Basal Ganglia and Thalamus : Their Role in Cognition and Behavior

by Moretti, Rita; Toree, Paola; Antonello, Rodolofo M.

• ISBN13: 9781606921982
• ISBN10: 1606921983
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2009-05-13
• Publisher: Gardners Books

Summary

The basal ganglia are traditionally involved in the control of movement. The most wise and prophetical works by Crossen (1996 and successive), and by Bogousslavsky stated clearly that the basal ganglia participate in multiple circuits or 'loops' with cognitive areas of the cerebral cortex; moreover, the activity of neurons within selected portions of the basal ganglia is more related to cognitive or sensory operations than to motor functions. Selection of phonological strings and morphological activities are clearly under the processation of basal ganglia loop. Moreover, automatic language is strictly bound to caudate and putamen articulatory and semnatic loop. Finally, in some instances basal ganglia lesions cause behaviour disturbances, such as apathia and the so called, frontal anterior syndrome, as well as palypsychism. In this the authors review these data, present experimental data, and detect the possible anatomical and functional framework for understanding the basal ganglia contributions to non-motor function.

Table of Contents

Introduction	p. 1
Anatomy of Basal Ganglia and Thalamus	p. 3
Anatomy of White Matter	p. 13
Basal Ganglia Region: Surgical and Anatomical Consideration	p. 17
Physiology of Basal Ganglia and Thalamus Circuits	p. 27
How are Basal Ganglia and Thalamus Related to Cognition and Behaviour?	p. 33
Behavioural Conditioning Exerted by Basal Ganglia	p. 39
Apathy and Basal Ganglia	p. 43
Parkinson's Disease as a Model of Basal Ganglia Disruption	p. 49
Deep Brain Stimulation of the Subthalamus: Neuropsychological Effects	p. 59
Liver Diseases and Basal Ganglia	p. 73
Basal Ganglia and Language	p. 79
Basal Ganglia and Polylinguism	p. 87
Cortical or Subcortical Dementia: A Neuropsychological Comparison	p. 97
The Thalamus: Its Role in Cognition and Behaviour	p. 105
The Thalamus and the Clinical Reality	p. 109
Imaging of Basal Ganglia	p. 119
Conclusions	p. 129
References	p. 131
Index	p. 157
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