Autocad 2007 3-d Modeling

by Kalameja, Alan J.

• ISBN13: 9781418049041
• ISBN10: 1418049042
• Edition: 5th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-08-24
• Publisher: Cengage Learning

Summary

This completely up-to-date book is the perfect means for learning to use the three-dimensional capabilities of AutoCADr 2007!

Table of Contents

How to Use This Book	xvii
The Book's CD-ROM	xviii
Style Conventions	xviii
Acknowledgments	xix
3D Autocad	1	(20)
Differences Between 3D and 2D	1	(1)
Some Frequently Used 3D Terms	2	(4)
Model	2	(1)
Wireframe Model	3	(1)
Surface Model	3	(1)
Solid Model	4	(1)
Rendering	5	(1)
Reasons for Using 3D	6	(1)
3D Capabilities of Autocad	7	(1)
3D Limitations of Autocad	8	(3)
3D Application Areas	11	(7)
Mechanical Design	11	(1)
Architectural	12	(1)
Aircraft and Aerospace	12	(1)
Naval	13	(1)
Piping and Plant Design	14	(1)
Plastics Technology	14	(1)
Manufactured Toy Products	15	(1)
Arts and Entertainment	16	(1)
Heavy Construction Equipment	16	(1)
Robotics	17	(1)
Chapter Review	18	(3)
Working in 3D Space	21	(68)
3D Templates	21	(2)
Working in Dedicated Workspaces	23	(2)
3D Modeling Workspace	23	(1)
Using the Dashboard	24	(1)
3D Coordinate Systems	25	(1)
The Right-Hand Rule	26	(1)
Model Space Compared to Paper Space	27	(1)
Specifying Points in 3D Space	28	(1)
Pointing Devices	28	(1)
Entering X,Y,Z Absolute Coordinates	28	(1)
Entering X,Y,Z Relative Coordinates	28	(1)
Using Point Filters	28	(1)
The Role of the User Coordinate System	29	(1)
The User Coordinate System Icon	30	(2)
The Ucsicon Dialog Box	32	(2)
On	33	(1)
Off	33	(1)
All	33	(1)
Noorigin	33	(1)
Origin	33	(1)
Properties	34	(1)
Orienting Models in 3D Space	34	(2)
Viewing Models in 3D Space	36	(1)
Methods of Viewing Models	36	(4)
Viewing with Free Orbit	38	(1)
Viewing with Constrained Orbit	39	(1)
Viewing with Continuous Orbit	39	(1)
Viewing with 3DSWIVEL	39	(1)
Additional Options of the Orbit Commands	40	(1)
The View Manager Dialog Box	40	(1)
Using Preset Views	41	(1)
Try It! -- Specifying 3D Points and Viewing a Model	42	(4)
The Plan Command	46	(1)
Current UCS	46	(1)
UCS	46	(1)
World	46	(1)
User Coordinate Systems	47	(1)
The UCS Command	47	(9)
Origin	49	(1)
FAce	49	(1)
NAmed	50	(1)
Object	51	(1)
Previous	52	(1)
View	52	(1)
World	52	(1)
X/Y/Z	52	(1)
ZAxis	53	(1)
Additional Options of the UCS Command	54	(2)
Try It! -- Using the UCS Command	56	(5)
The UCS Dialog Box	61	(3)
Named UCSs	61	(1)
Orthographic UCSs	62	(1)
Settings	63	(1)
Multiple Tiled Viewports	64	(4)
Characteristics of Tiled Viewports	65	(1)
Using Tiled Viewports	66	(1)
Viewports and the UCS	67	(1)
The Viewports Dialog Box	68	(6)
New Viewports	68	(1)
Standard Viewports	69	(1)
Preview	69	(1)
New Name	69	(1)
Apply To	69	(1)
Setup	69	(1)
Change View To	70	(1)
Named Viewports	71	(1)
Command Line Options	71	(1)
Join	72	(2)
Try It! -- Constructing a 3D Wireframe Model	74	(8)
Command Review	82	(1)
System Variable Review	83	(1)
Chapter Problems	84	(2)
Chapter Review	86	(3)
Building Wireframe Models	89	(76)
Building Wireframe Models	89	(2)
2D Objects in 3D Space	91	(1)
Point	91	(1)
Line	91	(1)
Circle	91	(1)
Arc	91	(1)
Polyline	91	(1)
Hatch	92	(1)
