Biochemistry Primer for Exercise Science

by Houston, Michael E.

• ISBN13: 9780736036443
• ISBN10: 073603644X
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2001-02-01
• Publisher: Human Kinetics

Summary

Written by an exercise scientist with more than 30 years of experience teaching biochemistry, the new and updated second edition of >Biochemistry Primer for Exercise Science> will appeal to even biochemistry-challenged exercise physiology students.Like the popular first edition, this supplemental text is designed for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in exercise physiology and sports nutrition who lack a basic understanding of the science behind exercise biochemistry. The book presents essential concepts of biochemistry-molecular biology, basic chemistry, metabolism and transcription regulation-in a simple and easy-to-understand format. It also is a valuable reference for people working in exercise physiology research.>Biochemistry Primer for Exercise Science>, second edition, incorporates many exciting changes, including a more open and inviting design with 115 figures and many more examples relevant to sport and exercise. Other new features include the following:--A thoroughly updated and comprehensive reference list-An easy-access list of abbreviations-New topics, including an expanded chapter on carbohydrate metabolism-Key point elements and glossary for quick identification of important terms-Challenging review questionsUnlike other biochemistry texts containing 1, 000 or more pages, >Biochemistry Primer for Exercise Science>, second edition, is reasonably sized, giving exercise science students essential biochemistry basics without extraneous material.Part Ipresents the basic elements involved in molecular biology. Students will get an overview of amino acid building blocks, protein structure and the function of enzymes, and the components of DNA and RNA.InPart II, students will learn about the important elements involved in human metabolic reactions for carbohydrates, fats, and amino acids with continued emphasis on physical activity.Part IIIprovides essential information on gene transcription and protein synthesis and breakdown. Students will learn about different kinds of RNA and their function in human biochemistry from an exercise perspective.Students and researchers alike will find that this easy-to-understand and relevant text opens new doors to understanding the biochemistry of exercise and the exploration of exciting new developments in this ever-evolving field.

Author Biography

Michael Houston, PhD, completed his doctorate in 1969 before joining the department of kinesiology at the University of Waterloo, where he taught biochemistry to exercise science students for more than 25 years. Dr. Houston currently is professor and head of the department of human nutrition, foods and exercise at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in Blacksburg, Virginia. He is former president of the Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology and a member of the American College of Sports Medicine

Table of Contents

Abbreviations

Preface

Acknowledgments

Essential Background

Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins

The Nature of Amino Acids

Characteristics of Peptides

Structure of Proteins

Summary

Enzymes

Enzymes As Catalysts

Rates of Enzymatic Reactions

Provision of Reactive Groups by Cofactors

Classification of Enzymes

Oxidations and Reductions

Regulation of Enzyme Activity

Measurement of Enzyme Activity

Summary

Metabolism

Energy Systems and Bioenergetics

Energy Requirements of Skeletal Muscle

Energy-Rich Phosphates

Energy Systems

Bioenergetics

Summary

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Overview of Metabolism

Mitochondria

The Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transfers

Coupled Phosphorylation

Regulation of Oxidative Phosphorylation

Quantification of Redox Reactions

Oxidants and Antioxidants

Summary

Carbohydrate Metabolism

Carbohydrates

Cellular Uptake of Glucose

Phosphorylation of Glucose

Glycolysis

Glycogen Metabolism

Regulation of Glycogen Metabolism

Lactate Metabolism

Oxidation of Cytoplasmic NADH

Gluconeogenesis

The Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Signaling Pathways

Summary

Lipid Metabolism

Types of Lipids

Fat Stores

Oxidation of Fatty Acids

Oxidation of Ketone Bodies

Synthesis of Fatty Acids

Fat As a Fuel for Exercise

Metabolism During Exercise: Fat Versus Carbohydrate

Adipose Tissue As an Endocrine Tissue

Cholesterol

Summary

Amino Acid Metabolism

Overview of Amino Acid Metabolism

Degradation of Amino Acids

The Urea Cycle

Fate of Amino Acid Carbon Skeletons

Amino Acid Metabolism During Exercise

Additional Roles for Amino Acids

Summary

Transcription, Protein Synthesis, and Degradation

Gene Transcription and Its Control

DNA

Types of RNA

The Genetic Code

Transcription

Regulation of Transcription

Summary

Protein Synthesis and Degradation

Posttranscriptional Modifications of RNA

Translation

Regulation of Translation

Posttranslational Processing of Polypeptides

Protein Degradation

Summary

Answers to Review Questions

Glossary

References

Index

About the Author

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