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Preface | p. xiii |
Where To Start | p. 1 |
General Principles | |
Receptor Theory | p. 5 |
Agonists | p. 5 |
Efficacy and Potency | p. 6 |
Therapeutic Index | p. 7 |
Antagonists | p. 7 |
Inverse Agonists | p. 9 |
Absorption, Distribution, and Clearance | p. 11 |
First-Pass Effect | p. 11 |
How Drugs Cross Membranes | p. 11 |
Bioavailability | p. 13 |
Total Body Clearance | p. 14 |
Pharmacokinetics | p. 16 |
Volume of Distribution | p. 16 |
First-Order Kinetics | p. 17 |
Zero-Order Kinetics | p. 19 |
Steady-State Concentration | p. 20 |
Time Needed to Reach Steady State | p. 21 |
Loading Dose | p. 22 |
Drug Metabolism and Renal Elimination | p. 24 |
Liver Metabolism | p. 24 |
Renal Excretion | p. 25 |
Drugs That Affect the Autonomic Nervous System | |
Review of the Autonomic Nervous System | p. 29 |
Why Include This Material? | p. 29 |
Relevant Anatomy | p. 30 |
Synthesis, Storage, Release, and Removal of Transmitters | p. 32 |
Receptors | p. 34 |
General Rules of Innervation | p. 35 |
Presynaptic Receptors | p. 37 |
Cholinergic Agonists | p. 38 |
Organization of Class | p. 38 |
Direct Cholinergic Agonists | p. 39 |
Cholinesterase Inhibitors | p. 40 |
Cholinergic Antagonists | p. 43 |
Organization of Class | p. 43 |
Muscarinic Antagonists | p. 43 |
Ganglionic Blockers | p. 45 |
Neuromuscular Blockers | p. 45 |
Adrenergic Agonists | p. 47 |
Organization of Class | p. 47 |
Direct-Acting Agonists | p. 48 |
Dopamine | p. 49 |
Indirect-Acting Agents | p. 50 |
Cardiovascular Effects of Norepinephrine, Epinephrine, and Isoproterenol | p. 50 |
Adrenergic Antagonists | p. 52 |
Organization of Class | p. 52 |
Central Blockers | p. 52 |
¿-Blockers | p. 52 |
ß-Blockers | p. 54 |
Mixed ¿- and ß-Blockers | p. 55 |
Drugs That Affect the Cardiovascular System | |
Antihypertensive Drugs | p. 59 |
Organization of Class | p. 59 |
Diuretics | p. 60 |
Drugs That Interfere With the Renin-Angiotensin System | p. 62 |
Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors | p. 62 |
Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) | p. 63 |
Selective Aldosterone Receptor Antagonists | p. 64 |
Direct Renin Inhibitor (DRI) | p. 64 |
Calcium Channel Blockers | p. 64 |
Nitrates | p. 65 |
Other Direct Vasodilators | p. 66 |
¿- and ß-Blockers | p. 66 |
Clonidine | p. 67 |
Drugs Used in Ischemic Heart Disease and Congestive Heart Failure | p. 69 |
Ischemic Heart Disease | p. 69 |
Congestive Heart Failure | p. 69 |
Reduction of Cardiac Workload | p. 70 |
Control of Excessive Fluid | p. 70 |
Enhancement of Contractility | p. 71 |
Cardiac Glycosides | p. 71 |
Sympathomimetics | p. 72 |
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors | p. 72 |
Ranolazine | p. 72 |
Antiarrhythmic Drugs | p. 73 |
Organization of Class | p. 73 |
Drugs (Sodium Channel Blockers) | p. 74 |
Drugs (ß-Blockers) | p. 75 |
Drugs (Potassium Channel Blockers) | p. 76 |
Drugs (Calcium Channel Blockers) | p. 77 |
Other Antiarrhythmic Drugs | p. 78 |
Drugs That Increase Heart Rate | p. 78 |
Drugs that Affect Blood | p. 79 |
Organization of Class | p. 79 |
Antiplatelet Agents | p. 79 |
Anticoagulants | p. 81 |
Thrombolytic Drugs | p. 83 |
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors | p. 84 |
Drugs Used in the Treatment of Anemia | p. 84 |
Lipid-Lowering Drugs | p. 86 |
Organization of Class | p. 86 |
Additional Explanation of Mechanisms | p. 87 |
Drugs that Act on the Central Nervous System | |
Drugs Used in Dementia | p. 91 |
Organization of Class | p. 91 |
Cholinesterase Inhibitors | p. 91 |
