Backpack Literature : An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama

by Kennedy, X. J.; Gioia, Dana

• ISBN13: 9780321333735
• ISBN10: 032133373X
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2008-01-01
• Publisher: Longman

Summary

The newest, smallest, and most economical member of the Kennedy/Gioia family, Backpack Literature is a brief paperback version of the discipline's most popular introduction to literature anthology. Like its bigger, bestselling predecessors, Backpack Literature features the authors' collective poetic voice which brings personal warmth and a human perspective to the discussion of literature, adding to students' interest in the readings.

Table of Contents

Preface	xxi
FICTION	1	(304)
1 Reading a Story	3	(20)
FABLE, PARABLE, AND TALE	4	(7)
W. Somerset Maugham, THE APPOINTMENT IN SAMARRA	4	(1)
Aesop, THE FOX AND THE GRAPES	5	(1)
Chuang Tzu, INDEPENDENCE	6	(2)
Jakob and Wilhelm Grimm, GODFATHER DEATH	8	(3)
PLOT	11	(2)
THE SHORT STORY	13	(8)
John Updike, A & P	15	(6)
WRITING CRITICALLY
What's The Plot?	21	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT	22	(1)
FURTHER SUGGESTIONS FOR WRITING	22	(1)
2 Point of View	23	(23)
William Faulkner, A ROSE FOR EMILY	30	(9)
Edgar Allan Poe, THE TELL-TALE HEART	39	(5)
WRITING CRITICALLY
How Point of View Shapes a Story	44	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT	44	(1)
FURTHER SUGGESTIONS FOR WRITING	45	(1)
3 Character	46	(38)
Katherine Anne Porter, THE JILTING OF GRANNY WEATHERALL	50	(9)
Alice Walker, EVERYDAY USE	59	(9)
Raymond Carver, CATHEDRAL	68	(14)
WRITING CRITICALLY
How Character Creates Action	82	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT	82	(1)
FURTHER SUGGESTIONS FOR WRITING	82	(2)
4 Setting	84	(38)
Kate Chopin, THE STORM	87	(5)
T. Coraghessan Boyle, GREASY LAKE	92	(10)
Amy Tan, A PAIR OF TICKETS	102	(18)
WRITING CRITICALLY
How Time and Place Set a Story	120	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT	120	(1)
FURTHER SUGGESTIONS FOR WRITING	121	(1)
5 Tone and Style	122	(40)
Ernest Hemingway, A CLEAN, WELL-LIGHTED PLACE	127	(5)
William Faulkner, BARN BURNING	132	(15)
IRONY	147	(12)
Ha Jin, SABOTEUR	149	(10)
WRITING CRITICALLY
Be Style-Conscious	159	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT	160	(1)
FURTHER SUGGESTIONS FOR WRITING	160	(2)
6 Theme	162	(24)
Chinua Achebe, DEAD MEN'S PATH	165	(3)
Luke 15: 11-32, THE PARABLE OF THE PRODIGAL SON	168	(2)
Charlotte Perkins Gilman, THE YELLOW WALLPAPER	170	(14)
WRITING CRITICALLY
Stating the Theme	184	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT	185	(1)
FURTHER SUGGESTIONS FOR WRITING	185	(1)
7 Symbol	186	(30)
John Steinbeck, THE CHRYSANTHEMUMS	189	(10)
Shirley Jackson, THE LOTTERY	199	(8)
