Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology

by Garrity, George; Brenner, Don J.; Krieg, Noel R.; Staley, James T.; Boone, David R.

• ISBN13: 9780387241456
• ISBN10: 0387241450
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2005-09-01
• Publisher: Springer Nature

Summary

Since publication of the first edition of Bergeya??s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, it has become recognized throughout the world as the principal monographic work in the field of prokaryotic biology. Like a dictionary to a writer, the Manual is usually the first reference that a microbiologist consults when questions arise regarding the characteristics of an unfamiliar species or an unknown strain that bears some similarity to a more familiar one. While the first edition has served the community well for many years, it has become outdated. As a result, the editorial board of Bergeya??s Manual Trust, in collaboration with more than 500 of the worlda??s leading authorities in prokaryotic systematics, is in the process of revising Bergeya??s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology so that it reflects current thinking and advances in the field. Background Rapid advances in DNA sequencing technology have led to a major change in the way that prokaryotes are classified. Sequence analysis of highly conserved regions of the bacterial genome, such as the small subunit rRNA gene, now provide us with a universal method of estimating the evolutionary relationships among all organisms. Such gene-based phylogenetic classifications have led to many new discoveries about prokaryotes that were not reflected in the classification used in the first edition of the Manual. We now know that the prokaryotes fall into two broad domains: the Archaea and the Bacteria. Whereas the Archaea were once thought of as the more primitive of the prokaryotic lineages, we now realize that they are more closely related to the eukaryotes than to the Bacteria by this measure. We have come to realize that many taxa based on shared phenotypic features may be quite distinct from one another based on phylogenetic evidence. The Chromatium, a genus of anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria are more closely related to E. coli than to some other lineages of anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria; Mycoplasma and other cell-wall deficient species are members of the Gram-positive clade; the medically important Chlamydia are aligned with the Planctomyces; and the Clostridium, which form a phenotypically coherent group, fall into more than a dozen phylogenetically disparate groups of Gram-positive bacteria. We have also come to realize that prokaryotes represent one of the major sources of biodiversity in nature and play a major role in the functioning of all ecosystems. In addition to such fundamental revelations, the widespread application of new methods of classifying prokaryotes has led to an explosive growth in the number of validly published species and higher taxa. Since completion of the first edition of the Manual, the number of published species has more than tripled and has been accompanied by numerous taxonomic realignments that take into consideration newly published