Biostatistics: A Foundation for Analysis in the Health Sciences, 9th Edition

by Wayne W. Daniel (Georgia State Univ., Atlanta, Georgia )

• ISBN13: 9780470105825
• ISBN10: 0470105828
• Edition: 9th
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2008-12-01
• Publisher: Wiley

Summary

Allied health professionals rely on Biostatistics for its high standards of statistical accuracy. It helps them develop a set of statistical tools that are relevant to their field. Now in its ninth edition, the book integrates new applications from several biological science fields throughout the pages. Each chapter now opens with bulleted objectives that highlight the main ideas. Summary boxes of formulae and statistical rules are presented for easy reference and review. Support is also provided for multiple programs such as SPSS, SAS, and STATA, in addition to Minitab. This includes screen captures and technology boxes with step-by-step help. Health professionals will then gain the ability to use technology to analyze data.

Author Biography

Wayne W. Daniel  is on the faculty of Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia.

Table of Contents

Introduction to Biostatistics	p. 1
Introduction	p. 2
Some Basic Concepts	p. 2
Measurement and Measurement Scales	p. 5
Sampling and Statistical Inference	p. 7
The Scientific Method and the Design of Experiments	p. 13
Computers and Biostatistical Analysis	p. 15
Summary	p. 16
Review Questions and Exercises	p. 17
References	p. 18
Descriptive Statistics	p. 19
Introduction	p. 20
The Ordered Array	p. 20
Grouped Data: The Frequency Distribution	p. 22
Descriptive Statistics: Measures of Central Tendency	p. 38
Descriptive Statistics: Measures of Dispersion	p. 43
Summary	p. 54
Review Questions and Exercises	p. 56
References	p. 63
Some Basic Probability Concepts	p. 65
Introduction	p. 66
Two Views of Probability: Objective and Subjective	p. 66
Elementary Properties of Probability	p. 68
Calculating the Probability of an Event	p. 69
Bayes' Theorem, Screening Tests, Sensitivity, Specificity, and Predictive Value Positive and Negative	p. 79
Summary	p. 84
Review Questions and Exercises	p. 86
References	p. 91
Probability Distributions	p. 93
Introduction	p. 94
Probability Distributions of Discrete Variables	p. 94
The Binomial Distribution	p. 100
The Poisson Distribution	p. 109
Continuous Probability Distributions	p. 114
The Normal Distribution	p. 117
Normal Distribution Applications	p. 123
Summary	p. 129
Review Questions and Exercises	p. 131
References	p. 134
Some Important Sampling Distributions	p. 135
Introduction	p. 136
Sampling Distributions	p. 136
Distribution of the Sample Mean	p. 137
Distribution of the Difference Between Two Sample Means	p. 146
Distribution of the Sample Proportion	p. 151
Distribution of the Difference Between Two Sample Proportions	p. 155
Summary	p. 158
Review Questions and Exercises	p. 159
References	p. 161
Estimation	p. 162
Introduction	p. 163
Confidence Interval for a Population Mean	p. 166
The t Distribution	p. 172
Confidence Interval for the Difference Between Two Population Means	p. 178
Confidence Interval for a Population Proportion	p. 185
Confidence Interval for the Difference Between Two Population Proportions	p. 187
Determination of Sample Size for Estimating Means	p. 189
Determination of Sample Size for Estimating Proportions	p. 192
Confidence Interval for the Variance of a Normally Distributed Population	p. 194
Confidence Interval for the Ratio of the Variances of Two Normally Distributed Populations	p. 199
Summary	p. 203
Review Questions and Exercises	p. 206
References	p. 212
Hypothesis Testing	p. 215
Introduction	p. 216
Hypothesis Testing: A Single Population Mean	p. 223
Hypothesis Testing: The Difference Between Two Population Means	p. 237
Paired Comparisons	p. 250
Hypothesis Testing: A Single Population Proportion	p. 258
Hypothesis Testing: The Difference Between Two Population Proportions	p. 262
Hypothesis Testing: A Single Population Variance	p. 265
Hypothesis Testing: The Ratio of Two Population Variances	p. 268
The Type II Error and the Power of a Test	p. 273
Determining Sample Size to Control Type II Errors	p. 278
Summary	p. 281
Review Questions and Exercises	p. 283
References	p. 301
Analysis of Variance	p. 305
Introduction	p. 306
The Completely Randomized Design	p. 308
The Randomized Complete Block Design	p. 334
The Repeated Measures Design	p. 346
The Factorial Experiment	p. 353
Summary	p. 368
Review Questions and Exercises	p. 371
References	p. 404
Simple Linear Regression and Correlation	p. 409
Introduction	p. 410
The Regression Model	p. 410
The Sample Regression Equation	p. 413
Evaluating the Regression Equation	p. 423
Using the Regression Equation	p. 437
The Correlation Model	p. 441
The Correlation Coefficient	p. 442
Some Precautions	p. 455
Summary	p. 456
Review Questions and Exercises	p. 460
References	p. 482
Multiple Regression and Correlation	p. 485
Introduction	p. 486
The Multiple Linear Regression Model	p. 486
Obtaining the Multiple Regression Equation	p. 488
Evaluating the Multiple Regression Equation	p. 497
Using the Multiple Regression Equation	p. 503
The Multiple Correlation Model	p. 506
Summary	p. 519
Review Questions and Exercises	p. 521
References	p. 533
Regression Analysis: Some Additional Techniques	p. 535
Introduction	p. 536
Qualitative Independent Variables	p. 539
Variable Selection Procedures	p. 556
Logistic Regression	p. 565
Summary	p. 575
Review Questions and Exercises	p. 576
References	p. 590
The Chi-Square Distribution and the Analysis of Frequencies	p. 593
Introduction	p. 594
The Mathematical Properties of the Chi-Square Distribution	p. 594
Tests of Goodness-of-Fit	p. 597
Tests of Independence	p. 612
Tests of Homogeneity	p. 623
The Fisher Exact Test	p. 629
Relative Risk, Odds Ratio, and the Mantel-Haenszel Statistic	p. 634
Survival Analysis	p. 648
Summary	p. 664
Review Questions and Exercises	p. 666
References	p. 678
Nonparametric and Distribution-Free Statistics	p. 683
Introduction	p. 684
Measurement Scales	p. 685
The Sign Test	p. 686
The Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test for Location	p. 694
The Median Test	p. 699
The Mann-Whitney Test	p. 703
The Kolmogorov-Smirnov Goodness-of-Fit Test	p. 711
The Kruskal-Wallis One-Way Analysis of Variance by Ranks	p. 717
The Friedman Two-Way Analysis of Variance by Ranks	p. 725
The Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient	p. 731
Nonparametric Regression Analysis	p. 740
Summary	p. 743
Review Questions and Exercises	p. 745
References	p. 760
Vital Statistics	p. 763
Introduction	p. 764
Death Rates and Ratios	p. 765
Measures of Fertility	p. 772
Measures of Morbidity	p. 776
Summary	p. 777
Review Questions and Exercises	p. 779
References	p. 782
Statistical Tables	p. A-1
Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises	p. A-106
Index	p. I-1
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