The Best Teachers' Test Preparation for the Praxis Plt Test: Grades 7-12 : Principles of Learning and Teaching Test

by Davis, Anita Price

• ISBN13: 9780878914296
• ISBN10: 0878914293
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2002-08-01
• Publisher: Research & Education Assn

Table of Contents

Passing the PLT	3	(20)
About this Book	3	(1)
About the Praxis Series	4	(1)
About the Principles of Learning and Teaching Tests	5	(2)
How to Use this Book	7	(1)
Format of the PLT 7-12	8	(4)
About the Review Sections	12	(1)
Scoring the PLT	13	(1)
Score Reporting	14	(1)
Studying for the PLT	14	(1)
Test-taking Tips	15	(2)
The Day of the Test	17	(2)
PLT Study Schedule	19	(4)
Teaching Them All	23	(46)
Overview	23	(1)
Student Development and Maturation	24	(2)
Theories of Cognitive Development	26	(4)
Identity Achievement and Diffusion	30	(3)
Learning Factors	33	(1)
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs	33	(2)
Effective Instruction	35	(4)
Metacognition	39	(1)
Motivation	40	(3)
Jointly Constructed Meaning	43	(6)
Learning about the Community	49	(2)
Stabilizing Strengths of the Community	51	(2)
Coping with Problems in the Community	53	(2)
Nature and Nurture	55	(4)
Diversity	59	(3)
Environmental Factors	62	(1)
Emotional Factors	63	(3)
References	66	(3)
The Physical and Emotional Environment of the Classroom	69	(10)
Overview	69	(1)
Physical Environment	70	(1)
Social and Emotional Climate	71	(2)
Academic Learning Time	73	(1)
Classroom Behavior	74	(2)
Behavior Patterns	76	(3)
Substance Abuse by Students	79	(10)
Overview	79	(1)
Behaviors Tending Toward Substance Abuse	80	(5)
Physical and Behavioral Characteristics of Students Under the Influence of Drugs	85	(1)
The Use of Referrals	86	(1)
Teaching About the Dangers of Substance Abuse	87	(1)
References	88	(1)
Physical Abuse of Students	89	(6)
Overview	89	(1)
Symptoms of Abuse	90	(2)
Visible Signs of Abuse	92	(1)
How to Report Suspicions of Abuse	93	(2)
Managing Students Behavior in the Classroom	95	(26)
Overview	95	(2)
Cognitive Development and Moral Decision Making	97	(4)
Learning Styles and Personality Types	101	(1)
Standards for Classroom Behavior	102	(1)
Rules and the Student's Role in Decision Making	103	(3)
The Teacher's Role	106	(5)
Rules and School Safety Issues	111	(4)
``With it'' -ness in the Classroom	115	(2)
Parent-Teacher Communication	117	(2)
References	119	(2)
Teacher Effectiveness I: Goal-Setting	121	(8)
Overview	121	(3)
Identify Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes	124	(1)
Construct or Adapt Short-Range Objectives	125	(2)
Organize and Sequence Short-Range Objectives	127	(2)
Teacher Effectiveness II: Materials, Activities, Managing Time	129	(18)
Overview	129	(2)
Educational Resources	131	(1)
Planning for Resources	131	(1)
Print Resources	132	(1)
Visual Materials	133	(1)
Videodisc and Interactive Video	134	(1)
Human Resources	135	(1)
Procedures for Learning Success	136	(1)
Organizing Activities	137	(2)
Outcome-Oriented Learning	139	(1)
Planning and Performance of the Classroom Teacher	140	(1)
Beginning Classwork Promptly	141	(1)
Student Activity	142	(2)
Transitions	144	(2)
Summary	146	(1)
Teacher Effectiveness III: Communication in the Classroom	147	(12)
Overview	147	(1)
Principles of Verbal Communication	148	(1)