Modifying 2D Objects in 3D Space	92	(7)
Move and Copy	93	(1)
Mirror	93	(1)
Rotate	94	(1)
Array	94	(1)
Break	95	(1)
Fillet and Chamfer	95	(1)
Extend and Trim	96	(3)
Specialized 3D Modification Commands	99	(1)
Using the 3DMove Command	100	(1)
The 3Drotate Command	101	(1)
Try It! -- Using the 3Drotate Command	102	(2)
The Align Command	104	(1)
Try It! -- Using the Align Command With One Pair of Points	104	(1)
Try It! -- Using the Align Command With Two Pairs of Points	105	(2)
Try It! -- Using the Align Command With Three Pairs of Points	107	(1)
The 3Dalign Command	108	(1)
Try It! -- Using the 3Dalign Command	108	(2)
The Mirror3D Command	110	(2)
3points	110	(1)
Plane by Object	111	(1)
Last	111	(1)
ZAxis	111	(1)
View	111	(1)
XY/YZ/ZX	111	(1)
Try It! -- Using the Mirror3D Command With the 3Points Option	112	(1)
Try It! -- Using the Mirror3D Command With the Object Option	113	(1)
Try It! -- Using the Mirror3D Command With the Zaxis Option	113	(1)
The 3Darray Command	114	(1)
3D Rectangular Arrays	114	(1)
Try It! -- Creating a 3D Rectangular Array	114	(2)
3D Polar Arrays	115	(1)
Try It! -- Creating a 3D Polar Array	116	(1)
3D Curves in 3D Space	116	(1)
The 3Dpoly Command	117	(1)
Endpoint of Line	117	(1)
Undo	117	(1)
Close	117	(1)
Creating a Helix	118	(1)
Try It! -- Creating a 2D, 3D, and Spiral Helix	118	(7)
Applying the PEDIT Command to 3D Polylines	120	(1)
Close/Open	120	(1)
Edit Vertex	121	(2)
Spline Curve	123	(1)
Decurve	124	(1)
Undo	124	(1)
eXit	124	(1)
Spline Curve Basics	125	(3)
The Spline Command	128	(3)
First Point	129	(2)
Object	131	(1)
The Splframe Variable	131	(1)
Try It! -- Drawing a 2D Open Spline	132	(2)
Try It! -- Wireframe Model of a Display or Monitor Enclosure	134	(5)
The Splinedit Command	139	(9)
Fit Data	140	(4)
Close	144	(1)
Open	145	(1)
Move Vertex	145	(1)
Refine	146	(2)
rEverse	148	(1)
Undo	148	(1)
Try It! -- Editing a Spline	148	(2)
Try It! -- Sheet Metal Part	150	(4)
Try It! -- Boat Hull	154	(2)
Command Review	156	(1)
System Variable Review	157	(1)
Chapter Problems	158	(4)
Chapter Review	162	(3)
Surface Models	165	(102)
Surface Modeling	165	(2)
Commands for Creating Surfaces	166	(1)
Characteristics of Autocad Surfaces	167	(3)
Extruded Surfaces	168	(2)
Creating Extruded Surfaces	170	(1)
Try It! -- Creating Extruded Surfaces	170	(1)
Extruding Polylines	171	(1)
Try It! -- Surface Model Table	171	(3)
Planar Surfaces	174	(1)
The Planesurf Command	174	(1)
Try It! -- Surface Model Table	175	(1)
The 3Dface Command	175	(3)
Try It! -- Creating 3D Faces	178	(2)
Try It! -- Surfacing a Wireframe Model With 3D Faces	180	(6)
Adding 3D Faces to the Monitor Enclosure	182	(1)
Constructing the Walls of a Room	183	(3)
Modifying Planar Surfaces	186	(1)
The Edge Command	187	(2)
Select Edge	187	(1)
Display	187	(2)
Revolving to Create a Surface	189	(1)
Revolving Polylines	189	(1)
Polygon Mesh Surfaces	190	(2)
The Rulesurf Command	192	(2)
Try It! -- Adding Ruled Surfaces to the Monitor Enclosure	194	(2)
Try It! -- Creating the Table Legs	196	(2)
The Tabsurf Command	198	(2)
Try It! -- Experimenting With Tabsurf	200	(3)
Window Casing	201	(2)
The Revsurf Command	203	(3)
Try It! -- Creating a Revolved Surface	206	(1)