Ursula K. Le Quin, THE ONES WHO WALK AWAY FROM OMELAS	207	(7)
WRITING CRITICALLY
Recognizing Symbols	214	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT	215	(1)
FURTHER SUGGESTIONS FOR WRITING	215	(1)
8 Stories for Further Reading	216	(89)
Margaret Atwood, HAPPY ENDINGS	216	(4)
Kate Chopin, THE STORY OF AN HOUR	220	(3)
Sandra Cisneros, HOUSE ON MANGO STREET	223	(2)
Nathaniel Hawthorne, YOUNG GOODMAN BROWN	225	(12)
Zora Neale Hurston, SWEAT	237	(12)
James Joyce, ARABY	249	(6)
Franz Kafka, BEFORE THE LAW	255	(2)
Jamaica Kincaid, GIRL	257	(2)
Joyce Carol Oates, WHERE ARE YOU GOING, WHERE HAVE YOU BEEN?	259	(15)
Tim O'Brien, THE THINGS THEY CARRIED	274	(16)
Flannery O'Connor, A GOOD MAN IS HARD TO FIND	290	(15)
POETRY	305	(260)
9 Reading a Poem	308	(16)
William Butler Yeats, THE LAKE ISLE OF INNISFREE	310	(3)
LYRIC POETRY	313	(2)
D.H. Lawrence, PIANO	314	(1)
Adrienne Rich, AUNT JENNIFER'S TIGERS	314	(1)
NARRATIVE POETRY	315	(3)
Anonymous, SIR PATRICK SPENCE	315	(2)
Robert Frost, "OUT, OUT-"	317	(1)
DRAMATIC POETRY	318	(3)
Robert Browning, MY LAST DUCHESS	319	(2)
WRITING CRITICALLY
Can a Poem Be Paraphrased?	321	(1)
William Stafford, ASK ME	322	(1)
William Stafford, A PARAPHRASE OF "ASK ME"	322	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT	323	(1)
10 Listening to a Voice	324	(25)
TONE	324	(6)
Theodore Roethke, MY PAPA'S WALTZ	324	(2)
Countee Cullen, FOR A LADY I KNOW	326	(1)
Anne Bradstreet, THE AUTHOR TO HER BOOK	326	(1)
Walt Whitman, TO A LOCOMOTIVE IN WINTER	327	(1)
Emily Dickinson, I LIKE TO SEE IT LAP THE MILES	328	(1)
Benjamin Mire Saenz, TO THE DESERT	329	(1)
THE PERSON IN THE POEM	330	(9)
Natasha Trethewey, WHITE LIES	330	(2)
Edwin Arlington Robinson, LUKE HAVERGAL	332	(1)
Ted Hughes, HAWK ROOSTING	333	(1)
William Wordsworth, I WANDERED LONELY AS A CLOUD	334	(1)
Dorothy Wordsworth, JOURNAL ENTRY	335	(1)
Langston Hughes, THEME FOR ENGLISH B	336	(1)
Anne Stevenson, SOUS-ENTENDU	337	(1)
Francisco X. Alarcon, THE X IN MY NAME	338	(1)
William Carlos Williams, THE RED WHEELBARROW	339	(1)
IRONY	339	(8)
Robert Creeley, OH NO	340	(1)
W.H. Auden, THE UNKNOWN CITIZEN	341	(1)
Sharon Olds, RITES OF PASSAGE	342	(1)
Sarah N. Cleghorn, THE GOLF LINKS	343	(1)
Wilfred Owen, DULCE ET DECORUM EST	344	(1)
Rhina Espaillat, BILINGUAL/BILINGUE	345	(1)
Thomas Hardy, THE WORKBOX	346	(1)
WRITING CRITICALLY
Paying Attention to the Obvious	347	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT	347	(1)
FURTHER SUGGESTIONS FOR WRITING	348	(1)
11 Words	349	(19)
LITERAL MEANING: WHAT A POEM SAYS FIRST	349	(4)
William Carlos Williams, THIS IS JUST TO SAY	350	(1)
Robert Graves, DOWN, WANTON, DOWN!	351	(1)
John Donne, BATTER MY HEART, THREE-PERSONED GOD, FOR YOU	352	(1)
THE VALUE OF A DICTIONARY	353	(3)
J.V. Cunningham, FRIEND, ON THIS SCAFFOLD THOMAS MORE LIES DEAD	355	(1)
