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9780201715842

Practical Oracle8i¿ Building Efficient Databases

by
  • ISBN13:

    9780201715842

  • ISBN10:

    0201715848

  • Edition: 1st
  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2000-12-18
  • Publisher: Addison-Wesley Professional
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List Price: $49.99

Summary

What is really involved in building effective Oracle database systems, and how do you approach the endeavor in a way that increases your chances for success? Practical Oracle8itrade; offers a real-life approach to constructing Oracle databases--one that is geared toward solving important business problems. This book will help you devise appropriate strategies for database design that takes into account Oracle's technical underpinnings, hardware and user limitations, and tradeoffs between simplicity and efficiency. It discusses selecting the Oracle features needed to perform specific functions and demonstrates how to structure code most effectively for the features being implemented. Practical Oracle8itrade; presents an overview of Oracle that clearly explains the central functions that are key to Oracle's operation. In addition, the book presents the fundamentals of the system, covering the way in which data is stored, packed, and made visible, as well as the dynamic features involved in transactions and calculations. Specific topics covered include: A discussion of why Oracle projects fail Leveraging tablespaces Partitioning LOBs Autonomous transactions Row-level security for virtual private databases Parallel query and parallel server The new analytical functions introduced in Oracle 8.1.6 This book also provides a summary of the most useful new features of Oracle 8.1.5, practical tips for tuning performance and testing features, and information on the major space-management features of an Oracle database. Written by one of the world's most knowledgeable and experienced Oracle database designers and programmers, Practical Oracle8itrade; reveals the strategies, techniques, and insights that will enable you to understand the technology's full potential and put Oracle to work for successful database systems. 0201715848B04062001

Author Biography

Jonathan Lewis is a leading independent database consultant with over fifteen years' experience helping clients design and implement Oracle database systems. Much of his career has been spent working around the problems caused by the inappropriate use of the technology. In addition, he is the Director for Products and Services for the UK Oracle Users Group and maintains a Web site of Oracle tips and advice.