Try It! -- Adding Revolved Surfaces to the Monitor Enclosure	207	(5)
Lamp and Teapot	208	(4)
The Edgesurf Command	212	(1)
Try It! -- Using Edgesurf on the Monitor Enclosure	213	(8)
Boat Hull	215	(3)
Teapot Spout and Handle	218	(3)
The 3DMesh Command	221	(1)
Try It! -- Using the 3DMesh Command	222	(1)
Modifying Polygon Mesh Surfaces	223	(1)
The Pedit Command	224	(5)
Edit Vertex	225	(1)
Smooth Surface	226	(1)
Desmooth Surface	226	(1)
Mclose/Mopen	227	(1)
Nclose/Nopen	227	(1)
Undo	227	(2)
Try It! -- Smoothing a 3D Mesh	229	(1)
Viewing 3D Surfaces	230	(1)
The Hide Command	230	(3)
Working with Visual Styles	233	(1)
2D Wireframe	234	(1)
3D Wireframe Visual Style	235	(1)
Hidden Visual Style	235	(1)
Realistic Visual Style	236	(1)
Conceptual Visual Style	236	(1)
Creating a Custom Visual Style	237	(6)
Visual Style Settings	239	(1)
Controlling Visual Style from the Dashboard	240	(3)
Creating Cameras	243	(3)
Working With Clipping Planes	246	(1)
Creating Perspective Views	247	(1)
Try It! -- Room Views	248	(4)
Try It! -- Constructing an Air Inlet Surface Model	252	(2)
Command Review	254	(2)
System Variable Review	256	(1)
Chapter Problems	257	(7)
Chapter Review	264	(3)
Creating Solid Primitives	267	(68)
Solid Modeling	267	(2)
Regions	269	(2)
Regions and Surfaces	271	(1)
Primitive 3D Solids	272	(1)
Solid Modeling Commands	273	(2)
The Box Command	275	(3)
Corner of Box	275	(1)
Center	276	(2)
Try It! -- Constructing a Solid Box	278	(1)
The Wedge Command	279	(3)
Corner of Wedge	280	(1)
Center	281	(1)
Try It! -- Constructing a Solid Wedge	282	(1)
The Cylinder Command	283	(4)
Center Point	283	(2)
3P/2P/Ttr	285	(1)
Elliptical	285	(2)
Try It! -- Constructing a Solid Cylinder	287	(1)
The Cone Command	288	(4)
Center Point	289	(2)
3P/2P/Ttr	291	(1)
Elliptical	291	(1)
Try It! -- Constructing a Solid Cone	292	(2)
Creating a Pyramid	294	(1)
Edge	294	(1)
Sides	294	(1)
Circumscribed	294	(1)
Inscribed	294	(1)
Try It! -- Constructing a Pyramid	295	(1)
The Sphere Command	296	(1)
Center Point	296	(1)
3P/2P/Ttr	297	(1)
Try It! -- Constructing a Solid Sphere	297	(1)
The Torus Command	298	(2)
Center Point	299	(1)
3P/2P/Ttr	300	(1)
Try It! -- Constructing a Solid Torus	300	(1)
Profile-Based Solids	301	(2)
Profile Objects	301	(2)
The Revolve Command	303	(5)
Start Point of Axis	304	(1)
Objects	304	(1)
X	305	(1)
Y	305	(1)
Z	305	(3)
The Extrude Command	308	(4)
Height of Extrusion	308	(1)
Taper Angle	309	(1)
Path	309	(3)
Creating a Solid by Sweeping	312	(3)
Alignment	312	(1)
Base Point	313	(1)
Scale	313	(1)
Twist	314	(1)
Try It! -- Constructing a Solid by Sweeping	315	(1)
Sweep and Helix Applications	316	(1)
Try It! -- Using Sweep and Helix Applications	316	(1)
Creating a Solid by Lofting	317	(5)
Guides	317	(1)
Path	318	(1)
Cross Sections Only	319	(1)
Loft Settings Dialog Box	319	(1)
Normal To Settings	319	(3)
Try It! -- Constructing a Solid by Lofting	322	(2)
Try It! -- Constructing a Vacuum Cleaner Attachment by Lofting	324	(6)
Creating Polysolids	330	(1)
Try It! -- Constructing a Polysolid	331	(1)
Command Review	331	(1)
Chapter Review	332	(3)
Editing Solids and Concept Modeling	335	(80)
Using Dynamic UCS Mode	335	(1)