Carl Sandburg, GRASS	355	(1)
WORD CHOICE AND WORD ORDER	356	(8)
Robert Herrick, UPON JULIA'S CLOTHES	358	(2)
Kay Ryan, BLANDEUR	360	(1)
Thomas Hardy, THE RUINED MAID	361	(1)
Richard Eberhart, THE FURY OF AERIAL BOMBARDMENT	362	(1)
Wendy Cope, LONELY HEARTS	363	(1)
FOR REVIEW AND FURTHER STUDY
E.E. Cummings, ANYONE LIVED IN A PRETTY HOW TOWN	364	(1)
Anonymous, CARNATION MILK	365	(1)
Lewis Carroll, JABBERWOCKY	365	(2)
WRITING CRITICALLY
How Much Difference Does a Word Make?	367	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT	367	(1)
FURTHER SUGGESTIONS FOR WRITING	367	(1)
12 Saying and Suggesting	368	(9)
John Masefield, CARGOES	369	(1)
William Blake, LONDON	370	(2)
Wallace Stevens, DISILLUSIONMENT OF TEN O'CLOCK	372	(1)
Timothy Steele, EPITAPH	373	(1)
Robert Frost, FIRE AND ICE	373	(1)
Alfred, Lord Tennyson, TEARS, IDLE TEARS	374	(1)
Emily Dickinson, WILD NIGHTS - WILD NIGHTS!	374	(1)
WRITING CRITICALLY
The Ways a Poem Suggests	375	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT	376	(1)
FURTHER SUGGESTIONS FOR WRITING	376	(1)
13 Imagery	377	(12)
Ezra Pound, IN A STATION OF THE METRO	377	(1)
Taniguchi Buson, THE PIERCING CHILL I FEEL	377	(2)
T.S. Eliot, THE WINTER EVENING SETTLES DOWN	379	(1)
Theodore Roethke, ROOT CELLAR	379	(1)
Elizabeth Bishop, THE FISH	380	(2)
Charles Simic, FORK	382	(1)
Gerard Manley Hopkins, PIED BEAUTY	383	(1)
ABOUT HAIKU	383	(3)
Arakida Moritake, THE FALLING FLOWER	383	(1)
Matsuo Basho, HEAT-LIGHTNING STREAK	384	(1)
Matsuo Basho, IN THE OLD STONE POOL	384	(1)
Taniguchi Buson, ON THE ONE-TON TEMPLE BELL	385	(1)
Taniguchi Buson, I GO	385	(1)
Kobayashi Issa, ONLY ONE GUY	385	(1)
Kobayashi Issa, CRICKET	385	(1)
Etheridge Knight, Lee Gurga, Penny Harter, Jennifer Brutschy, A SELECTION OF HAIKU	385	(1)
FOR REVIEW AND FURTHER STUDY
John Keats, BRIGHT STAR! WOULD I WERE STEADFAST AS THOU ART	386	(1)
T.E. Hulme, IMAGE	386	(1)
Robert Bly, DRIVING TO TOWN LATE TO MAIL A LETTER	387	(1)
Stevie Smith, NOT WAVING BUT DROWNING	387	(1)
WRITING CRITICALLY
Analyzing Images	387	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT	388	(1)
FURTHER SUGGESTIONS FOR WRITING	388	(1)
14 Figures of Speech	389	(14)
WHY SPEAK FIGURATIVELY?	389	(3)
Alfred, Lord Tennyson, THE EAGLE	390	(1)
William Shakespeare, SHALL I COMPARE THEE TO A SUMMER'S DAY?	390	(1)
Howard Moss, SHALL I COMPARE THEE TO A SUMMER'S DAY?	391	(1)
METAPHOR AND SIMILE	392	(4)
Alfred, Lord Tennyson, FLOWER IN THE CRANNIED WALL	393	(1)
William Blake, To SEE A WORLD IN A GRAIN OF SAND	394	(1)
Sylvia Plath, METAPHORS	394	(1)
N. Scott Momaday, SIMILE	395	(1)
OTHER FIGURES	396	(3)
James Stephens, THE WIND	397	(2)
Margaret Atwood, YOU FIT INTO ME	399	(1)
John Ashbery, THE CATHEDRAL IS	399	(1)
