Assessing Learners with Special Needs : An Applied Approach

by Overton, Terry

• ISBN13: 9780131179905
• ISBN10: 013117990X
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2009-01-01
• Publisher: SCHOLG

Summary

This top-selling book continues its focus of showing teachers how to do formal and informal assessments in the classroom using practical examples to explain difficult concepts. This book encourages the reader to apply the content to the activities in the book. The fifth edition of Assessing Learners with Special Needs: An Applied Approach includes the latest information on the reauthorization of IDEA, NCLB and the most recent regulations. It also includes more information on informal assessments, functional assessment and positive behavior support and intervention, as well as more discussion on culturally and linguistically diverse students. K-12 Special Education and General Education Teachers.

Table of Contents

PART 1 Introduction to Assessment	1	(90)
An Introduction	2	(34)
Assessment: A Necessary Part of Teaching	3	(2)
Traditional and Contemporary Models of Assessment	5	(7)
Prereferral	9	(3)
Problems with Traditional Assessment	12	(1)
Contemporary Model of Assessment	13	(2)
Evaluating Student Progress in the Classroom	15	(4)
Designing an Assessment Plan	19	(7)
The Comprehensive Evaluation	23	(3)
Assessing The Whole Child: Cultural Considerations	26	(3)
Chapter Summary	29	(2)
References	31	(5)
Laws, Ethics, and Issues	36	(55)
The Law: Public Law 94-142 and IDEA	37	(3)
IDEA and Assessment	40	(10)
Initial Evaluations	40	(1)
Parental Consent	41	(2)
Nondiscriminatory Assessment	43	(7)
Evaluating Children with Specific Learning Disabilities	50	(1)
Meeting the Needs of Persons with Attention Disorders	51	(1)
IEP Team Evaluation	51	(4)
Determining Eligibility	55	(2)
Parent Participation	57	(1)
Developing the Individualized Education Program	57	(5)
Transition Services	62	(1)
Due Process	63	(1)
Impartial Due Process Hearing	64	(1)
Section 504	65	(2)
Research and Issues Concerning Idea	67	(2)
Issues of Nondiscriminatory Assessment	69	(4)
The Multidisciplinary Team and the Decision-Making Process	73	(1)
Least Restrictive Environment	73	(3)
Impartial Hearings	76	(1)
Ethics and Standards	77	(6)
Chapter Summary	83	(3)
References	86	(5)
PART 2 Technical Prerequisites of Understanding Assessment	91	(54)
Descriptive Statistics	92	(24)
Why Is Measurement Important?	93	(2)
Getting Meaning from Numbers	95	(1)
Review of Numerical Scales	95	(1)
Descriptive Statistics	96	(1)
Measures of Central Tendency	97	(1)
Average Performance	98	(4)
Measures of Dispersion	102	(4)
Standard Deviation	105	(1)
Standard Deviation and the Normal Distribution	106	(1)
Mean Differences	106	(1)
Skewed Distributions	107	(1)
Types of Scores	108	(6)
References	114	(2)
Reliability and Validity	116	(29)
Reliability and Validity in Assessment	117	(1)
Correlation	118	(4)
Positive Correlation	118	(2)
Negative Correlation	120	(1)
No Correlation	121	(1)
Methods of Measuring Reliability	122	(3)
Test-Retest Reliability	122	(1)
Equivalent Forms of Reliability	123	(1)
Internal Consistency Measures	124	(1)
Interrater Reliability	125	(1)
Which Type of Reliability Is the Best?	125	(1)
Reliability for Different Groups	126	(1)
Standard Error of Measurement	126	(7)
Estimated True Scores	133	(2)
Test Validity	135	(4)
Criterion Related Validity	135	(1)
Content Validity	136	(1)
Construct Validity	137	(1)
Validity of Tests versus Validity of Test Use	138	(1)
Reliability versus Validity	139	(3)
References	142	(3)
PART 3 Assessing Students	145	(254)