NMDA Blocker | p. 92 |
Anxiolytic and Hypnotic Drugs | p. 93 |
Tolerance and Dependence | p. 93 |
Organization of Class | p. 94 |
Barbiturates | p. 95 |
Benzodiazepines | p. 96 |
Buspirone | p. 98 |
Benzodiazepine Receptor Agonists | p. 98 |
Melatonin Receptor Agonist | p. 98 |
Drugs Used in Mood Disorders | p. 100 |
Organization of Class | p. 100 |
Serotonin-Specific Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) | p. 101 |
Serotonin/Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) | p. 102 |
Heterocyclics/TCAs | p. 102 |
Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) Inhibitors | p. 103 |
Other Antidepressants | p. 104 |
Drugs Used in Bipolar Disorder | p. 105 |
Antipsychotics or Neuroleptics | p. 106 |
Organization of Class | p. 106 |
Typical Antipsychotics (First Generation) | p. 107 |
Serotonin-Dopamine Antagonists (Second Generation) | p. 108 |
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome | p. 109 |
Drugs Used in Parkinson Disease | p. 110 |
Organization of Class | p. 110 |
Dopamine Replacement Therapy | p. 111 |
Dopamine Agonist Therapy | p. 112 |
Anticholinergic Therapy | p. 112 |
Antiepileptic Drugs | p. 113 |
Organization of Class | p. 113 |
Important Details About the Most Important Drugs | p. 114 |
Other Drugs to Consider | p. 115 |
Narcotics (Opiates) | p. 117 |
Organization of Class | p. 117 |
Actions of Morphine and the Other Agonists | p. 118 |
Distinguishing Features of Some Agonists | p. 119 |
Opioid Antagonists | p. 120 |
Opioid Agonist-Antagonists | p. 121 |
General Anesthetics | p. 122 |
Organization of Class | p. 122 |
Uptake and Distribution of Inhalational Anesthetics | p. 123 |
Elimination of Inhalational Anesthetics | p. 124 |
Potency of General Anesthetics | p. 124 |
Specific Gases and Volatile Liquids | p. 124 |
Specific Intravenous Agents | p. 125 |
Local Anesthetics | p. 126 |
Organization of Class | p. 126 |
Mechanism of Action | p. 127 |
Special Features About Individual Agents | p. 127 |
Chemotherapeutic Agents | |
Introduction to Chemotherapy | p. 131 |
Approach to the Antimicrobials | p. 131 |
General Principles of Therapy | p. 131 |
Definitions | p. 132 |
Important Concepts to Understand | p. 132 |
Classification of Antimicrobials | p. 134 |
Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis | p. 136 |
General Features | p. 136 |
ß-Lactams | p. 136 |
Penicillins | p. 138 |
Cephalosporins | p. 139 |
Carbapenems | p. 140 |
Monobactams (Aztreonam) | p. 140 |
Other Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis | p. 141 |
Vancomycin | p. 141 |
Bacitracin | p. 141 |
Fosfomycin | p. 141 |
Daptomycin | p. 141 |
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors | p. 142 |
General Features | p. 142 |
Aminoglycosides | p. 142 |
Tetracyclines | p. 143 |
Macrolides | p. 144 |
Streptogramins and Oxazolidinones | p. 145 |
Chloramphenicol | p. 146 |
Clindamycin | p. 146 |
Folate Antagonists | p. 147 |
Mechanism of Action | p. 147 |
Selected Features | p. 148 |
Quinolones and Urinary Tract Antiseptics | p. 149 |
Drugs in This Group | p. 149 |
Quinolones | p. 149 |
Methenamine | p. 150 |
Drugs Used in Tuberculosis and Leprosy | p. 151 |
Organization of Class | p. 151 |
Isoniazid | p. 152 |
Rifampin | p. 152 |
Pyrazinamide | p. 153 |
Ethambutol | p. 153 |
Dapsone | p. 153 |
Antifungal Drugs | p. 155 |
Organization of Class | p. 155 |
Azole Antifungals | p. 156 |
Polyene Antifungals | p. 157 |
Echinocandins | p. 158 |
Terbinafine | p. 158 |
Anthelmintic Drugs | p. 159 |
Organization of Class | p. 159 |