FOR REVIEW AND FURTHER STUDY
Denise Levertov, LEAVING FOREVER	399	(1)
Jane Kenyon, THE SUITOR	400	(1)
Robert Frost, THE SECRET SITS	401	(1)
A.R. Ammons, COWARD	401	(1)
WRITING CRITICALLY
How Metaphors Enlarge a Poem's Meaning	401	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT	402	(1)
FURTHER SUGGESTIONS FOR WRITING	402	(1)
15 Sound	403	(15)
SOUND AS MEANING	403	(4)
Alexander Pope, TRUE EASE IN WRITING COMES FROM ART, NOT CHANCE	404	(2)
William Butler Yeats, WHO GOES WITH FERGUS?	406	(1)
John Updike, RECITAL	407	(1)
ALLITERATION AND ASSONANCE	407	(3)
A.E. Housman, EIGHT O'CLOCK	408	(1)
Robert Herrick, UPON JULIA'S VOICE	409	(1)
Alfred, Lord Tennyson, THE SPLENDOR FALLS ON CASTLE WALLS	409	(1)
RIME	410	(5)
William Cole, ON MY BOAT ON LAKE CAYUGA	411	(2)
Hilaire Belloc, THE HIPPOPOTAMUS	413	(1)
Gerard Manley Hopkins, GOD'S GRANDEUR	414	(1)
READING AND HEARING POEMS ALOUD	415	(2)
Michael Stillman, IN MEMORIAM JOHN COLTRANE	416	(1)
William Shakespeare, FULL FATHOM FIVE THY FATHER LIES	416	(1)
WRITING CRITICALLY
Is It Possible to Write About Sound?	417	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT	417	(1)
FURTHER SUGGESTIONS FOR WRITING	417	(1)
16 Rhythm	418	(17)
STRESSES AND PAUSES	418	(6)
Gwendolyn Brooks, WE REAL COOL	423	(1)
Alfred, Lord Tennyson, BREAK, BREAK, BREAK	423	(1)
METER	424	(9)
Max Beerbohm, ON THE IMPRINT OF THE FIRST ENGLISH EDITION OF THE WORKS OF MAX BEERBOHM	424	(6)
Edna St. Vincent Millay, COUNTING-OUT RHYME	430	(1)
A.E. Housman, WHEN I WAS ONE-AND-TWENTY	430	(1)
Walt Whitman, BEAT! BEAT! DRUMS!	431	(1)
David Mason, SONG OF THE POWERS	432	(1)
WRITING CRITICALLY
Freeze-Framing the Sound	433	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT	433	(1)
FURTHER SUGGESTIONS FOR WRITING	434	(1)
17 Closed Form	435	(18)
FORMAL PATTERNS	436	(4)
John Keats, THIS LIVING HAND, NOW WARM AND CAPABLE	437	(2)
Robert Graves, COUNTING THE BEATS	439	(1)
BALLADS	440	(4)
Anonymous, BONNY BARBARA ALLAN	440	(3)
Dudley Randall, BALLAD OF BIRMINGHAM	443	(1)
THE SONNET	444	(4)
William Shakespeare, LET ME NOT TO THE MARRIAGE OF TRUE MINDS	445	(1)
Edna St. Vincent Millay, WHAT LIPS MY LIPS HAVE KISSED, AND WHERE, AND WHY	445	(1)
Robert Frost, ACQUAINTED WITH THE NIGHT	446	(1)
Claude McKay, AMERICA	447	(1)
Kim Addonizio, FIRST POEM FOR YOU	447	(1)
R.S. Gwynn, SCENES FROM THE PLAYROOM	448	(1)
OTHER FORMS	448	(4)
Dylan Thomas, DO NOT GO GENTLE INTO THAT GOOD NIGHT	449	(1)
Robert Bridges, TRIOLET	450	(1)
Elizabeth Bishop, SESTINA	450	(2)
WRITING CRITICALLY
Turning Points	452	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT	452	(1)
FURTHER SUGGESTIONS FOR WRITING	452	(1)
18 Open Form	453	(14)
Denise Levertov, ANCIENT STAIRWAY	453	(4)
E.E. Cummings, BUFFALO BILL'S	457	(1)
W.S. Merwin, FOR THE ANNIVERSARY OF MY DEATH	457	(1)