Try It! -- Using Dynamic UCS Mode	336	(3)
Performing Boolean Operations on Solids	339	(2)
The Union Command	341	(1)
Try It! -- Using Union	342	(2)
The Subtract Command	344	(1)
Try It! -- Using Subtract	345	(5)
The Intersect Command	350	(1)
Try It! -- Using Intersect	351	(2)
Try It! -- More Applications of the Intersect Command	353	(3)
Single-Object Modification Operations	356	(5)
Select Edge	357	(1)
Chain	357	(1)
Radius	358	(3)
Try It! -- Using Fillet	361	(1)
The Chamfer Command	361	(3)
Select Edge	363	(1)
Loop	364	(1)
Try It! -- Using Chamfer	364	(2)
Concept Modeling	366	(1)
Dragging Basic Shapes	366	(1)
Try It! -- Creating Concept Models	367	(1)
Using Dynamic UCS to Construct on Faces	367	(1)
Try It! -- Joining Primitives of a Concept Model	368	(1)
Using Grips to Modify Solid Models	369	(1)
Key Grip Locations	369	(1)
Grip Editing a Cone	370	(1)
Try It! -- Grip Editing a Cone	370	(1)
Editing with Grips and Dynamic Input	370	(1)
Try It! -- Editing With Grips and Dynamic Input	371	(1)
Manipulating Subobjects	371	(2)
Editing Subobjects of a Solid Model	372	(1)
Try It! -- Editing Subobjects of a Solid Model	373	(1)
Adding Edges and Faces to a Solid Model	373	(1)
Try It! -- Imprinting an Object on a Solid Model	374	(1)
Pressing and Pulling Bounding Areas	375	(1)
Try It! -- Pressing and Pulling Bounding Areas	375	(1)
Try It! -- Using Presspull to Join and Cut Openings	376	(1)
Try It! -- Creating a Polysolid Object	377	(1)
Try It! -- Creating Openings in a Polysolid Object	377	(1)
Using Press and Pull on Blocks	378	(1)
Try It! -- Using Presspull on a Block Object	378	(3)
Slicing Solid Models	381	(1)
Try It! -- Slicing a Solid Model	382	(1)
Slicing a Solid with a Surface	383	(1)
Try It! -- Slicing a Solid Model Based on a Surface	383	(2)
Terrain Modeling	385	(1)
Try It! -- Creating a Terrain Model	385	(1)
Editing 3D Solids	386	(1)
The Solidedit Command	387	(10)
Face Editing Options	388	(6)
Edge Editing Options	394	(1)
Body Editing Options	395	(2)
Controlling the Appearance of Solid Models	397	(1)
The Isolines System Variable	398	(1)
The Dispsilh System Variable	399	(2)
The Facetres System Variable	400	(1)
The Facetratio System Variable	401	(1)
Command Review	402	(1)
System Variable Review	402	(1)
Chapter Problems	403	(6)
Additional Chapter Problems	409	(3)
Chapter Review	412	(3)
Analyzing 3D Models	415	(32)
Performing Area Calculations on 3D Wireframe Models	415	(1)
Try It! -- Analyzing the Area of an Inclined Surface	416	(1)
Try It! -- Analyzing the Area of a Coved Inclined Surface	417	(2)
Try It! -- Analyzing the Area of an Inclined Surface Intersected by a Circle	419	(1)
Analyzing 3D Solid Models	420	(1)
Calculating the Mass Property of a Solid Model	421	(5)
Solids	422	(1)
Regions	423	(3)
Try It! -- Calculating the Mass Properties of an Object	426	(1)
The Interfere Command	427	(1)
Try It! -- Checking Fits and Positions	428	(2)
The Section Command	430	(1)
Try It! -- Using Section	431	(1)
Sectioning a Solid Using a Section Plane	432	(4)
Try It! -- Creating a Section Plane	436	(8)
Command Review	444	(1)
Chapter Review	445	(2)
Paper Space and 2D Output	447	(72)
Paper Space Versus Model Space	447	(3)
