Second Language Acquisition and Universal Grammar: Lydia White: 9780521796477: Book: Reference: eCampus.com

This authoritative textbook is an overview and analysis of current second language acquisition research, conducted within the generative linguistic framework. It argues for a role for Universal Grammar in second language acquisition. Theories as to the role of Universal Grammar and the extent of language transfer are presented along with relevant empirical research. Properties of early developmental stage grammars are examined, as well as the nature of the final outcome of the acquisition process.

Preface

Abbreviations

xiv

1. Universal Grammar and language acquisition

(21)

1.1 Introduction

(1)

1.2 Universal Grammar in L1 acquisition

(1)

1.3 Why UG? The logical problem of language acquisition

(6)

1.3.1 An example: the Overt Pronoun Constraint

(5)

1.4 Parameters of Universal Grammar

(6)

1.4.1 An example: feature strength and movement

(5)

1.5 UG access: earlier approaches to UG and SLA

(2)

1.6 Methodological issues: 'tapping' linguistic competence

(2)

1.7 Conclusion

(1)

Topics for discussion

(1)

Suggestions for additional reading

(2)

2. Principles of Universal Grammar in L2 acquisition

(36)

2.1 UG and the logical problem of L2 acquisition

(17)

2.1.1 The Overt Pronoun Constraint in L2

(7)

2.1.2 Process versus result nominals in L2 French

(5)

2.1.3 Principles of UG in early interlanguage grammars: the ECP

(4)

2.2 The logical problem of L2 revisited: alternative accounts

(3)

2.2.1 L2 input

(1)

2.2.2 The L1 grammar as the source of knowledge of UG principles

(1)

2.3 Problems for the UG claim: wild interlanguage grammars

(12)

2.3.1 Reflexive binding

(8)

2.3.2 Null prep

(3)

2.4 Methodological issues

(2)

2.5 Conclusion

(1)

Topics for discussion

(1)

Suggestions for additional reading

(1)

3. The initial state

(42)

3.1 What is the initial state?

(3)

3.2 A grammar as the initial state

(26)

3.2.1 The Full Transfer Full Access Hypothesis

(7)

3.2.2 The Minimal Trees Hypothesis

(10)

3.2.3 The Valueless Features Hypothesis

(9)

3.3 UG as the initial state

(8)

3.3.1 The Initial Hypothesis of syntax

(1)

3.3.2 Full Access (without Transfer)

(7)

3.4 Assessing initial-state hypotheses: similarities and differences

(1)

3.5 Interlanguage representation: defective or not?

(2)

3.6 Conclusion

(1)

Topics for discussion

(1)

Suggestions for additional reading

(1)

4. Grammars beyond the initial state: parameters and functional categories

100

(51)

4.1 Introduction

100

(1)

4.2 Parameters in interlanguage grammars

100

(2)

4.3 Global impairment

102

(12)

4.3.1 Breakdown of the Null Subject Parameter

102

(6)

4.3.2 Breakdown of a word-order parameter

108

(5)

4.3.3 Global impairment: assessment

113

(1)

4.4 Local impairment

114

(4)

4.4.1 Local impairment: evidence

115

(2)

4.4.2 Local Impairment: assessment

117

(1)

4.5 UG-constrained grammars and parameter setting

118

(1)

4.6 No parameter resetting

119

(8)

4.6.1 No parameter setting: evidence

120

(5)

4.6.2 No parameter resetting: assessment

125

(2)

4.7 Parameter setting and resetting

127

(14)

4.7.1 The Verb Movement Parameter: acquiring new feature strength

128

(4)

4.7.2 Nominal projections: feature strength, features and categories

132

(9)

4.8 Settings of neither L1 nor L2

141

(7)

4.8.1 Settings of neither L1 nor L2: reflexives

143

(3)

4.8.2 Settings of neither LI nor L2: case checking

146

(2)

4.9 Parameter setting and resetting: assessment

148

(1)

4.10 Conclusion

149

(1)

Topics for discussion

149

(1)

Suggestions for additional reading

150

(1)

5. The transition problem, triggering and input

151

(27)

5.1 Introduction

151

(2)

5.2 Parsing

153

(1)

5.3 The filtering effects of grammars

153

(4)

5.4 Parameter setting: triggers and cues

157

(5)

5.4.1 Morphological triggers: a digression

160

(2)

5.5 Triggers for L2 parameter resetting: more on Verb Movement

162

(2)

5.6 A role for negative evidence in triggering?

164

(2)

5.7 Triggering in L2: manipulating the input

166

(5)

5.7.1 Manipulating the input: assessment

169

(2)

5.8 Beyond explicit teaching

171

(4)

5.9 Conclusion

175

(1)

Topics for discussion

175

(1)

Suggestions for additional reading

176

(2)

6. Morphological variability and the morphology/syntax interface

178

(25)

6.1 Morphological variability: identifying the problem

178

(2)

6.2 Surface versus abstract morphology

180

(1)

6.3 Accounts of morphological variability in L1 acquisition

181

(3)

6.3.1 Morphology-before-syntax

182

(1)

6.3.2 Syntax-before-morphology

182

(2)

6.4 Perspectives on the morphology/syntax interface in L2

184

(15)

6.4.1 Morphology-before-syntax: incompleteness and deficits

184

(3)

6.4.2 Syntax-before-morphology: the data

187

(6)

6.4.3 Missing surface inflection: explanations

193

(6)

6.5 Methodological considerations

199

(2)

6.6 The morphology/syntax interface: conclusion

201

(1)

Topics for discussion

201

(1)

Suggestions for additional reading

202

(1)

7. Argument structure

203

(38)

7.1 Argument structure

203

(1)

7.2 Lexical entries

203

(2)

7.3 Mapping from lexicon to syntax: the logical problem of argument-structure acquisition

205

(1)

7.4 Semantic constraints on argument-structure alternations

206

(6)

7.5 Crosslinguistic differences in conflation patterns

212

(11)

7.5.1 Conflation patterns in L2 motion verbs

213

(5)

7.5.2 Lexical parameters and conflation

218

(5)

7.6 Thematic properties of arguments and their syntactic consequences

223

(11)

7.6.1 Thematic hierarchies, UTAH and psych verbs

224

(4)

7.6.2 The Unaccusative Hypothesis

228

(6)

7.7 Transitivity alternations and effects of argument-changing morphology

234

(4)

7.8 Methodological considerations

238

(1)

7.9 Argument structure: conclusion

238

(1)

Topics for discussion

239

(1)

Suggestions for additional reading

240

(1)

8. Ultimate attainment: the nature of the steady state

241

(32)

8.1 Introduction

241

(1)

8.2 Convergence versus divergence

242

(2)

8.3 How to identify an endstate grammar

244

(1)

8.4 Age effects on ultimate attainment

245

(4)

8.4.1 Violations of Subjacency

245

(3)

8.4.2 Subjacency violations: a reanalysis

248

(1)

8.5 Age effects in near-native speakers

249

(3)

8.6 Convergence or not: more on near-native speakers

252

(2)

8.7 Non-UG structures revisited

254

(4)

8.8 Divergence: L1 influence

258

(5)

8.9 Non-native ultimate attainment: optionality revisited

263

(3)

8.10 Summary: endstate competence

266

(1)

8.11 Conclusion: initial to steady state

266

(5)

Topics for discussion

271

(1)

Suggestions for additional reading

271

(2)

Glossary

273

(10)

Notes

283

(5)

References

288

(24)

Index

312




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