Stephen Crane, THE HEART	458	(1)
Walt Whitman, CAVALRY CROSSING A FORD	458	(1)
Ezra Pound, THE GARRET	459	(1)
Wallace Stevens, THIRTEEN WAYS OF LOOKING AT A BLACKBIRD	459	(3)
SEEING THE LOGIC OF OPEN FORM VERSE	462	(3)
E.E. Cummings, IN JUST-	462	(1)
Carole Satyamurti, I SHALL PAINT MY NAILS RED	463	(1)
Lorine Niedecker, POPCORN-CAN COVER	463	(1)
Yusef Komunyakaa, FACING IT	464	(1)
Langston Hughes, I, TOO	465	(1)
WRITING CRITICALLY
Lining Up for Free Verse	465	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT	466	(1)
FURTHER SUGGESTIONS FOR WRITING	466	(1)
19 Symbol	467	(12)
T.S. Eliot, THE Boston Evening Transcript	468	(1)
Emily Dickinson, THE LIGHTNING IS A YELLOW FORK	469	(2)
Thomas Hardy, NEUTRAL TONES	471	(1)
Matthew 13:24-30, THE PARABLE OF THE GOOD SEED	472	(1)
George Herbert, THE WORLD	473	(1)
Robert Frost, THE ROAD NOT TAKEN	474	(1)
FOR REVIEW AND FURTHER STUDY
Robinson Jeffers, THE BEAKS OF EAGLES	475	(1)
Sara Teasdale, THE FLIGHT	476	(1)
Ted Koosor, CARRIE	476	(1)
Wallace Stevens, ANECDOTE OF THE JAR	477	(1)
WRITING CRITICALLY
How to Read a Symbol	477	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT	478	(1)
FURTHER SUGGESTIONS FOR WRITING	478	(1)
20 Myth and Narrative	479	(15)
Robert Frost, NOTHING GOLD CAN STAY	481	(1)
Thomas Hardy, THE OXEN	481	(1)
William Wordsworth, THE WORLD IS TOO MUCH WITH US	482	(1)
H.D., HELEN	483	(1)
ARCHETYPE	483	(2)
Louise Bogan, MEDUSA	484	(1)
MYTH AND POPULAR CULTURE	485	(7)
Anne Sexton, CINDERELLA	486	(3)
Sylvia Plath, LADY LAZARUS	489	(3)
WRITING CRITICALLY
Demystifying Myth	492	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT	493	(1)
FURTHER SUGGESTIONS FOR WRITING	493	(1)
21 Poems for Further Reading	494	(71)
Sherman Alexie, INDIAN BOY LOVE SONG	494	(1)
Anonymous, LORD RANDALL	495	(1)
Matthew Arnold, DOVER BEACH	496	(1)
W.H. Auden, MUSE DES BEAUX ARTS	497	(1)
Elizabeth Bishop, ONE ART	498	(1)
William Blake, THE TYGER	499	(1)
Gwendolyn Brooks, THE PREACHER RUMINATES: BEHIND THE SERMON	500	(1)
Elizabeth Barrett Browning, HOW DO I LOVE THEE? LET ME COUNT THE WAYS	501	(1)
Judith Ortiz Cofer, QUINCEANERA	501	(1)
Samuel Taylor Coleridge, KUBLA KHAN	502	(2)
Billy Collins, CARE AND FEEDING	504	(1)
E.E. Cummings, SOMEWHERE I HAVE NEVER TRAVELLED, GLADLY BEYOND	504	(1)
Emily Dickinson, THE SOUL SELECTS HER OWN SOCIETY	505	(1)
Emily Dickinson, I HEARD A FLY BUZZ - WHEN I DIED	506	(1)
Emily Dickinson, BECAUSE I COULD NOT STOP FOR DEATH	506	(1)
John Donne, DEATH BE NOT PROUD	507	(1)
Rita Dove, SUMMIT BEACH, 1921	508	(1)
T.S. Eliot, THE LOVE SONG OF J. ALFRED PRUFROCK	509	(4)
Robert Frost, MENDING WALL	513	(1)
Robert Frost, STOPPING BY WOODS ON A SNOWY EVENING	514	(1)
Allen Ginsberg, A SUPERMARKET IN CALIFORNIA	515	(1)
Dana Gioia, CALIFORNIA HILLS IN AUGUST	516	(1)