0201715848AB04062001

Table of Contents

Prefacep. xvii
Why Another Book?p. xvii
Who Is It For?p. xviii
Which Version of Oracle?p. xviii
What's in This Book?p. xix
What's Not in This Book?p. xx
The Framework of the Bookp. xx
Conventions Used in the Bookp. xxii
Acknowledgmentsp. xxiii
A Cautionary Talep. xxv
Overviewp. 1
What Is Oracle?p. 3
Data, Undo, and Redop. 4
Data Changep. 6
Uncommitted Datap. 8
Committed Datap. 11
Side Effects of Rollbackp. 14
Locating the Datap. 16
Conclusionp. 21
Why Do Projects Fail?p. 23
Ignoring the Technologyp. 23
Avoiding the Arithmeticp. 24
Fudging the Prototypep. 28
Confusing the Responsibilitiesp. 31
Sharing the Databasep. 32
Conclusionp. 33
How the Engine Worksp. 35
The I/O Trapp. 38
Reading Datap. 38
Changing Datap. 41
Side Effectsp. 43
Conclusionp. 44
Classifying Your Targetp. 45
Manual Transaction Processingp. 45
Automatic Transaction Processingp. 47
High Batch Throughputp. 49
Data Warehousep. 50
The Internet Changes Everythingp. 51
Conclusionp. 53
Data Storagep. 55
Making the Most of Tablesp. 57
Rebuilding the Datap. 59
Packing the Datap. 62
More Packingp. 67
Dropping Columnsp. 68
Strategy 1p. 68
Strategy 2p. 72
Up-to-Date Statistics (Nearly)p. 73
Wide Tablesp. 74
Problems and Quirksp. 75
Strategy Notesp. 76
Basic Indexingp. 79
B-Tree Indexingp. 80
Updates to the Indexp. 85
Low-Level Processingp. 87
Using the Indexp. 89
Bitmap Indexingp. 91
Administrationp. 101
Problems and Quirksp. 106
Strategy Notesp. 107
Enhanced Indexingp. 109
Compressed B-Treesp. 109
Minimize Records per Blockp. 113
Descending Indexesp. 114
Reverse Key Indexesp. 118
Function-Based Indexesp. 121
Built-in Functionsp. 122
User-Defined Functionsp. 125
Administrationp. 128
Rebuildp. 128
Coalescep. 130
Statisticsp. 130
Renamep. 131
Optimizationp. 131
Index Joinsp. 136
Star Transformationsp. 138
Problems and Quirksp. 142
Strategy Notesp. 143
Leveraging Tablespacesp. 145
Tablespace Strategiesp. 145
Rollback Tablespacesp. 146
Temporary Tablespacesp. 148
Classificationp. 148
Locally Managed Tablespacesp. 150
General Tablespace Managementp. 155
Transportable Tablespacesp. 160
Tablespace Point-in-Time Recoveryp. 164
Problems and Quirksp. 166
Strategy Notesp. 167
Temporary Spacep. 169
Temporary Tablespacesp. 169
So What's New in 8.1?p. 174
Temporary Filesp. 176
Temporary Tablesp. 177
Temporary LOBsp. 185
Problems and Quirksp. 186
Strategy Notesp. 187
Files, Raw, and RAIDp. 189
Files or Rawp. 189
The Management Issuesp. 189
The Performance Issuep. 192
Archivingp. 195
Conclusionp. 197
RAID Levelsp. 198
RAID 0p. 199
RAID 1p. 199
RAID 0/1 and RAID 1/0p. 202
RAID 5p. 205
Generic RAIDp. 208
Disk Cachep. 211
Problems and Quirksp. 211
Strategy Notesp. 212
Viewsp. 213
Basics of Viewsp. 213
Views for Performancep. 215
In-line Viewsp. 215
SORT_AREA_SIZEp. 216
Rollover Viewsp. 217
Views for Securityp. 218
Views for Functionalityp. 219
Views for Clarityp. 220
Functions Returning Datasetsp. 220
Partition Accessp. 221
Analytical Functions and Othersp. 221
Updatable Join Viewsp. 225
Simple Join Viewsp. 225
In-line Updatable Viewsp. 227
Object Viewsp. 231
A Farewell to Partitioned Viewsp. 233
Problems and Quirksp. 235
Strategy Notesp. 235
Introducing Partitioningp. 237
Partitioning Optionsp. 238
How Does Range Partitioning Work?p. 239
How Does Hash Partitioning Work?p. 251
How Does Composite Partitioning Work?p. 258
Partitioning--General Pointsp. 261
Multicolumn Partitioningp. 264
Problems and Quirksp. 268
Strategy Notesp. 270
Using Partitioningp. 273
Administrationp. 273
Dropping Partitionsp. 273
Tablespace Managementp. 275
Packing Tablespacesp. 277
Data Loadingp. 279
Indexing Existing Tablesp. 281
Performancep. 283
Range Partitions with Datesp. 290
Hash Partitions and Composite Partitionsp. 292
Partition-wise Joinsp. 293
EXPLAIN PLANp. 298
Statisticsp. 299
Partitions and Parallel Executionp. 300
Problems and Quirksp. 301
Strategy Notesp. 302
Index-Organized Tablesp. 305
Basic IOTsp. 306
Indexes on IOTsp. 311
On-line Movesp. 315
Advanced IOTsp. 316
LOBs, Varrays, and Nested Tablesp. 316
Partitioningp. 318
Restrictions on IOT Partitionsp. 319
Problems and Quirksp. 320
Strategy Notesp. 321
Simple Objectsp. 323
Getting Started with Objectsp. 323
Objects and Relational Tablesp. 329
Object Tablesp. 332
Problems and Quirksp. 337
Strategy Notesp. 338
Collection Objectsp. 339
Varraysp. 340
Tablesp. 343
Transient Collectionsp. 353
A Cautionary Talep. 357
Problems and Quirksp. 359
Strategy Notesp. 360
Handling Large Objectsp. 363
Internal or External?p. 363
Why LOBs?p. 364
Working with LOBsp. 365
Working with BFILEsp. 375
The LOB Package--DBMS_LOBp. 377
BFILEsp. 378
Permanent LOBsp. 381
Temporary LOBsp. 385
Generic LOBsp. 387
Problems and Quirksp. 387
Strategy Notesp. 388
Data Integrityp. 391
Types of Constraintsp. 391
Primary Keyp. 392
Unique Keyp. 392
Foreign Keyp. 393
Checkp. 395
Viewp. 396
Scopep. 397
Partition Boundariesp. 397
Using Constraintsp. 398
Adding Constraintsp. 399
Truncating Tablesp. 399
Loading Datap. 402
Cascading Changes to Primary Keyp. 404
Data Warehouses and Constraintsp. 406
Triggersp. 407
Audit Trailp. 411
Problems and Quirksp. 412
Strategy Notesp. 413
Data Manipulationp. 415
PL/SQLp. 417
What Is PL/SQL?p. 418
The Best Bitsp. 419
Native Dynamic SQLp. 419
Array Processingp. 424
Passing Result Sets into and out of Proceduresp. 429
Invoker Rightsp. 434
Supplied Packagesp. 435
Problems and Quirksp. 438
Strategy Notesp. 438
Autonomous Transactionsp. 441
Simple Autonomous Transactionsp. 441
Autonomous Triggersp. 445
Sequence Numbersp. 450
Who Is Locking My Row?p. 453
A Counter Examplep. 454
Problems and Quirksp. 455
Strategy Notesp. 456
Row-level Securityp. 457
Historic Implementationsp. 457
Security Policiesp. 460
Refining Row-level Securityp. 465
Problems and Quirksp. 471
Strategy Notesp. 472
Parallel Query and Parallel Serverp. 475
Parallel Serverp. 476
The IDLMp. 478
PCM and Non-PCMp. 479
PCM Locks and Data Locksp. 483
Defining PCM Locksp. 485
Avoiding Pingingp. 487
Parallel Executionp. 490
Problems and Quirksp. 497
Parallel Serverp. 497
Parallel Queryp. 497
Strategy Notesp. 498
Parallel Serverp. 498
Parallel Queryp. 499
Number Crunchingp. 501
Cube and Rollupp. 501
Programming Solutionsp. 503
Expensive SQLp. 503
Temporary Tablesp. 505
Enhancements in Version 8.1.5p. 506
Rollupp. 506
Cubep. 509
Analytic Functionsp. 512
Miscellaneousp. 519
Case Statementsp. 519
SAMPLE Clausep. 520
Materialized Viewsp. 521
Implementationp. 524
Problems and Quirksp. 532
Strategy Notesp. 533
Fallbackp. 535
Choose Your Disasterp. 535
Pick a Time Scalep. 537
The 30-Second 100% Fail-overp. 537
The Five-Minute 100% Fail-overp. 538
Off-site 100% Fail-overp. 538
Clones at 99%p. 539
Backupsp. 543
The Standby Databasep. 547
Recovery Managerp. 551
Problems and Quirksp. 552
Strategy Notesp. 553
Feature Referencep. 555
Standby Databasep. 555
Row-level Securityp. 556
Tablespace Managementp. 557
Transportable Tablespacesp. 557
Temporary Tablespacesp. 558
Temporary Tablesp. 558
PL/SQLp. 559
Database Triggersp. 560
Partitioningp. 560
Autonomous Transactionsp. 562
Three-tier Applicationsp. 562
Indexesp. 563
LOBsp. 563
Analytic Functions (Version 8.1.6)p. 564
LogMinerp. 564
Replicationp. 565
Query Rewritep. 565
IOTsp. 566
Integrity Constraintsp. 567
Parallel Executionp. 567
JServerp. 568
Tuning to 90%p. 569
V$SQL--Recent SQL with Costsp. 570
V$Filestat/V$Tempstatp. 574
V$System_Event/V$Session_Eventp. 577
The X$ Filesp. 581
X$Kcbfwaitp. 581
X$Ksqstp. 583
Helping the Developersp. 584
Conclusionp. 585
Testing to Destructionp. 587
The Basis of Testingp. 587
A Cautionary Talep. 592
Generating Datap. 593
Validating the Resultsp. 597
Execution Pathsp. 597
Eventsp. 599
Database Dumpsp. 606
Conclusionp. 607
Space Managementp. 609
The Blockp. 609
INITRANS and MAXTRANSp. 612
PCTFREE and PCTUSEDp. 613
Choosing a Block Sizep. 617
The Extentp. 618
The Segmentp. 621
The Tablespacep. 622
The Disk Arrayp. 623
Conclusionp. 624
About the Authorp. 625
Indexp. 627
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved.

