Conceptualizing Information Services | p. 163 |
Functions of Information and Library Services | p. 164 |
Information and Library Services Functions Summary | p. 173 |
Levels of Service | p. 173 |
Putting It All Together: The Role of the Professional | p. 175 |
Applying Data to Service Scenarios | p. 175 |
Summary | p. 179 |
References | p. 180 |
Issues in Implementation | p. 181 |
Chapter Overview | p. 181 |
Today's Business Environment | p. 181 |
Leading Change | p. 183 |
Implementing a System for Change | p. 184 |
Retaining Customers | p. 186 |
The Challenge Ahead | p. 186 |
References | p. 187 |
Educational Attainment for the Six Communities | p. 189 |
Brighton Businesses by Category | p. 190 |
Brighton's History | p. 191 |
Case Study Chronology | p. 193 |
Case Study Survey Questions | p. 195 |
Selected Bibliography | p. 197 |
Index | p. 201 |
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