The Australian People: An Encyclopedia of the Nation, its People and their Origins

by Edited by James Jupp

• ISBN13: 9780521807890
• ISBN10: 0521807891
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2002-01-21
• Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Summary

Documenting the dramatic history of Australian settlement, this monumental work describes the rich ethnic and cultural inheritance of the nation through the contributions of its people. It is one of the largest reference works of its kind, with approximately 250 contributors and almost one million words. Profusely illustrated in color and black-and- white, the book is both a comprehensive encyclopedia and a survey of the controversial debates about citizenship and multiculturalism now that Australia has attained the centenary of its federation. A first edition, which appeared in 1988, quickly became recognized as the standard reference and for many smaller ethnic groups, the only reliable resource. This new edition incorporates data from the 1996 Census, gives greater weight to immigrants from outside Europe, and provides some fascinating essays on "Building a Nation" in the final section. This unique reference will appeal to a general and an academic audience. It will be a lasting resource within Australia as well as internationally.

Author Biography

James Jupp is the Director of the Centre for Immigration and Multicultural Studies at the Australian National University. He is a fellow of the Australian Academy of Social Sciences and its former executive officer.

Table of Contents

List of Figures, Maps and Tables	xi
Metric Conversions	xiii
Note to the Reader	xiv
List of Contributors	xv
Introduction	1	(2)
Part I The Peopling of Australia	3	(84)
The Indigenous People	4	(12)
Aboriginal Origins	4	(2)
Aboriginal Australia	6	(3)
Aborigines and European Contact	9	(7)
The Convict Period	16	(19)
British and Irish Convicts	16	(6)
Non-British Convicts	22	(3)
Free Settlers before 1851	25	(5)
Convict and Free Immigrant Women before 1851	30	(5)
Imperial Settlement	35	(27)
Arrival and Settlement 1851-1880	35	(4)
Immigration Policy before Federation	39	(5)
The White Australia Policy	44	(5)
Settlement 1881-1914	49	(4)
Assisted Female Immigration 1860-1920	53	(3)
Inter-War British Migration to Australia	56	(3)
Child Migration	59	(3)
Immigration since the Second World War	62	(25)
Post-War British Immigration	62	(3)
Post-War non-British Migration	65	(5)
Immigration Policies 1945-1949	70	(2)
Bonegilla Reception and Training Centre	72	(2)
The General Heintzelman and the Kanimbla	74	(1)
Changes in Immigration Patterns since 1972	75	(3)
The Ethnic Character of the Australian Population	78	(9)
Part II Indigenous Australians	87	(76)
Society and Culture	88	(27)
Demographic and Social History	88	(5)
Aboriginal Languages since 1788	93	(4)
Visual Arts	97	(4)
Music and Dance	101	(7)
Oral Culture	108	(2)
Tasmanian Aborigines	110	(5)
Politics and the Law	115	(20)
The Legal Status of Aborigines	115	(6)
Aboriginal Politics	121	(6)
Aboriginal Political Objectives	127	(5)
Aboriginal Land Rights	132	(3)
The Indigenous and Australian Society	135	(28)
The Economic Status of Indigenous Australians	135	(6)
The Pastoral Industry	141	(4)
Aboriginal Urbanisation	145	(3)
Aboriginal Education	148	(4)
Indigenous Health	152	(5)
Aboriginal Women	157	(3)
The Torres Strait Islanders	160	(3)
Part III The Settlers	163	(588)
Afghans	164	(1)
Africans	165	(1)
Albanians	165	(2)
Americans (United States)	167	(3)
Arabs	170	(1)
Argentinians	170	(2)
Armenians	172	(2)
Asians	174	(1)
Assyrians	174	(2)
Austrians	176	(5)
Basques	181	(2)
Belarusans	183	(2)
Belgians	185	(1)
Bengalis	186	(1)
Bosnians	186	(1)
Brazilians	187	(1)
Bulgarians	188	(1)
Burmese	189	(2)
Cambodians (Khmer)	191	(1)
Canadians	192	(2)
Channel Islanders	194	(1)
Chileans	195	(2)
Chinese	197	(28)
Chinese Immigration 1840s-1890s	197	(7)