Paper Space Layouts	450	(1)
Managing Layouts	451	(1)
Layout Menu Controls	452	(1)
The Pagesetup Command	453	(2)
Using the Layout Wizard	455	(2)
Working with Floating Viewports	457	(1)
Creating Floating Viewports	457	(1)
The Vports Command	458	(1)
The Mview Command	459	(5)
Specify Corner Point	459	(1)
On	459	(1)
Off	459	(1)
Fit	460	(1)
Shadeplot	460	(1)
Lock	460	(1)
Object	460	(1)
Polygonal	461	(1)
Restore	461	(1)
2	462	(1)
3	462	(1)
4	463	(1)
Additional Viewport Creation Methods	464	(1)
Clipping Viewports with the VPClip Command	464	(2)
Polygonal	465	(1)
Clipping Object	465	(1)
Delete	465	(1)
Switching Between Paper Space and Model Space	466	(1)
Maximizing a Viewport	467	(1)
Setting Up Views of the 3D Model Within Floating Viewports	468	(1)
Try It! -- Setting Up Paper Space Viewports	469	(4)
Aligning Views with Mvsetup	473	(2)
Align	473	(2)
Object Visibility Control	475	(1)
The Vplayer Command	475	(3)
?	476	(1)
Freeze	476	(1)
Thaw	477	(1)
Reset	477	(1)
Newfrz	478	(1)
Vpvisdflt	478	(1)
Freezing Layers in Viewports Through the Layer Properties Manager Dialog Box	478	(1)
Annotating and Dimensioning 3D Models	479	(7)
Dimensioning in Model Space	481	(4)
Dimensioning in Paper Space	485	(1)
Plotting Paper Space Drawings	485	(1)
Solid Models in Paper Space	486	(1)
The Solprof Command	487	(2)
Display Hidden Profile Lines on Separate Layer?	488	(1)
Project Profile Lines onto a Plane?	488	(1)
Delete Tangential Edges?	488	(1)
Try It! -- Using the Solprof Command	489	(2)
The Solview and Soldraw Commands	491	(1)
Try It! -- Generating a View Using Solview and Soldraw	491	(3)
Creating Orthographic Views	494	(1)
Try It! -- Creating Orthographic Views Using Solview and Soldraw	494	(2)
Creating an Auxiliary View	496	(1)
Try It! -- Generating an Auxiliary View Using Solview and Soldraw	496	(2)
Creating a Section View	498	(1)
Try It! -- Generating a Section View Using Solview and Soldraw	499	(2)
Creating an Isometric View	501	(1)
Try It! -- Generating an Isometric View Using Solview and Soldraw	501	(2)
Try It! -- Making Standard Production Drawings	503	(5)
Try It! -- Supplemental Solview and Soldraw Exercise	508	(3)
Extracting 2D Views with Flatshot	511	(3)
Command Review	514	(1)
System Variable Review	515	(1)
Chapter Review	516	(3)
Rendering and Motion Studies	519	(52)
An Introduction to Renderings	519	(1)
Bitmap Files	520	(2)
Selection of Rendering Commands	522	(1)
An Overview of Producing Renderings	523	(2)
Try It! -- An Introduction to the Rendering Process	525	(4)
Creating and Placing Lights for Rendering	529	(1)
Try It! -- Sun Studies	530	(6)
Try It! -- Placing Lights for Renderings	536	(6)
An Introduction to Materials	542	(3)
Working With Materials	545	(1)
Try It! -- Attaching Materials to 3D Models to Enhance Renderings	545	(6)
Using Materials Templates	551	(1)
Try It! -- Using Materials Templates	551	(4)
Assigning Materials by Layer	555	(1)
Try It! -- Using Ray Tracing	555	(5)
Applying a Background	560	(2)
Try It! -- Applying a Background to a Rendering	562	(4)
Walking and Flying Through a Model	566	(2)
Animating the Path of a Camera	568	(1)
Try It! -- Creating a Walkthrough	569	(2)
Index	571