findings. Phylogenetic classification is now broadly accepted as the preferred method of representing taxonomic relationships among prokaryotes and eukaryotes alike. While the evolutionary history of the prokaryotes is far from complete, there is already sufficient data to provide a reasonable view of the major lines of descent of the cultivable species. Although the second edition of the Manual retains ita??s unique and highly structured style of presentation of information along genus and species lines, the arrangement of content is along the phylogenetic lines of the small subunit rRNA gene, so that the reader is presented with the information in a more natural, biological perspective. The second edition of the Manual also contains more in-depth ecological information about individual taxa and many new introductory essays. In the preface to the first edition of Bergeya??s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, published in 1923, one of the stated goals of that work was to "stimu

Table of Contents

Preface to Volume Two of the Second Edition of Bergey's Manual® of Systematic Bacteriology	ix
Preface to the First Edition of Bergey's Manual® of Systematic Bacteriology	xi
Preface to the First Edition of Bergey's Manual® of Determinative Bacteriology	xiii
Contributors	xxiii
Class I. Alphaproteobacteria	1	(574)
Rhodospirillales	1	(95)
Family I. Rhodospirillaceae	1	(40)
Genus I. Rhodospirillum	1	(6)
Genus II. Azospirillum	7	(20)
Genus III. Levispirillum	27	(1)
Genus IV. Magnetospirillum	28	(4)
Genus V. Phaeospirillum	32	(1)
Genus VI. Rhodocista	33	(2)
Genus VII. Rhodospira	35	(1)
Genus VIII. Rhodovibrio	36	(1)
Genus IX. Roseospira	37	(2)
Genus X. Roseospirillum	39	(1)
Genus XI. Skermanella	39	(1)
Genus Incertae Sedis XII. ``Sporospirillum''	40	(1)
Family II. Acetobacteraceae	41	(55)
Genus I. Acetobacter	51	(3)
Genus II. Acidiphilium	54	(8)
Genus III. Acidisphaera	62	(3)
Genus IV. Acidocella	65	(3)
Genus V. Acidomonas	68	(1)
Genus VI. Asaia	69	(1)
Genus VII. Craurococcus	70	(2)
Genus VIII. Gluconacetobacter	72	(5)
Genus IX. Gluconobacter	77	(4)
Genus X. Paracraurococcus	81	(2)
Genus XI. Rhodopila	83	(2)
Genus XII. Roseococcus	85	(3)
Genus XIII. Roseomonas	88	(5)
Genus XIV. Stella	93	(2)
Genus XV. Zavarzinia	95	(1)
Rickettsiales	96	(65)
Family I. Rickettsiaceae	96	(21)
Genus I. Rickettsia	96	(18)
Genus II. Orientia	114	(3)
Family II. Anaplasmataceae	117	(29)
Genus I. Anaplasma	117	(8)
Genus II. Ehrlichia	125	(7)
Genus III. Neorickettsia	132	(6)
Genus IV. Wolbachia	138	(5)
Genus Incertae Sedis V. Aegyptianella	143	(3)
Family III. Holosporaceae	146	(15)
Genus I. Holospora	149	(3)
Genus Incertae Sedis II. Caedibacter	152	(4)
Genus Incertae Sedis III. Lyticum	156	(1)
Genus Incertae Sedis IV. Candidatus Odyssella	157	(1)
Genus Incertae Sedis V. Candidatus Paracaedibacter	157	(1)
Genus Incertae Sedis VI. Pseudocaedibacter	158	(2)
Genus Incertae Sedis VII. ``Pseudolyticum''	160	(1)
Genus Incertae Sedis VIII. Tectibacter	160	(1)
Rhodobacterales	161	(69)
Family I. Rhodobacteraceae	161	(69)
Genus I. Rhodobacter	161	(6)
Genus II. Ahrensia	167	(1)
Genus III. Amaricoccus	168	(4)
Genus IV. Antarctobacter	172	(2)
Genus V. Gemmobacter	174	(2)
Genus VI. Hirschia	176	(3)
Genus VII. Hyphomonas	179	(8)