Chinese in White Australia 1901-1950	204	(2)
Chinese in New South Wales since the 1960s	206	(4)
Chinese in Queensland	210	(3)
Chinese in Western Australia	213	(2)
Chinese in Modern Australia	215	(6)
Hong Kong Chinese	221	(1)
Chinese Students in Australia	222	(3)
Christmas Islanders	225	(1)
Cocos Islanders	225	(1)
Colombians	226	(1)
Cook Islanders	226	(1)
Cornish	227	(8)
Croatians	235	(16)
Early Croatian Settlement in Eastern Australia	235	(4)
Early Croatian Settlement in Victoria	239	(2)
Croatians in Western Australia	241	(2)
Croatian Migration since 1970	243	(3)
Croatian Australians Today	246	(3)
Recent Victorian Croatians	249	(2)
Czechs	251	(1)
Danes	252	(4)
Druse	256	(1)
Dutch	256	(17)
Early Dutch Contacts	256	(2)
The Condition of the Netherlands 1940-1970	258	(1)
Post-War Dutch Immigration	259	(6)
The Dutch in Australia	265	(5)
Dutch Settlement in Tasmania	270	(2)
The Dutch in Western Australia	272	(1)
East Africans of European Descent	273	(1)
Ecuadorans	273	(1)
Egyptians	274	(1)
English	275	(69)
The Condition of England 1780-1850	275	(4)
English Convicts	279	(3)
English Free Settlers 1788-1850	282	(3)
The Condition of England 1851-1920	285	(3)
Migration from Eastern England	288	(2)
Migration from Cambridgeshire	290	(3)
Migration from London and the South-East	293	(4)
Migration from the Midlands	297	(3)
Migration from Northern England	300	(3)
Migration from the South-West	303	(4)
English Settlement in Newcastle and the Hunter Valley	307	(4)
Assisted English Settlement 1918-1939	311	(3)
Post-War English Immigrants	314	(2)
Post-War English Settlers in Adelaide and Perth	316	(5)
The Church of England	321	(4)
Nonconformists	325	(3)
English Institutions Transplanted and Transformed	328	(5)
English Influences on Australian Politics	333	(5)
English Influences on Australian Culture and Sport	338	(6)
Eritreans	344	(1)
Estonians	345	(2)
Ethiopians	347	(1)
Fijians	348	(1)
Filipinos	349	(4)
Finns	353	(2)
French	355	(5)
Germans	360	(27)
German Settlement in South Australia until 1914	360	(5)
Pre-War German Settlement in Eastern Australia	365	(4)
German Settlement in Queensland 1938-1939	369	(1)
Germans in Australia During the First World War	370	(2)
Inter-War German Community Life	372	(3)
Templers	375	(2)
Post-War German Immigration	377	(2)
German Culture	379	(6)
German Language	385	(2)
Greeks	387	(33)
Greek Settlement until 1940	387	(5)
Post-War Greek Immigration	392	(3)
Greek Community Life in Sydney	395	(4)
The Greeks of Melbourne	399	(2)
Greeks in South Australia	401	(4)
Greeks in Western Australia	405	(2)
Greeks in the Northern Territory	407	(1)
The Greek Orthodox Church	408	(2)
The Greek Cultural Presence	410	(7)
Greek Macedonians	417	(2)
Greek Cypriots	419	(1)
Hmong	420	(1)
Hungarians	421	(4)
Icelanders	425	(1)
Indians	426	(13)
Indian Society and Culture	426	(5)
Indians in Eastern Australia	431	(3)
Anglo Indians	434	(4)
Fiji Indians	438	(1)
Indonesians	439	(2)
Iranians	441	(2)
Irish	443	(43)
The Condition of Ireland	443	(4)
Irish Convicts	447	(4)
Irish Immigration 1840-1914	451	(5)
Irish Women Immigrants in the Nineteenth Century	456	(3)
The Irish Character of the Australian Catholic Church	459	(4)
Irish-Protestant Settlement	463	(2)
Anglo-Irish	465	(2)
Irish in Victoria in the Nineteenth Century	467	(4)
Irish in New South Wales 1835-1886	471	(3)
Irish in Australian Politics	474	(4)
Irish Influence on Australian Culture	478	(2)
Irish Immigration after 1945	480	(4)
Emigration from Independent Ireland to Australia 1922-1970	484	(1)
Modern Irish in Western Australia	485	(1)
Italians	486	(36)
Italian Settlement until 1914	486	(3)
Italian Pioneers	489	(1)
Italians in North Queensland	490	(2)
Italians in Western Australia	492	(3)
Italians in South Australia	495	(2)
Italians in the Riverina	497	(2)
Italians in the Canberra Region	499	(1)
Italian Immigrants 1920-1945	500	(5)
Post-War Italian Immigration	505	(4)
Italian Culture and Language	509	(2)
