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9780521796477

Second Language Acquisition and Universal Grammar

by
  • ISBN13:

    9780521796477

  • ISBN10:

    0521796474

  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2003-03-24
  • Publisher: Cambridge University Press

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Summary

This authoritative textbook provides an overview and analysis of current second language acquisition research conducted within the generative linguistic framework. Lydia White argues that second language acquisition is constrained by principles and parameters of Universal Grammar. The book focuses on characterizing and explaining the underlying linguistic competence of second language learners in terms of these contraints. Theories as to the role of Universal Grammar and the extent of mother tongue influence are presented and discussed, with particular consideration given to the nature of the interlanguage grammar at different points in development, from the initial state to ultimate attainment. Throughout the book, hypotheses maintaining that second language grammars are constrained by universal principles are contrasted with claims that Universal Grammar is not implicated; relevant empirical research is presented from both sides of the debate. This textbook is essential reading for those studying second language acquisition from a linguistic perspective.

Table of Contents

Preface xi
Abbreviations xiv
1. Universal Grammar and language acquisition
1(21)
1.1 Introduction
1 (1)
1.2 Universal Grammar in L1 acquisition
2 (1)
1.3 Why UG? The logical problem of language acquisition
3(6)
1.3.1 An example: the Overt Pronoun Constraint
4(5)
1.4 Parameters of Universal Grammar
9(6)
1.4.1 An example: feature strength and movement
10 (5)
1.5 UG access: earlier approaches to UG and SLA
15 (2)
1.6 Methodological issues: 'tapping' linguistic competence
17 (2)
1.7 Conclusion
19(1)
Topics for discussion
19(1)
Suggestions for additional reading
20(2)
2. Principles of Universal Grammar in L2 acquisition
22(36)
2.1 UG and the logical problem of L2 acquisition
22 (17)
2.1.1 The Overt Pronoun Constraint in L2
23 (7)
2.1.2 Process versus result nominals in L2 French
30 (5)
2.1.3 Principles of UG in early interlanguage grammars: the ECP
35(4)
2.2 The logical problem of L2 revisited: alternative accounts
39 (3)
2.2.1 L2 input
40 (1)
2.2.2 The L1 grammar as the source of knowledge of UG principles
41(1)
2.3 Problems for the UG claim: wild interlanguage grammars
42 (12)
2.3.1 Reflexive binding
43 (8)
2.3.2 Null prep
51(3)
2.4 Methodological issues
54(2)
2.5 Conclusion
56 (1)
Topics for discussion
57 (1)
Suggestions for additional reading
57(1)
3. The initial state
58(42)
3.1 What is the initial state?
58(3)
3.2 A grammar as the initial state
61 (26)
3.2.1 The Full Transfer Full Access Hypothesis
61(7)
3.2.2 The Minimal Trees Hypothesis
68(10)
3.2.3 The Valueless Features Hypothesis
78(9)
3.3 UG as the initial state
87(8)
3.3.1 The Initial Hypothesis of syntax
87(1)
3.3.2 Full Access (without Transfer)
88 (7)
3.4 Assessing initial-state hypotheses: similarities and differences
95 (1)
3.5 Interlanguage representation: defective or not?
96 (2)
3.6 Conclusion
98(1)
Topics for discussion
98(1)
Suggestions for additional reading
99(1)
4. Grammars beyond the initial state: parameters and functional categories
100(51)
4.1 Introduction
100(1)
4.2 Parameters in interlanguage grammars
100(2)
4.3 Global impairment
102 (12)
4.3.1 Breakdown of the Null Subject Parameter
102 (6)
4.3.2 Breakdown of a word-order parameter
108 (5)
4.3.3 Global impairment: assessment
113(1)
4.4 Local impairment
114 (4)
4.4.1 Local impairment: evidence
115 (2)