Curriculum-Based Assessment and Other Informal Measures	146	(44)
Curriculum-Based Measurement	147	(12)
How to Construct and Administer Curriculum-Based Measurements	148	(8)
Review of Research on Curriculum-Based Measurement	156	(3)
Cautions	159	(1)
Criterion-Referenced Assessment	159	(7)
The Brigance Inventories	160	(4)
Teacher-Made Criterion-Referenced Tests	164	(2)
Task Analysis and Error Analysis	166	(2)
Teacher-Made Tests	168	(1)
Other Informal Methods of Academic Assessment	169	(13)
Informal Assessment of Reading	172	(2)
Informal Assessment of Mathematics	174	(1)
Informal Assessment of Spelling	175	(1)
Informal Assessment of Written Language	175	(2)
Performance Assessment and Authentic Assessment	177	(1)
Portfolio Assessment	178	(4)
Informal and Formal Assessment Methods	182	(1)
Problems of Norm-Referenced Assessment	182	(3)
References	185	(5)
Assessment of Behavior	190	(38)
Requirements of the 1997 IDEA Amendments	191	(2)
Functional Behavioral Assessments	193	(7)
Direct Observation Techniques	194	(1)
Antecedents	195	(1)
Anecdotal Recording	195	(1)
Event Recording	196	(1)
Time Sampling	197	(2)
Interval Recording	199	(1)
Duration Recording	199	(1)
Latency Recording	199	(1)
Interresponse Time	200	(1)
Structured Classroom Observations	200	(2)
Child Behavior Checklist: Direct Observation Form, Revised Edition	200	(2)
Other Techniques for Assessing Behavior	202	(9)
Checklists and Rating Scales	202	(5)
Questionnaires and Interviews	207	(1)
Sociograms	208	(1)
Ecological Assessment	208	(3)
Projective Assessment Techniques	211	(5)
Sentence Completion Tests	211	(1)
Drawing Test	212	(2)
Apperception Tests	214	(2)
Computerized Assessment of Attention Disorders	216	(1)
Continuous Performance Test	216	(1)
Conners Continuous Performance Test	217	(1)
Research and Issues	217	(6)
References	223	(5)
An Introduction to Norm-Referenced Assessment	228	(26)
How Norm-Referenced Tests are Constructed	229	(4)
Basic Steps in Test Administration	233	(10)
Beginning Testing	234	(1)
Calculating Chronological Age	235	(3)
Calculating Raw Scores	238	(1)
Determining Basals and Ceilings	238	(3)
Using Information on Protocols	241	(1)
Administering Tests: for Best Results	241	(2)
Obtaining Derived Scores	243	(1)
Types of Scores	243	(2)
Groups Testing: High-Stakes Assessment	245	(4)
Accommodations in High-Stakes Testing	247	(1)
Alternate Assessment	248	(1)
Issues in High-Stakes Testing	249	(1)
Chapter Summary	249	(2)
References	251	(3)
Academic Assessment	254	(56)
Achievement Tests	255	(1)
Standardized Norm-Referenced Tests versus Curriculum-Based Assessment	256	(1)
Review of Achievement Tests	256	(22)
Woodcock-Johnson III Tests of Achievement (WJ III)	257	(5)
Peabody Individual Achievement Test-Revised (PIAT-R)	262	(1)
Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement, 2nd Edition (K-TEA-II)	263	(7)
Wechsler Individual Achievement Test, Second Edition (WIAT-II)	270	(2)
Wide Range Achievement Test-Revision 3 (WRAT3)	272	(2)
Woodcock-McGrew-Werder Mini-Battery of Achievement	274	(1)
Research and Issues	275	(3)
Selecting Academic Achievement Tests	278	(3)
Diagnostic Testing	281	(1)
Review of Diagnostic Tests	281	(12)
Keymath-Revised	281	(5)
Woodcock Reading Mastery Tests-Revised (WRMT-R)	286	(4)
Process Assessment of the Learner: Test Battery for Reading and Writing (PAL-RW)	290	(3)
Other Diagnostic Tests	293	(2)
Gray Oral Reading Tests-Fourth Edition (GORT-4)	293	(1)
Test of Reading Comprehension-Third Edition (TORC-3)	294	(1)
Test of Written Language-3 (TOWL-3)	294	(1)
Test of Written Spelling-4 (TWS-4)	295	(1)