Italian Community Life in Sydney	511	(5)
Italian Community Life in Melbourne	516	(6)
Japanese	522	(3)
Jews	525	(22)
Early Jewish Settlement 1788-1880	525	(3)
Jewish Immigration 1881-1933	528	(4)
The Jewish Contribution to Australian Elites	532	(2)
Jewish Refugee and Post-War Immigration	534	(5)
Jews in Australia in the Twentieth Century	539	(4)
Soviet Jews in Australia	543	(4)
Khmer	547	(1)
Koreans	547	(2)
Kurds	549	(1)
Laotians	550	(2)
Latin Americans	552	(1)
Latvians	552	(2)
Lebanese	554	(15)
Lebanese Immigration until the 1970s	554	(5)
The Condition of Lebanon since 1958	559	(2)
Lebanese since 1970	561	(3)
Muslim Lebanese	564	(3)
Lebanese Community Life in Melbourne	567	(2)
Lithuanians	569	(2)
Macedonians	571	(7)
Maghrebis	578	(1)
Malays	579	(1)
Maltese	580	(10)
Early Maltese Immigration	580	(2)
Maltese Settlement in Sydney	582	(2)
Maltese Settlement in Melbourne	584	(2)
Maltese Community Life in Australia	586	(4)
Manx	590	(1)
Maoris	591	(1)
Mauritians	592	(5)
Mongolians	597	(1)
Montenegrins	598	(1)
Muslims	599	(3)
Nepalese	602	(1)
New Zealanders	602	(6)
Norwegians	608	(2)
Pacific Islanders	610	(5)
South Sea Islanders in Australia after 1906	612	(1)
Other Pacific Islanders	613	(2)
Pakistanis	615	(1)
Palestinians	616	(1)
Papua New Guineans	617	(1)
Paraguayans	618	(1)
Peruvians	619	(1)
Pitcairn Islanders	620	(1)
Poles	621	(11)
Early Polish Contacts and Settlement	621	(2)
Post-War Polish Refugees	623	(2)
Polish Press and Organisations in Australia	625	(1)
Polish Community Life in Australia	626	(1)
Recent Polish Immigration	627	(1)
Polish Culture and Language	628	(4)
Portuguese	632	(1)
Roma	633	(2)
Romanians	635	(1)
Russians	636	(6)
Salvadorans	642	(1)
Samoans	643	(1)
Scots	644	(30)
The Transformation of Scotland 1788-1860	644	(2)
Lowland Scottish Immigration until 1860	646	(3)
Highland and Gaelic Immigrants	649	(6)
The Scottish Character of the Australian Presbyterian Churches	655	(4)
Scottish Recruitment to Australian Elites	659	(6)
Scottish Immigration 1861-1945	665	(3)
Post-War Scottish Immigration	668	(6)
Serbs	674	(7)
Seychellois	681	(1)
Sikhs	681	(1)
Singaporeans	682	(2)
Sinhalese	684	(1)
Slovaks	685	(1)
Slovenes	686	(1)
Solomon Islanders	687	(1)
Somalis	687	(1)
Southern Africans	688	(2)
Spanish	690	(2)
Sri Lankans	692	(3)
Sudanese	695	(1)
Swedes	695	(3)
Swiss	698	(2)
Taiwanese	700	(1)
Tamils	701	(2)
Tatars	703	(1)
Thais	704	(1)
Tibetans	705	(1)
Timorese	705	(3)
Tongans	708	(1)
Turks	709	(7)
Ukrainians	716	(3)
Uruguayans	719	(2)
Vietnamese	721	(16)
The Condition of Vietnam 1945-2000	721	(1)
Vietnamese Refugees in Australia	722	(3)
Vietnamese Community Life	725	(3)
A Profile of the Vietnamese in Australia	728	(3)
Vietnamese Life in Sydney	731	(2)
Vietnamese Life in Melbourne	733	(4)
Vlach	737	(1)
Welsh	737	(6)
Welsh Patagonians	743	(1)
Wends (Sorbs)	744	(1)
West Africans	745	(1)
West Indians	745	(1)
Yugoslavs	746	(5)
Part IV Building a Nation	751	(106)
Assimilation and Integration	752	(3)
The Term `Australian'	755	(2)
Australian Nationhood	757	(5)
Citizenship in Australia	762	(2)
Concept of `the Australian'	764	(5)
Cultural Diversity	769	(5)
Economics of Immigration	774	(5)
Human Rights in Australia	779	(3)
Public Policy towards Immigrants	782	(3)
Language Policy in Australia	785	(7)
The Legal Status of Immigrants and Refugees	792	(4)
The Making of the Anglo-Australian	796	(7)
The Mass Media, Immigration and Indigenous Issues	803	(4)
Multiculturalism in Australia	807	(4)
Multicultural Literature	811	(1)
The Origins of Multiculturalism	812	(3)
National Identity	815	(3)
Productive Diversity	818	(6)
Public Opinion on Immigration	824	(2)
Racial Discrimination	826	(3)
Refugees	829	(5)
Political Representation	834	(6)
Reconciliation	840	(3)
Republicanism	843	(4)
Settlement Policies since 1946	847	(7)
Social Provision	854	(3)
Appendix 1: Birthplaces, Languages and Religion	857	(2)
Appendix 2: Chronology	859	(9)
Bibliography	868	(63)
Index	931