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9780120883875

Handbook of the Biology of Aging

by ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780120883875

  • ISBN10:

    0120883872

  • Edition: 6th
  • Format: Hardcover
  • Copyright: 2005-12-20
  • Publisher: Elsevier Science
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Summary

The Handbook of the Biology of Aging, Sixth Edition, provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research findings in the biology of aging. Intended as a summary for researchers, it is also adopted as a high level textbook for graduate and upper level undergraduate courses. The Sixth Edition is 20% larger than the Fifth Edition, with 21 chapters summarizing the latest findings in research on the biology of aging. The content of the work is virtually 100% new. Though a selected few topics are similar to the Fifth Edition, these chapters are authored by new contributors with new information. The majority of the chapters are completely new in both content and authorship. The Sixth Edition places greater emphasis and coverage on competing and complementary theories of aging, broadening the discussion of conceptual issues. Greater coverage of techniques used to study biological issues of aging include computer modeling, gene profiling, and demographic analyses. Coverage of research on Drosophilia is expanded from one chapter to four. New chapters on mammalian models discuss aging in relation to skeletal muscles, body fat and carbohydrate metabolism, growth hormone, and the human female reproductive system. Additional new chapters summarize exciting research on stem cells and cancer, dietary restriction, and whether age related diseases are an integral part of aging. The Handbook of the Biology of Aging, Sixth Edition is part of the Handbooks on Aging series, including Handbook of the Psychology of Aging and Handbook of Aging and the Social Sciences, also in their 6th editions.