Genus VIII. Ketogulonicigenium	187	(1)
Genus IX. Maricaulis	188	(4)
Genus X. Methylarcula	192	(2)
Genus XI. Octadecabacter	194	(3)
Genus XII. Paracoccus	197	(7)
Genus XIII. Rhodobaca	204	(1)
Genus XIV. Rhodovulum	205	(4)
Genus XV. Roseibium	209	(1)
Genus XVI. Roseinatronobacter	209	(1)
Genus XVII. Roseivivax	210	(2)
Genus XVIII. Roseobacter	212	(3)
Genus XIX. Roseovarius	215	(2)
Genus XX. Rubrimonas	217	(1)
Genus XXI. Ruegeria	218	(1)
Genus XXII. Sagittula	219	(2)
Genus XXIII. Staleya	221	(2)
Genus XXIV. Stappia	223	(1)
Genus XXV. Sulfitobacter	224	(4)
Genus Incertae Sedis XXVI. Rhodothalassium	228	(2)
Sphingomonadales	230	(57)
Family I. Sphingomonadaceae	233	(54)
Genus I. Sphingomonas	234	(24)
Genus II. Blastomonas	258	(5)
Genus III. ``Citromicrobium''	263	(4)
Genus IV. Erythrobacter	267	(1)
Genus V. Erythromicrobium	268	(6)
Genus VI. Erythromonas	274	(1)
Genus VII. Porphyrobacter	275	(4)
Genus VIII. Sandaracinobacter	279	(3)
Genus IX. Zymomonas	282	(5)
Caulobacterales	287	(37)
Family I. Caulobacteraceae	287	(37)
Genus I. Caulobacter	287	(16)
Genus II. Asticcacaulis	303	(5)
Genus III. Brevundimonas	308	(8)
Genus IV. Phenylobacterium	316	(8)
Rhizobiales	324	(251)
Family I. Rhizobiaceae	324	(38)
Genus I. Rhizobium	325	(15)
Genus II. Agrobacterium	340	(5)
Genus III. Allorhizobium	345	(1)
Genus IV. Carbophilus	346	(1)
Genus V. Chelatobacter	347	(7)
Genus VI. Ensifer	354	(4)
Genus VII. Sinorhizobium	358	(4)
Family II. Bartonellaceae	362	(8)
Genus I. Bartonella	362	(8)
Family III. Brucellaceae	370	(23)
Genus I. Brucella	370	(16)
Genus II. Mycoplana	386	(3)
Genus III. Ochrobactrum	389	(4)
Family IV. Phyllobacteriaceae	393	(18)
Genus I. Phyllobacterium	394	(3)
Genus II. Aminobacter	397	(2)
Genus III. Aquamicrobium	399	(1)
Genus IV. Defluvibacter	400	(1)
Genus V. Candidatus Liberibacter	400	(3)
Genus VI. Mesorhizobium	403	(6)
Genus VII. Pseudaminobacter	409	(2)
Family V. Methylocystaceae	411	(11)
Genus I. Methylocystis	413	(3)
Genus II. Albibacter	416	(1)
Genus III. Methylosinus	417	(3)
Genus Incertae Sedis IV. Methylopila	420	(2)
Family VI. Beijerinckiaceae	422	(16)
Genus I. Beijerinckia	423	(10)
Genus II. Chelatococcus	433	(4)
Genus III. Methylocella	437	(1)
Family VII. Bradyrhizobiaceae	438	(38)
Genus I. Bradyrhizobium	438	(5)
Genus II. Afipia	443	(5)
Genus III. Agromonas	448	(4)
Genus IV. Blastobacter	452	(7)
Genus V. Bosea	459	(2)
Genus VI. Nitrobacter	461	(7)
Genus VII. Oligotropha	468	(3)
Genus VIII. Rhodoblastus	471	(2)
Genus IX. Rhodopseudomonas	473	(3)
Family VIII. Hyphomicrobiaceae	476	(91)
Genus I. Hyphomicrobium	476	(18)
Genus II. Ancalomicrobium	494	(3)
Genus III. Ancylobacter	497	(4)
Genus IV. Angulomicrobium	501	(3)
Genus V. Aquabacter	504	(1)
Genus VI. Azorhizobium	505	(1)
Genus VII. Blastochloris	506	(3)
Genus VIII. Devosia	509	(4)
Genus IX. Dichotomicrobium	513	(5)
Genus X. Filomicrobium	518	(2)
Genus XI. Gemmiger	520	(3)
Genus XII. Labrys	523	(2)
Genus XIII. Methylorhabdus	525	(2)
Genus XIV. Pedomicrobium	527	(11)
Genus XV. Prosthecomicrobium	538	(5)
Genus XVI. Rhodomicrobium	543	(2)
Genus XVII. Rhodoplanes	545	(4)
Genus XVIII. Seliberia	549	(5)
Genus XIX. Starkeya	554	(1)
Genus XX. Xanthobacter	555	(12)
Family IX. Methylobacteriaceae	567	(8)
Genus I. Methylobacterium	567	(4)
Family X. Rhodobiaceae	571	(1)
