Biomineralization From Nature to Application, Volume 4

by Sigel, Astrid; Sigel, Helmut; Sigel, Roland K. O.

• ISBN13: 9780470035252
• ISBN10: 0470035250
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2008-03-17
• Publisher: Wiley

Summary

Biomineralization is a hot topic in the area of materials, and this volume in the Metals Ions in Life Sciences series takes a systematic approach, dealing with all aspects from the fundamentals to applications. Key biological features of biomineralization, such as gene directed growth and the role of enzymes are covered, as are new areas, including copper/zinc in the jaws of invertebrates or magnetic biomaterials that help birds with navigation

Author Biography

Mrs. Astrid Sigel, Prof. Helmut Sigel and, c/o Dept. of Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 51, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland  

Professor Roland K. O. Sigel, Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland

Table of Contents

Historical Development and Perspectives of the Series	p. v
Preface to Volume 4	p. vii
Contributors to Volume 4	p. xvii
Titles of Volumes 1-44 in the Metal Ions in Biological Systems Series	p. xxi
Contents of Volumes in the Metal Ions in Life Sciences Series	p. xxiii
Crystals And Life: An Introduction	p. 1
Abstract	p. 2
Introduction	p. 2
Global Effects	p. 3
Minerals within Living Systems	p. 14
Concluding Remarks	p. 30
Acknowledgments	p. 32
Abbreviations	p. 32
References	p. 32
What Genes and Genomes Tell Us about Calcium Carbonate Biomineralization	p. 37
Abstract	p. 38
Introduction	p. 38
One Gene-One Protein Approaches	p. 39
Many Genes-One Structure Approaches	p. 50
General Conclusions	p. 64
Acknowledgments	p. 64
Abbreviations	p. 64
References	p. 65
The Role of Enzymes in Biomineralization Processes	p. 71
Abstract	p. 72
Introduction	p. 73
From Ions to Minerals: A Pathway Paved by Enzymes	p. 91
The ôEvolutionö of Solids: A Complex Network of Regulation	p. 105
Mimicking Nature: How Far Can the Design of Biomineralization Enzymes Take Us?	p. 112
Conclusions	p. 116
Acknowledgments	p. 116
Abbreviations	p. 116
References	p. 118
Metal-Bacteria Interactions at both the Planktonic Cell and Biofilm Levels	p. 127
Abstract	p. 128
Introduction	p. 128
Planktonic Bacterial Cells	p. 130
Metal-Microbe Interactions	p. 137
Microbial Biofilm Communities	p. 147
Biofilm Microenvironments and Their Impact on Geochemical Interactions	p. 150
Concluding Remarks	p. 160
Acknowledgments	p. 160
Abbreviations and Definitions	p. 161
References	p. 161
Biomineralization of Calcium Carbonate. The Interplay With Biosubstrates	p. 167
Abstract	p. 168
Introduction	p. 168
Control in Biological Mineralization	p. 173
Recent Perspectives on Mineralization Strategies	p. 176
CaCO3 Growth in Confinement	p. 182
Crystal Assembly	p. 185
In Vitro Studies of CaCO3 Mineralization	p. 186
Calcium Carbonate Nucleation and Growth on Artificial Substrates	p. 194
Summary and Outlook	p. 200
Acknowledgments	p. 200
Abbreviations	p. 201
References	p. 201
Sulfate-Containing Biominerals	p. 207
Abstract	p. 207
Sulfate-Containing Biominerals: An Overview	p. 208
Gypsum and Bassanite (Calcium Sulfates)	p. 208
Celestite (Strontium Sulfate)	p. 213
Barite (Barium Sulfate)	p. 214
Jarosite (Potassium Iron Hydroxide Sulfate)	p. 214
Concluding Remarks	p. 215
Acknowledgments	p. 215
References	p. 216
Oxalate Biominerals	p. 219
Abstract	p. 220
Introduction	p. 220
Metallic Oxalates: Physico-Chemical and Structural Properties	p. 221
Calcium Oxalates in Plants	p. 226
Calcium Oxalates in Other Forms of Life	p. 232
Other Oxalate Biominerals	p. 234
Pathological Oxalates	p. 240
Oxalates in the Environment	p. 242
Oxalate Degrading Systems	p. 245
Conclusions and Perspectives	p. 246
Acknowledgments	p. 247
Abbreviations	p. 248
References	p. 248
Molecular Processes of Biosilicification in Diatoms	p. 255
Abstract	p. 256
Introduction	p. 257