Table of Contents

Contributors xi
Foreword xv
Preface xvii
About the Editors xix
Section I: Conceptual and Technical Issues
Reliability Theory of Aging and Longevity
3(40)
Leonid A. Gavrilov
Natalia S. Gavrilova
Introduction
3(2)
General Overview of the Reliability Theory Approach
5(10)
Mortality, Failure, and Aging in Biological and Technical Systems
15(6)
Explanations of Aging Phenomena Using Reliability Theory
21(3)
The Idea of High Initial Damage Load: The HIDL Hypothesis
24(4)
Reliability Models of Aging for Biological Systems
28(3)
Evolution of Species Reliability
31(3)
Conclusions
34(9)
References
35(8)
Are Age-Associated Diseases an Integral Part of Aging?
43(20)
Edward J. Masoro
Introduction
43(1)
Concepts of Biological Gerontology
44(1)
Age-Associated Diseases
45(1)
Primary Aging, Secondary Aging, and ``Normal Aging''
46(3)
Evolutionary Theory and Age-Associated Diseases
49(1)
Analysis of Two Major Age-Associated Disease Processes
50(5)
Summary and Conclusions
55(8)
References
56(7)
Dietary Restriction, Hormesis, and Small Molecule Mimetics
63(42)
David A. Sinclair
Konrad T. Howitz
Introduction
63(2)
Key Discoveries
65(3)
Physiological Effects of DR on Mammals
68(2)
Mechanisms of DR
70(12)
Small-Molecule CR Mimetics
82(7)
Conclusions
89(16)
References
90(15)
Hematopoietic Stem Cells, Aging, and Cancer
105(19)
Deborah R. Bell
Gary Van Zant
Stem Cells
105(3)
Stem Cell Aging
108(7)
Stem Cells and Cancer
115(4)
Conclusions
119(5)
References
119(5)
Mitochondria: A Critical Role in Aging
124(25)
Tamara R. Golden
Karl Morten
Felicity Johnson
Enrique Samper
Simon Melov
The Mitochondrion
124(1)
Evidence for Increased Oxidative Damage to Mitochondrial Components with Age
125(4)
Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Aging
129(5)
Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Age-Associated Disease
134(3)
Conclusions
137(12)
References
137(12)
P53 and Mouse Aging Models
149(32)
Catherine Gatza
George Hinkal
Lynette Moore
Melissa Dumble
Lawrence A. Donehower
Introduction to p53
149(2)
p53 and Cellular Senescence
151(3)
Linkage of IGF-1, Sir2, and p53 Signaling
154(1)
Mouse Models of Aging
155(3)
Mouse Models of Accelerated Aging
158(3)
Mouse Models of Delayed Aging
161(1)
Links to p53 in Mouse Aging Models
162(2)
Mutant Mouse p53 Models, Aging, and Cancer
164(4)
Influence of p53 on Longevity in Humans
168(1)
How Might p53 Influence Organismal Aging?
169(12)
References
171(10)
Complex Genetic Architecture of Drosophila Longevity
181(36)
Trudy F. C. Mackay
Natalia V. Roshina
Jeff W. Leips
Elena G. Pasyukova
Introduction
181(1)
Genome Scan for Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs)
182(5)
Deficiency Complementation Mapping
187(6)
Complementation Tests to Mutations at Positional Candidate Genes
193(14)
Linkage Disequilibrium (LD) Mapping
207(2)
Conclusions and Future Prospects
209(8)
References
212(5)
Evolutionary Biology of Aging: Future Directions
217(26)
Daniel E. L. Promislow
Kenneth M. Fedorka
Joep M. S. Burger
Introduction
217(3)
Genetics of Senescence
220(4)
From Physiology to Demography
224(3)
Parasites and Immune Function
227(3)
Sex, Sexual Selection, and Sexual Conflict
230(2)
Genetic Variation in Natural Populations
232(2)
Conclusions
234(9)
References
235(8)
Senescence in Wild Populations of Mammals and Birds
243(24)
Anja K. Brunet-Rossinni
Steven N. Austad
Introduction
243(1)
Evidence of Senescence in Wild Populations
244(11)
Patterns of Senescence
255(2)
Methodological Difficulties in Evaluating Senescence in Wild Populations
257(3)
Conclusions
260(7)
References
261(6)
Biodemography of Aging and Age-Specific Mortality in Drosophila melanogaster
267(28)
James W. Curtsinger
Natalia S. Gavrilova
Leonid A. Gavrilov
Introduction
267(9)
Experimental Evidence for Age-Specific Effects
276(4)
Leveling-Off of Mortality Rates
280(9)
Conclusions
289(6)
References
289(6)
Microarray Analysis of Gene Expression Changes in Aging
295(39)
F. Noel Hudson
Matt Kaeberlein
Nancy Linford
David Pritchard
Richard Beyer
Peter S. Rabinovitch
Introduction
295(1)
Technical Issues
295(15)
Biological Studies
310(16)
Conclusions, Future Directions, and Challenges
326(8)
References
327(7)
Computer Modeling in the Study of Aging
334(26)
Thomas B. L. Kirkwood
Richard J. Boys
Colin S. Gillespie
Carole J. Procter
Daryl P. Shanley
Darren J. Wilkenson
Introduction
334(3)
Why Aging Particularly Needs Models
337(2)
Different Approaches to Modeling Biological Systems
339(4)
Currently Available Models of Aging
343(4)
Models, Data Collection, and Experimental Design
347(1)
Parameter Inference
348(3)
Conclusions
351(9)
References
352(8)
Section II: Non-Mammalian Models
Dissecting the Processes of Aging Using the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans
360(40)
Samuel T. Henderson
Shane L. Rea
Thomas E. Johnson
Introduction
360(2)
Biology of C. elegans
362(1)
The age-1 Pathway
362(10)
Mutations in Mitochondrial Components
372(7)
Caloric Restriction
379(3)
Other Non-Genetic Ways to Extend Life
382(2)
Other Discoveries
384(5)
Summary
389(11)
References
390(10)
Genetic Manipulation of Life Span in Drosophila Melanogaster
400(15)
Daniel Ford
John Tower
Introduction
400(1)
Genetic Methods for Manipulating Drosophila Life Span
400(5)
Screening for Drosophila Genes Affecting Life Span
405(1)
Specific Genes Used to Extend the Life Span of Drosophila melanogaster
406(6)
Conclusions
412(3)
References
412(3)
Juvenile and Steroid Hormones in Drosophila melanogaster Longevity
415(34)
Meng-Ping Tu
Thomas Flatt
Marc Tatar
Introduction
415(1)
JH and 20E: Two Major Insect Hormones
416(2)
Effects of JH and 20E on Drosophila Aging
418(4)
Candidate Genes Affecting Life Span Through JH and 20E Signaling
422(11)
Hormones, Nutrition, and Life Span
433(3)
Hormonal Effects on Stress Resistance and Immunity
436(1)
Conclusions
437(12)
References
440(9)
A Critical Evaluation of Nonmammalian Models for Aging Research
449(21)
Steven N. Austad
Andrej Podlutsky
Introduction
449(2)
Key Evolutionary Relationships
451(1)
Genomic Properties
452(4)
Physiological and Pathophysiological Properties
456(4)
Empirically Investigating the Similarities and Differences Among Model Organisms
460(2)
Conclusions
462(8)
References
463(7)
Section III: Mammalian Models
Differential Aging Among Skeletal Muscles
470(28)
Roger J. M. McCarter
Introduction
470(2)
Changes in Muscle Mass and Composition
472(4)
Loss of Motor Units with Age
476(3)
Altered Neuromuscular Junctions with Age
479(1)
Excitation-Contraction Coupling
480(1)
Mechanical Properties
481(9)
Biochemical Environment
490(1)
Conclusions
491(7)
References
493(5)
Aging, Body Fat, and Carbohydrate Metabolism
498(14)
Marielisa Rincon
Radhika Muzumdar
Nir Barzilai
Introduction
498(1)
Carbohydrate Metabolism and Body Composition in Aging
498(7)
Conclusions
505(7)
References
505(7)
Growth and Aging: Why Do Big Dogs Die Young?
512(22)
Richard A. Miller
Steven N. Austad
Introduction
512(1)
Body Size and Aging in Dogs
512(3)
Weight and Longevity in Mice
515(5)
Anecdotal Size-Longevity Reports on Horses
520(1)
Height and Longevity in Humans
520(3)
Nutritional Manipulations that Modulate Longevity and Body Size
523(1)
Relation of Size to Longevity Among Different Species
524(2)
General Discussion: Why Do Big Dogs Die Young, and Is It Worth Figuring This Out?
526(3)
Conclusions
529(5)
References
529(5)
Growth Hormone, Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1, and the Biology of Aging
534(36)
Christy S. Carter
William E. Sonntag
Introduction
534(1)
Biological Actions of Growth Hormone
535(3)
Aging and the Growth Hormone Axis
538(2)
Studies of Growth Hormone/IGF-1 Replacement
540(9)
Growth Hormone, IGF-1, and Life Span
549(7)
Pleiotropic Effects of Growth Hormone and IGF-1
556(1)
Conclusion
557(13)
References
558(12)
Aging of the Female Reproductive System
570(21)
Phyllis M. Wise
Introduction
570(1)
Menopause
570(2)
Definitions
572(2)
Role of the Ovary in Reproductive Aging
574(5)
Role of the Central Nervous System in Female Reproductive Aging
579(7)
Conclusion
586(5)
References
586(5)
Author Index 591(54)
Subject Index 645

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