Beyond Community Policing: From Early American Beginnings to the 21st Century

by Chriss,James J.

• ISBN13: 9781594518461
• ISBN10: 1594518467
• Format: Nonspecific Binding
• Copyright: 2010-12-30
• Publisher: Routledge

Summary

Beyond Community Policinguses history and general sociological theory to examine the trajectory of municipal policing from Britain in the 1830s to its adoption and evolution in the America. By analyzing the uncertain and uneven historical development of policing, this book illustrates in great detail the functional connections between cities (or communities) and police departments. Chriss also considers the development of municipal policing in the American West between 1850 and 1890, which helps to situate the current discussion of policing in the post 9/11 United States.

Table of Contents

List of Tables and Figures	p. viii
Acknowledgments	p. ix
Permissions	p. xi
Explaining the Police	p. 1
The Anomaly of the Police	p. 3
Sociology and Criminology	p. 4
Some Conceptual Issues	p. 6
The Trials and Tribulations of Police Authority	p. 11
Bittner's Principle	p. 16
An Overview of the Book	p. 18
Three Eras of Policing	p. 25
Early Policing in London	p. 26
The American Situation	p. 28
Political Spoils	p. 29
Reform and Early Professionalization	p. 31
Community Policing	p. 36
Conclusion	p. 46
Policing in the Wild West	p. 49
The Concept of the Frontier	p. 52
Lewis and Clark, and Beyond	p. 54
Growing Populations, Army Intervention, and Territorial Policing	p. 55
Frontier Towns, Instability, and Lawlessness	p. 58
The Code of the West	p. 60
The Case of Wichita, Kansas	p. 63
Conclusion	p. 65
Integrity Testing and the Decision to Arrest	p. 69
Why Integrity Testing?	p. 71
Examples of Integrity Tests	p. 73
Ethics of Integrity Testing	p. 74
The Decision to Arrest	p. 76
Conclusion	p. 84
Post 9-11 Policing: A Functional Analysis	p. 87
An Overview of Findings and Recommendations	p. 88
Community Policing and Beyond	p. 89
A Look at the New Paradigm of Policing: The Post 9-11 Model	p. 90
Institutionalism versus Functionalism	p. 92
Introducing Parsons' AGIL Schema	p. 95
Cybernetics and the Criminal Justice System	p. 99
The Post 9-11 Model in Relation to Police Functions	p. 103
Implementing Post 9-11 Policing	p. 107
Conclusion: Where Do We Go from Here?	p. 110
Elements of Police Discretion	p. 115
Factors in the Production of Discretion	p. 117
Increased Discretion with Role Diversity	p. 120
Decision Points in Police Discretion	p. 121
Eleven Working Rules for Police	p. 123
Can or Should Discretion Be Controlled?	p. 130
The Concept of Proactivity: From Indirect Conation to Modern Municipal Policing	p. 135
Preliminaries: The Beginnings of Proactivity	p. 135
True Beginnings: Lester F. Ward and Conation	p. 137
Ogburn and the Project of Social Prediction	p. 140
Proactivity in the 1950s and 1960s: Small Group and Communications Research	p. 142
Meso- and Macro-Levels	p. 143
Proactivity and Public Health	p. 144
Proactive Policing: A Beginning	p. 146
Negative and Positive Police Proactivity	p. 148
Summary and Conclusion	p. 150
Police as Contact Men and Women	p. 155
The Horizons of Patrol Work	p. 155
The Emergence of Professional Policing in America	p. 157
Police and Technology	p. 159
Boundary-Spanning Structures and Activities in the Police Organization	p. 160
Hirsch's Idea of the ôContact Manö	p. 162
The Contact Man within Modern Police Organizations	p. 163
Communities and Networks	p. 165
Police as Contact Persons within the Community	p. 167
Conclusion	p. 169
Security and Private Policing	p. 173
The Concept of Privacy	p. 174
Back to the Wild West	p. 177
Privacy and Security	p. 183
Economics and Privatization	p. 186
Conclusion	p. 194
Police and Society: A Summary of Principles	p. 199
	p. 200
	p. 201
	p. 203
	p. 204
	p. 205
	p. 207
	p. 208
	p. 209
	p. 211
Bibliography	p. 215
Index	p. 239
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