Genus I. Rhodobium	571	(4)
Class II. Betaproteobacteria	575	(347)
Burkholderiales	575	(188)
Family I. Burkholderiaceae	575	(48)
Genus I. Burkholderia	575	(25)
Genus II. Cupriavidus	600	(4)
Genus III. Lautropia	604	(1)
Genus IV. Pandoraea	605	(2)
Genus V. Paucimonas	607	(1)
Genus VI. Polynucleobacter	607	(2)
Genus VII. Ralstonia	609	(11)
Genus VIII. Thermothrix	620	(3)
Family II. Oxalobacteraceae	623	(24)
Genus I. Oxalobacter	624	(4)
Genus II. Duganella	628	(1)
Genus III. Herbaspirillum	629	(7)
Genus IV. Janthinobacterium	636	(7)
Genus V. Massilia	643	(1)
Genus VI. Telluria	643	(4)
Family III. Alcaligenaceae	647	(39)
Genus I. Alcaligenes	653	(5)
Genus II. Achromobacter	658	(4)
Genus III. Bordetella	662	(9)
Genus IV. Derxia	671	(3)
Genus V. Oligella	674	(4)
Genus VI. Pelistega	678	(3)
Genus VII. Pigmentiphaga	681	(1)
Genus VIII. Sutterella	682	(2)
Genus IX. Taylorella	684	(2)
Family IV. Comamonadaceae	686	(77)
Genus I. Comamonas	689	(7)
Genus II. Acidovorax	696	(8)
Genus III. Brachymonas	704	(2)
Genus IV. Delftia	706	(4)
Genus V. Hydrogenophaga	710	(6)
Genus VI. Lampropedia	716	(5)
Genus VII. Macromonas	721	(3)
Genus VIII. Polaromonas	724	(3)
Genus IX. Rhodoferax	727	(5)
Genus X. Variovorax	732	(3)
Genus Incertae Sedis XI. Aquabacterium	735	(3)
Genus Incertae Sedis XII. Ideonella	738	(2)
Genus Incertae Sedis XIII. Leptothrix	740	(6)
Genus Incertae Sedis XIV. Roseateles	746	(3)
Genus Incertae Sedis XV. Rubrivivax	749	(1)
Genus Incertae Sedis XVI. Sphaerotilus	750	(5)
Genus Incertae Sedis XVII. Tepidimonas	755	(2)
Genus Incertae Sedis XVIII. Thiomonas	757	(2)
Genus Incertae Sedis XIX. Xylophilus	759	(4)
Hydrogenophilales	763	(7)
Family I. Hydrogenophilaceae	763	(7)
Genus I. Hydrogenophilus	763	(1)
Genus II. Thiobacillus	764	(6)
Methylophilales	770	(4)
Family I. Methylophilaceae	770	(4)
Genus I. Methylophilus	770	(1)
Genus II. Methylobacillus	771	(2)
Genus III. Methylovorus	773	(1)
Neisseriales	774	(89)
Family I. Neisseriaceae	775	(88)
Genus I. Neisseria	777	(21)
Genus II. Alysiella	798	(3)
Genus III. Aquaspirillum	801	(23)
Genus IV. Chromobacterium	824	(4)
Genus V. Eikenella	828	(4)
Genus VI. Formivibrio	832	(1)
Genus VII. Iodobacter	833	(3)
Genus VIII. Kingella	836	(4)
Genus IX. Microvirgula	840	(1)
Genus X. Prolinoborus	841	(3)
Genus XI. Simonsiella	844	(7)
Genus XII. Vitreoscilla	851	(7)
Genus XIII. Vogesella	858	(1)
Genus Incertae Sedis XIV. Catenococcus	859	(2)
Genus Incertae Sedis XV. Morococcus	861	(2)
Nitrosomonadales	863	(24)
Family I. Nitrosomonadaceae	864	(6)
Genus I. Nitrosomonas	864	(4)
Genus II. Nitrosolobus	868	(1)
Genus III. Nitrosospira	868	(1)
Genus IV. ``Nitrosovibrio''	869	(1)
Family II. Spirillaceae	870	(10)
Genus I. Spirillum	870	(10)
Family III. Gallionellaceae	880	(7)
Genus I. Gallionella	880	(7)
Rhodocyclales	887	(35)
Family I. Rhodocyclaceae	887	(35)
Genus I. Rhodocyclus	887	(3)
Genus II. Azoarcus	890	(11)
Genus III. Azonexus	901	(1)
Genus IV. Azospira	902	(1)
Genus V. Azovibrio	902	(1)
Genus VI. Dechloromonas	903	(1)
Genus VII. Dechlorosoma	904	(1)
Genus VIII. Ferribacterium	904	(1)
Genus IX. Propionibacter	905	(1)
Genus X. Propionivibrio	906	(1)
Genus XI. Thauera	907	(6)
Genus XII. Zoogloea	913	(9)
Class IV. Deltaproteobacteria	922	(223)
Desulfurellales	922	(3)