Drugs Used Against Cestodes and Trematodes | p. 159 |
Drugs Used Against Nematodes | p. 160 |
Drugs Used Against Filaria | p. 160 |
Antiviral Drugs | p. 162 |
Organization of Class | p. 162 |
Anti-HIV Drugs | p. 163 |
Drugs Used in Influenza | p. 164 |
Other Antivirals | p. 165 |
Antiprotozoal Drugs | p. 166 |
Organization of Class | p. 166 |
Metronidazole | p. 167 |
Antimalarial Agents | p. 167 |
Therapeutic Considerations | p. 168 |
Special Features | p. 168 |
Anticancer Drugs | p. 170 |
Organization of Class | p. 170 |
Terminology and General Principles of Therapy | p. 171 |
Adverse Effects | p. 173 |
Cytotoxic Drugs | p. 174 |
Alkylating Agents | p. 174 |
Antimetabolites | p. 175 |
Antibiotics and Other Natural Products | p. 176 |
Antibodies | p. 178 |
Other Cytotoxic Drugs | p. 178 |
Hormonal Agents | p. 179 |
Kinase Inhibitors | p. 180 |
Miscellaneous Agents | p. 180 |
Drugs That Affect the Endocrine System | |
Adrenocortical Hormones | p. 185 |
Organization of Class | p. 185 |
Glucocorticoids | p. 187 |
Mineralocorticoids | p. 188 |
Inhibitors of Adrenocorticoid Synthesis | p. 188 |
Sex Steroids | p. 189 |
Organization of Class | p. 189 |
Estrogens | p. 191 |
Antiestrogens | p. 191 |
Progestins | p. 192 |
Antiprogestins | p. 192 |
Oral Contraceptives | p. 192 |
Androgens | p. 193 |
Antiandrogens | p. 194 |
GnRH Agonists and Antagonists | p. 194 |
PDE5 Inhibitors | p. 195 |
Thyroid and Parathyroid Drugs | p. 196 |
Organization of Class | p. 196 |
Thyroid Replacement Therapy | p. 197 |
Drugs That Are Thyroid Downers | p. 197 |
Parathyroid Drugs | p. 197 |
Insulin, Glucagon, and Oral Hypoglycemic Drugs | p. 199 |
Organization of Class | p. 199 |
Insulins | p. 200 |
Oral Hypoglycemic Agents | p. 201 |
Miscellaneous Drugs | |
Histamine and Antihistamines | p. 205 |
Organization of Class | p. 205 |
H1 Receptor Antagonists | p. 205 |
Respiratory Drugs | p. 208 |
Organization of Class | p. 208 |
ß-Agonists | p. 209 |
Leukotriene Modifiers | p. 209 |
Methylxanthines | p. 210 |
Cholinergic Antagonists | p. 210 |
Cromolyn and Omalizumab | p. 210 |
Pulmonary Hypertension | p. 210 |
Drugs that Affect the GI Tract | p. 212 |
Organization of Class | p. 212 |
Drugs That Act in the Upper GI Tract | p. 212 |
Drugs That Act in the Lower GI Tract | p. 213 |
Nonnarcotic Analgesics and Anti-Inflammatory Drugs | p. 216 |
Organization of Class | p. 216 |
Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs | p. 216 |
Cox-2 Inhibitors | p. 218 |
Salicylates, Including Aspirin | p. 218 |
Acetaminophen | p. 220 |
Other Drugs for Arthritis | p. 220 |
Antigout Agents | p. 221 |
Drugs Used in the Treatment of Headaches | p. 222 |
Immunosuppressives | p. 223 |
Organization of Class | p. 223 |
Calcineurin Inhibitors | p. 223 |
Mycophenolate Mofetil and Azathioprine | p. 224 |
Monoclonal Antibodies | p. 224 |
Drugs Used in Osteoporosis | p. 225 |
Organization of Class | p. 225 |
Bisphosphonates | p. 226 |
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators | p. 226 |
Estrogens | p. 226 |
Parathyroid Hormone | p. 227 |
Calcitonin | p. 227 |
Other Agents | p. 227 |
Toxicology and Poisoning | p. 228 |
Principles of Toxicology | p. 228 |
General Principles in the Treatment of Poisoning | p. 228 |
Specific Antidotes | p. 229 |
Index | p. 231 |
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The Used, Rental and eBook copies of this book are not guaranteed to include any supplemental materials. Typically, only the book itself is included. This is true even if the title states it includes any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.