Silicon Transport	p. 262
Silica Structure Formation	p. 270
Regulation of Structure Formation	p. 281
Manipulation of Diatom Silica Structure	p. 284
Concluding Remarks and Future Directions	p. 288
Acknowledgments	p. 288
Abbreviations	p. 289
References	p. 289
Heavy Metals in the Jaws of Invertebrates	p. 295
Abstract	p. 295
Introduction	p. 296
Iron Biomineralization in Chitons and Limpets	p. 297
Copper and Zinc in Marine Worm Jaws	p. 300
Zinc and Manganese in Arthropods	p. 307
Heavy Metals and Jaw Mechanics	p. 311
General Conclusions	p. 319
Acknowledgment	p. 321
Abbreviations and Definitions	p. 321
References	p. 322
Ferritin. Biomineralization of Iron	p. 327
Abstract	p. 327
Introduction	p. 328
Protein Nanocage Structures	p. 329
Iron Entry: The Protein Ferroxidase Site	p. 330
Mineral Precursor Translocation, Nucleation, and Mineralization	p. 334
Ferritin Demineralization and the Nanocage Gated Pores	p. 334
Summary and Perspective	p. 336
Acknowledgments	p. 337
Abbreviations and Definitions	p. 338
References	p. 338
Magnetism and Molecular Biology of Magnetic Iron Minerals in Bacteria	p. 343
Abstract	p. 344
Introduction Magnetotactic Bacteria	p. 344
Molecular Biology of Magnetosome Chain Formation	p. 353
Magnetic Properties of Magnetosomes	p. 359
Conclusions	p. 371
Acknowledgments	p. 372
Abbreviations	p. 372
References	p. 372
Biominerals. Recorders of the Past?	p. 377
Abstract	p. 378
Introduction	p. 378
What Are Biominerals?	p. 380
Biominerals as Biosignatures?	p. 389
Tools to Study Biosignatures	p. 398
General Conclusions	p. 404
Acknowledgments	p. 405
Abbreviations	p. 405
References	p. 406
Dynamics of Biomineralization and Biodemineralization	p. 413
Abstract	p. 414
Introduction	p. 414
Nucleation and Crystal Growth	p. 415
Dissolution	p. 437
Conclusion and Future Directions	p. 448
Acknowledgments	p. 450
Abbreviations and Definitions	p. 450
List of Symbols	p. 451
References	p. 452
Mechanism of Mineralization of Collagen-Based Connective Tissues	p. 457
Abstract	p. 458
Introduction	p. 458
Function of Collagen in the Regulation of Vertebrate Biomineralization	p. 472
Comparative Composition of the Organic Components of Collagenous Mineralized Tissues	p. 475
Is there a Uniform Theory of Vertebrate Mineralization?	p. 489
Acknowledgments	p. 492
Abbreviations	p. 493
References	p. 494
Mammalian Enamel Formation	p. 507
Abstract	p. 508
Introduction	p. 508
Delineation of the Extracellular Space	p. 511
Ion Composition and Transport	p. 514
The Organic Matrix Components	p. 518
Function of Organic Matrix in Enamel Formation	p. 527
Matrix Degradation	p. 533
Conclusions	p. 535
Acknowledgments	p. 536
Abbreviations	p. 536
References	p. 537
Mechanical Design of Biomineralized Tissues. Bone and Other Hierarchical Materials	p. 547
Abstract	p. 547
Introduction	p. 548
Growth, Self-Repair, and Structural Hierarchies	p. 549
Hierarchical Structure of Bone	p. 551
Hierarchical Structure of a Silica Sponge Skeleton	p. 561
Some Structural Elements with Mechanical Function	p. 563
Conclusions	p. 569
Acknowledgments	p. 570
References	p. 570
Bioinspired Growth Of Mineralized Tissue	p. 577
Abstract	p. 578
Introduction	p. 578
Natural Development of Bone	p. 580
Connective Tissue Progenitor Cells	p. 584
Inductive Soluble Factors	p. 588
Bone Structural Properties	p. 593
Scaffold Materials for Bioinspired Mineralized Tissue Fabrication	p. 594
Summary	p. 600
Acknowledgments	p. 601
Abbreviations and Definitions	p. 601
References	p. 602
Polymer-Controlled Biomimetic Mineralization of Novel Inorganic Materials	p. 607
Abstract	p. 608
Introduction	p. 608
Different Crystallization Modes and Ways to Modify Crystallization	p. 609
Polymer-Controlled Crystallization	p. 615
Conclusion	p. 632
Current Trends and Outlook to the Future	p. 634
Acknowledgments	p. 635
Abbreviations	p. 636
References	p. 636
Subject Index	p. 645
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