Family I. Desulfurellaceae	923	(2)
Genus I. Desulfurella	923	(2)
Genus II. Hippea	925	(1)
Desulfovibrionales	925	(34)
Family I. Desulfovibrionaceae	926	(18)
Genus I. Desulfovibrio	926	(12)
Genus II. Bilophila	938	(2)
Genus III. Lawsonia	940	(4)
Family II. Desulfomicrobiaceae	944	(4)
Genus I. Desulfomicrobium	944	(4)
Family III. Desulfohalobiaceae	948	(8)
Genus I. Desulfohalobium	949	(4)
Genus II. Desulfonatronovibrio	953	(2)
Genus III. Desulfothermus	955	(1)
Family IV. Desulfonatronumaceae	956	(3)
Genus I. Desulfonatronum	956	(3)
Desulfobacterales	959	(44)
Family I. Desulfobacteraceae	959	(29)
Genus I. Desulfobacter	961	(4)
Genus II. Desulfobacterium	965	(3)
Genus III. Desulfobacula	968	(2)
Genus IV. Desulfobotulus	970	(1)
Genus V. Desulfocella	971	(1)
Genus VI. Desulfococcus	972	(3)
Genus VII. Desulfofaba	975	(1)
Genus VIII. Desulfofrigus	976	(1)
Genus IX. Desulfonema	977	(4)
Genus X. Desulfosarcina	981	(3)
Genus XI. Desulfospira	984	(3)
Genus XII. Desulfotignum	987	(1)
Family II. Desulfobulbaceae	988	(11)
Genus I. Desulfobulbus	988	(4)
Genus II. Desulfocapsa	992	(2)
Genus III. Desulfofustis	994	(1)
Genus IV. Desulforhopalus	995	(2)
Genus V. Desulfotalea	997	(2)
Family III. Nitrospinaceae	999	(4)
Genus I. Nitrospina	999	(4)
Desulfarcales	1003	(2)
Family I. Desulfarculaceae	1003	(2)
Genus I. Desulfarculus	1004	(1)
Desulfuromonales	1005	(16)
Family I. Desulfuromonaceae	1006	(11)
Genus I. Desulfuromonas	1007	(3)
Genus II. Desulfuromusa	1010	(2)
Genus III. Malonomonas	1012	(1)
Genus IV. Pelobacter	1013	(4)
Family II. Geobacteraceae	1017	(4)
Genus I. Geobacter	1017	(3)
Genus II. Trichlorobacter	1020	(1)
Syntrophobacterales	1021	(19)
Family I. Syntrophobacteraceae	1021	(12)
Genus I. Syntrophobacter	1021	(6)
Genus II. Desulfacinum	1027	(2)
Genus III. Desulforhabdus	1029	(1)
Genus IV. Desulfovirga	1030	(1)
Genus V. Thermodesulforhabdus	1031	(2)
Family II. Syntrophaceae	1033	(7)
Genus I. Syntrophus	1033	(2)
Genus II. Desulfobacca	1035	(1)
Genus III. Desulfomonile	1036	(3)
Genus IV. Smithella	1039	(1)
Bdellovibrionales	1040	(19)
Family I. Bdellovibrionaceae	1040	(19)
Genus I. Bdellovibrio	1041	(12)
Genus II. Bacteriovorax	1053	(4)
Genus III. Micavibrio	1057	(1)
Genus IV. Vampirovibrio	1058	(1)
Myxococcales	1059	(86)
Family I. Myxococcaceae	1073	(12)
Genus I. Myxococcus	1074	(5)
Genus II. Corallococcus	1079	(4)
Genus III. Pyxicoccus	1083	(2)
Family II. Cystobacteraceae	1085	(24)
Genus I. Cystobacter	1086	(11)
Genus II. Archangium	1097	(2)
Genus III. Hyalangium	1099	(2)
Genus IV. Melittangium	1101	(3)
Genus V. Stigmatella	1104	(5)
Family III. Polyangiaceae	1109	(27)
Genus I. Polyangium	1110	(8)
Genus II. Byssophaga	1118	(3)
Genus III. Chondromyces	1121	(8)
Genus IV. Haploangium	1129	(1)
Genus V. Jahnia	1130	(2)
Genus VI. Sorangium	1132	(4)
Family IV. Nannocystaceae	1136	(9)
Genus I. Nannocystis	1137	(6)
Family V. Kofleriaceae	1143	(1)
Genus I. Kofleria	1143	(2)
Class V. Epsilonproteobacteria	1145	(50)
Campylobacterales	1145	(50)
Family I. Campylobacteraceae	1145	(23)
Genus I. Campylobacter	1147	(14)
Genus II. Arcobacter	1161	(4)
Genus III. Sulfurospirillum	1165	(3)
Family II. Helicobacteraceae	1168	(27)
Genus I. Helicobacter	1169	(20)
Genus II. Thiovulum	1189	(2)
Genus III. Wolinella	1191	(4)
Bibliography	1195	(168)
Index	1363