Assessing Other Language Areas	295	(4)
Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test-Third Edition (PPVT-III)	295	(2)
Test of Language Development-Primary: Third Edition (TOLD-P:3)	297	(1)
Test of Language Development-Intermediate: Third Edition (TOLD-I:3)	297	(1)
Test of Adolescent and Adult Language--Third Edition (TOAL-3)	298	(1)
Selecting Diagnostic Instruments	299	(1)
Research and Issues	299	(7)
References	306	(4)
Measures of Intelligence and Adaptive Behavior	310	(48)
Measuring Intelligence	311	(1)
The Meaning of Intelligence Testing	312	(1)
Alternative Views of Intellectual Assessment	313	(3)
Litigation and Intelligence Testing	316	(1)
Use of Intelligence Tests	317	(1)
Review of Intelligence Tests	318	(16)
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition	319	(5)
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third Edition	324	(1)
Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, Second Edition	325	(1)
Stanford-Binet, Fifth Edition	326	(2)
Woodcock-Johnson III Tests of Cognitive Abilities	328	(1)
Detroit Tests of Learning Aptitude-4 (DTLA-4)	328	(1)
Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test (KBIT)	329	(1)
Universal Nonverbal Intelligence Test	330	(3)
Comprehensive Test of Nonverbal Intelligence (CTONI)	333	(1)
Test of Nonverbal Intelligence-Third Edition (TONI-3)	334	(1)
Research on Intelligence Measures	334	(3)
Assessing Adaptive Behavior	337	(2)
Review of Adaptive Behavior Scales	339	(4)
Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales	340	(1)
AAMR Adaptive Behavior Scale-School, Second Edition (ABS-S2)	341	(2)
Adaptive Behavior Inventory (ABI)	343	(1)
Intelligence and Adaptive Behavior: Concluding Remarks	343	(9)
References	352	(6)
Special Considerations of Assessment in Early Childhood and Transition	358	(41)
Legal Guidelines of Early Childhood Education	359	(1)
Infants, Toddlers, and Young Children	360	(1)
Eligibility	360	(1)
Evaluation and Assessment Procedures	361	(1)
Issues and Questions About Serving Infants and Toddlers	362	(2)
Methods of Early-Childhood Assessment	364	(1)
Assessment of Infants	364	(2)
Assessments of Toddlers and Young Children	366	(9)
Mullen Scales of Early Learning: AGS Edition	366	(1)
The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, Third Edition	367	(3)
AGS Early Screening Profiles	370	(2)
Kaufman Survey of Early Academic and Language Skills (K-SEALS)	372	(1)
Brigance Screens	373	(1)
Developmental Indicators for the Assessment of Learning-Third Edition (DIAL-3)	374	(1)
Techniques and Trends in Infant and Early-Childhood Assessment	375	(3)
Other Considerations in Assessing Very Young Children	378	(2)
Phonemic Awareness	380	(3)
Transition and Postsecondary Considerations	383	(4)
Assessment of Transition Needs	385	(1)
Transition Planning Inventory (TPI)	386	(1)
Assessing Functional Academics	387	(6)
Kaufman Functional Assessment Skills Test (K-FAST)	390	(3)
Research and Issues Related to Transition Planning and Assessment	393	(2)
References	395	(4)
PART 4 Interpretation of Assessment Results	399	(34)
Interpreting Assessment for Educational Intervention	400	(33)
Interpreting Test Results for Educational Decisions	402	(1)
The Art of Interpreting Test Results	403	(4)
Intelligence and Adaptive Behavior Test Results	406	(1)
Educational Achievement and Diagnostic Test Results	407	(1)
Writing Test Results	407	(8)
Writing Educational Objectives	415	(2)
IEP Team Meeting Results	416	(1)
SUE'S IEP	416	(1)
Reevaluations	417	(14)
References	431	(2)
Appendix Key to End-of-Chapter Exercises	433	(8)
Name Index	441	(8)
Subject Index	449