Thomas Hardy, THE CONVERGENCE OF THE TWAIN	516	(2)
Robert Hayden, THOSE WINTER SUNDAYS	518	(1)
Seamus Heaney, DIGGING	519	(1)
George Herbert, EASTER WINGS	520	(1)
Robert Herrick, To THE VIRGINS, TO MAKE MUCH OF TIME	520	(1)
Gerard Manley Hopkins, SPRING AND FALL	521	(1)
Gerard Manley Hopkins, THE WINDHOVER	521	(1)
A.E. Housman, TO AN ATHLETE DYING YOUNG	522	(1)
Langston Hughes, THE NEGRO SPEAKS OF RIVERS	523	(1)
Langston Hughes, HARLEM [DREAM DEFERRED	524	(1)
Randall Jarrell, THE DEATH OF THE BALL TURRET GUNNER	524	(1)
Robinson Jeffers, TO THE STONE-CUTTERS	524	(1)
Ben Jonson, ON MY FIRST SON	525	(1)
John Keats, ODE ON A GRECIAN URN	525	(2)
John Keats, ON FIRST LOOKING INTO CHAPMAN'S HOMER	527	(1)
Philip Larkin, HOME IS SO SAD	528	(1)
Shirley Geok-lin Lim, LEARNING TO LOVE AMERICA	528	(1)
Robert Lowell, SKUNK HOUR	529	(2)
Andrew Marvell, TO HIS COY MISTRESS	531	(1)
John Milton, WHEN I CONSIDER HOW MY LIGHT IS SPENT	532	(1)
Marianne Moore, POETRY	533	(1)
Marilyn Nelson, A STRANGE BEAUTIFUL WOMAN	534	(1)
Lorine Niedecker, SORROW MOVES IN WIDE WAVES	535	(1)
Sharon Olds, THE ONE GIRL AT THE BOYS' PARTY	535	(1)
Wilfred Owen, ANTHEM FOR DOOMED YOUTH	536	(1)
Linda Pastan, ETHICS	537	(1)
Octavio Paz, CON LOS OJOS CERRADOS	538	(1)
Octavio Paz, Translated by Eliot Weinberger, WITH EYES CLOSED	538	(1)
Sylvia Plath, DADDY	538	(3)
Henry Reed, NAMING OF PARTS	541	(1)
Adrienne Rich, LIVING IN SIN	542	(1)
Edwin Arlington Robinson, MINIVER CHEEVY	543	(1)
Theodore Roethke, ELEGY FOR JANE	544	(1)
William Shakespeare, THAT TIME OF YEAR THOU MAYST IN ME BEHOLD	545	(1)
William Shakespeare, MY MISTRESS' EYES ARE NOTHING LIKE THE SUN	546	(1)
Percy Bysshe Shelley, OZYMANDIAS	546	(1)
Cathy Song, STAMP COLLECTING	547	(1)
William Stafford, THE FARM ON THE GREAT PLAINS	548	(1)
Wallace Stevens, THE EMPEROR OF ICE-CREAM	549	(1)
Alfred, Lord Tennyson, ULYSSES	550	(2)
Dylan Thomas, FERN HILL	552	(1)
John Updike, EX-BASKETBALL PLAYER	553	(1)
Amy Uyematsu, THE TEN MILLION FLAMES OF LOS ANGELES	554	(2)
Derek Walcott, THE VIRGINS	556	(1)
Walt Whitman, I HEAR AMERICA SINGING	557	(1)
Richard Wilbur, THE WRITER	558	(1)
William Carlos Williams, SPRING AND ALL	559	(1)
William Wordsworth, COMPOSED UPON WESTMINSTER BRIDGE	560	(1)
James Wright, AUTUMN BEGINS IN MARTINS FERRY, OHIO	561	(1)
William Butler Yeats, SAILING TO BYZANTIUM	561	(2)
William Butler Yeats, WHEN YOU ARE OLD	563	(2)
DRAMA	565	(502)
22 Reading a Play	567	(31)
A PLAY IN ITS ELEMENTS	569	(18)
Susan Glaspell, TRIFLES	570	(17)
TRAGEDY AND COMEDY	587	(10)
Jane Martin, BEAUTY	591	(6)
WRITING CRITICALLY
Conflict Resolution	597	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT	597	(1)
FURTHER SUGGESTIONS FOR WRITING	597	(1)
23 The Theater of Sophocles	598	(60)