Voice	149	(1)
Nonverbal Communication	150	(1)
Eye Contact	150	(2)
Body Language	152	(1)
Media Communication	152	(1)
Summary	153	(1)
Planning Processes	153	(3)
Self-Directed Learning	156	(3)
Teacher Effectiveness IV: Methods & Implementation	159	(18)
Overview	159	(1)
Deductive Strategies	160	(2)
Inductive Strategies	162	(4)
Cooperative Strategies	166	(1)
Discussion Strategies	166	(1)
Comparison/Contrast	167	(1)
Teaching Styles	168	(2)
Directions	170	(1)
Objectives	171	(1)
Performance Standards	172	(1)
Supplies	173	(1)
Classroom Assessment	174	(2)
References	176	(1)
Enhancing Comprehension and Mastery of Material	177	(14)
Overview	177	(1)
Questioning	178	(2)
The Six Levels of Taxonomy	180	(2)
Vary Practice Activities	182	(3)
Reinforce Retention of Specific Information	185	(1)
Provide a Variety of Activities to Promote Retention	186	(1)
Assist Students During Seatwork	187	(2)
Practice Activities Promote Long-Term Retention	189	(2)
Student Participation, Feedback, and Review	191	(34)
Overview	191	(3)
Effective Use of Language	194	(1)
Relationship Between Teachers and Students	194	(2)
Feedback	196	(1)
Digressions	197	(1)
Connected Discourse	198	(1)
Marker Expressions	198	(1)
Task Attraction and Challenge	199	(1)
Scrambled Discourse, Vagueness, and Question Overload	200	(1)
Provide Clear Feedback to Students	200	(5)
Make Specific Statements About Students' Responses	205	(2)
Methods of Correcting Students' Errors	207	(5)
Recapping Significant Points	212	(2)
Thesis, Antithesis, and Synthesis	214	(1)
Recapping Discussion and Reviewing Subject Matter	214	(2)
End of the Lesson Recap	216	(1)
Journal Writing	217	(1)
Cooperative Learning	217	(2)
Weekly and Monthly Reviews	219	(2)
Summary	221	(4)
Assessment, Tests, and Measurement	225	(42)
Overview	225	(2)
Purposes of Assessment	227	(1)
Teacher-Made Tests	228	(1)
Authentic Assessments	229	(3)
Standardized Testing	232	(3)
Performance-Based Assessment	235	(1)
Classroom Tests	236	(1)
Principles of Test Construction	237	(1)
Test Blueprints	238	(2)
Test Items	240	(3)
Constructing Test Questions	243	(5)
Scoring the Test	248	(2)
Evaluating and Revising Tests	250	(3)
Preparation for Testing	253	(2)
Test Administration	255	(2)
Formative Feedback	257	(1)
Recording Student and Class Progress	258	(3)
Reporting Student and Class Progress	261	(2)
Maintaining Permanent Student Records	263	(1)
Understanding the Importance of Student Records	264	(1)
Summary	265	(2)
Technology in the Classroom	267	(10)
Overview	267	(1)
Educational Technology in the Primary Classroom	267	(3)
Educational Technology in the Secondary Classroom	270	(5)
Copyright Laws for Computer Programs	275	(2)
Practice Test 1	277	(50)
Case Study I	279	(4)
Constructed-Response Items	282	(1)
Case Study II	283	(5)
Constructed-Response Items	287	(1)
Case Study III	288	(39)
Constructed-Response Items	292	(1)
Multiple-Choice Questions	293	(5)
Answer Key	298	(1)
Detailed Explanations of Answers	299	(28)
Practice Test 2	327	(24)
Case Study I	329	(5)
Constructed-Response Items	333	(1)
Case Study II	334	(5)
Constructed-Response Items	339	(1)
Case Study III	339	(12)
Constructed-Response Items	343	(1)
Multiple-Choice Questions	344	(6)
Answer Key	350	(1)
Detailed Explanations of Answers	351