4.4.2 Local Impairment: assessment
117(1)
4.5 UG-constrained grammars and parameter setting
118(1)
4.6 No parameter resetting
119 (8)
4.6.1 No parameter setting: evidence
120 (5)
4.6.2 No parameter resetting: assessment
125(2)
4.7 Parameter setting and resetting
127 (14)
4.7.1 The Verb Movement Parameter: acquiring new feature strength
128 (4)
4.7.2 Nominal projections: feature strength, features and categories
132(9)
4.8 Settings of neither L1 nor L2
141 (7)
4.8.1 Settings of neither L1 nor L2: reflexives
143 (3)
4.8.2 Settings of neither LI nor L2: case checking
146(2)
4.9 Parameter setting and resetting: assessment
148(1)
4.10 Conclusion
149 (1)
Topics for discussion
149 (1)
Suggestions for additional reading
150(1)
5. The transition problem, triggering and input
151 (27)
5.1 Introduction
151 (2)
5.2 Parsing
153 (1)
5.3 The filtering effects of grammars
153 (4)
5.4 Parameter setting: triggers and cues
157(5)
5.4.1 Morphological triggers: a digression
160 (2)
5.5 Triggers for L2 parameter resetting: more on Verb Movement
162 (2)
5.6 A role for negative evidence in triggering?
164 (2)
5.7 Triggering in L2: manipulating the input
166(5)
5.7.1 Manipulating the input: assessment
169 (2)
5.8 Beyond explicit teaching
171 (4)
5.9 Conclusion
175(1)
Topics for discussion
175(1)
Suggestions for additional reading
176(2)
6. Morphological variability and the morphology/syntax interface
178(25)
6.1 Morphological variability: identifying the problem
178(2)
6.2 Surface versus abstract morphology
180(1)
6.3 Accounts of morphological variability in L1 acquisition
181 (3)
6.3.1 Morphology-before-syntax
182 (1)
6.3.2 Syntax-before-morphology
182(2)
6.4 Perspectives on the morphology/syntax interface in L2
184 (15)
6.4.1 Morphology-before-syntax: incompleteness and deficits
184 (3)
6.4.2 Syntax-before-morphology: the data
187 (6)
6.4.3 Missing surface inflection: explanations
193(6)
6.5 Methodological considerations
199(2)
6.6 The morphology/syntax interface: conclusion
201 (1)
Topics for discussion
201 (1)
Suggestions for additional reading
202(1)
7. Argument structure
203 (38)
7.1 Argument structure
203 (1)
7.2 Lexical entries
203 (2)
7.3 Mapping from lexicon to syntax: the logical problem of argument-structure acquisition
205 (1)
7.4 Semantic constraints on argument-structure alternations
206 (6)
7.5 Crosslinguistic differences in conflation patterns
212(11)
7.5.1 Conflation patterns in L2 motion verbs
213(5)
7.5.2 Lexical parameters and conflation
218 (5)
7.6 Thematic properties of arguments and their syntactic consequences
223(11)
7.6.1 Thematic hierarchies, UTAH and psych verbs
224(4)
7.6.2 The Unaccusative Hypothesis
228(6)
7.7 Transitivity alternations and effects of argument-changing morphology
234 (4)
7.8 Methodological considerations
238 (1)
7.9 Argument structure: conclusion
238(1)
Topics for discussion
239(1)
Suggestions for additional reading
240(1)
8. Ultimate attainment: the nature of the steady state
241(32)
8.1 Introduction
241 (1)
8.2 Convergence versus divergence
242 (2)
8.3 How to identify an endstate grammar
244 (1)
8.4 Age effects on ultimate attainment
245(4)
8.4.1 Violations of Subjacency
245(3)
8.4.2 Subjacency violations: a reanalysis
248 (1)
8.5 Age effects in near-native speakers
249 (3)
8.6 Convergence or not: more on near-native speakers
252 (2)
8.7 Non-UG structures revisited
254 (4)
8.8 Divergence: L1 influence
258 (5)
8.9 Non-native ultimate attainment: optionality revisited
263 (3)
8.10 Summary: endstate competence
266 (1)
8.11 Conclusion: initial to steady state
266(5)
Topics for discussion
271(1)
Suggestions for additional reading
271(2)
Glossary 273(10)
Notes 283(5)
References 288(24)
Index 312

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