THE THEATER OF SOPHOCLES	598	(1)
STAGING	598	(2)
THE CIVIC ROLE OF GREEK DRAMA	600	(1)
ARISTOTLE'S CONCEPT OF TRAGEDY	601	(3)
SOPHOCLES	604	(1)
THE ORIGINS OF OEDIPUS THE KING	604	(52)
Sophocles, OEDIPUS THE KING (Translated by Robert Fagles)	605	(51)
WRITING CRITICALLY
Some Things Change. Some Things Don't	656	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT	656	(1)
FURTHER SUGGESTIONS FOR WRITING	657	(1)
24 The Theater of Shakespeare	658	(117)
THE THEATER OF SHAKESPEARE	658	(2)
WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE	660	(1)
A NOTE ON OTHELLO	660	(113)
William Shakespeare, OTHELLO, THE MOOR OF VENICE	661	(112)
WRITING CRITICALLY
Breaking the Language Barrier	773	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT	773	(1)
FURTHER SUGGESTIONS FOR WRITING	774	(1)
25 The Modern Theater	775	(90)
REALISM AND NATURALISM	775	(69)
Henrik Ibsen, A DOLL's HOUSE (Translated by James McFarlane)	778	(66)
TRAGICOMEDY AND THE ABSURD	844	(19)
Milcha Sanchez-Scott, THE CUBAN SWIMMER	847	(16)
WRITING CRITICALLY
What's So Realistic About Realism?	863	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT	863	(1)
FURTHER SUGGESTIONS FOR WRITING	864	(1)
26 Plays for Further Reading	865	(202)
Terrence McNally, ANDRE'S MOTHER	865	(4)
Arthur Miller, DEATH OF A SALESMAN	869	(82)
Tennessee Williams, THE GLASS MENAGERIE	951	(57)
August Wilson, JOE TURNER'S COME AND GONE	1008	(59)
WRITING	1067
27 Writing About Literature	1069	(25)
BEGINNING	1069	(1)
USING CRITICAL SOURCES	1070	(1)
GUARDING ACADEMIC INTEGRITY	1071	(1)
DISCOVERING ESSAY IDEAS	1072	(3)
DRAFTING AND REVISING, OR CREATIVITY VS. ANALYSIS	1075	(2)
THE FORM OF YOUR FINISHED PAPER	1077	(1)
ACKNOWLEDGING AND DOCUMENTING SOURCES	1078	(7)
CONCLUDING THOUGHTS	1085	(1)
REFERENCE GUIDE FOR CITATIONS	1086	(8)
28 Writing About a Story	1094	(13)
EXPLICATING	1094	(5)
Sample Student Essay (Explication)	1095	(4)
ANALYZING	1099	(4)
Sample Student Essay (Analysis)	1100	(3)
COMPARING AND CONTRASTING	1103	(1)
SUGGESTIONS FOR WRITING	1104	(3)
29 Writing About a Poem	1107	(20)
EXPLICATING	1108	(6)
Robert Frost, DESIGN	1109	(1)
Sample Student Essay (Explication)	1109	(5)
ANALYZING	1114	(3)
Sample Student Essay (Analysis)	1115	(2)
COMPARING AND CONTRASTING	1117	(4)
Abbie Huston Evans, WING-SPREAD	1118	(1)
Sample Student Essay (Comparison)	1119	(2)
How TO QUOTE A POEM	1121	(3)
SUGGESTIONS FOR WRITING	1124	(3)
30 Writing About a Play	1127
METHODS	1127	(3)
HOW TO QUOTE A PLAY	1129	(1)
WRITING ASSIGNMENT	1130	(6)
Sample Student Essay, Othello: Tragedy or Soap Opera?	1131	(5)
SUGGESTIONS FOR WRITING	1136
Literary Acknowledgments	A1
Photo Acknowledgments	A8
Index of First Lines of Poetry	I1
Index of Authors and Titles	I4
Index of Literary Terms	(inside back
List of Authors	(inside fron