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Excerpts

Why Another Book? Since there are so many books about Oracle already on the market, why have I bothered to sit down and add to the pile? In the age of Internet news groups and Web sites, it isn't for the fame. And given the specialized nature and likely circulation of such a tome, it probably isn't for the fortune. Every now and again, usually while I've been rattling on enthusiastically about some obscure and esoteric feature of the way in which Oracle works, I've been asked, Why don't you write a book about Oracle since you know so much about it? My answer has always been the same: If you write a technical book about Oracle, it will be out of date by the time you've finished writing it, and within a year of publication it will be 20% misleading, inappropriate, or just plain wrong. I have, however, finally given in to temptation because I've spent too long traveling around the world helping people to get the best out of their databases, and discovering time and again that the single biggest aid to success is to start well by picking the most appropriate features for the job. This book is my attempt to tell you about some of the more useful things I have discovered while designing or fixing a few of the more thought-provoking databases that I have come across. I'm writing it partly for the challenge, and partly because I enjoy making Oracle work well and want to pass on some of the interesting and entertaining insights I have had. I hope you enjoy reading it and, more important, I hope you get a better feeling for what the Oracle database can do for you. Who Is It For? There are four stages to doing a job well: Knowing what can be done Knowing whether it should be done Being able to do it in theory Being able to do it in practice Many of the books about Oracle currently on the market seem to focus on the finer points of the third and fourth steps. My aim is to help you with the first two, although this entails including practical observations relevant to the third and fourth steps. This book does not exist to thrill the hard-core specialists by supplying subtle secrets and technical tweaks that will allow them to squeeze an extra half of a percent from their database. This book is here to help everyone get to a stage where they can put together a system that gives response times that are reasonable, considering the investment made in hardware, software, and human effort. Whether you are a manager, designer, database administrator, or programmer, there is something in this book for you. For the manager it gives a wide-ranging view of what Oracle is capable of and what you can expect your team to achieve. For the designer it outlines the possibilities offered by the many features of the relational database management system. For the database administrator it describes how using the right features correctly can make managing the database much easier. For the programmer (who is always keen to know how things really work) it makes it possible to connect the code that he writes to the features he is using, so that he can structure his code in the most appropriate way. Which Version of Oracle? A couple of years ago, a collection of information technology directors in the United Kingdom were asked what they perceived to be the biggest problems they had in managing their departments. Somewhere in the top ten was this response: the rate at which Oracle Corporation produces upgrades and new versions of their products. If Oracle keeps moving that fast, how do you pick a target when writing a book about it? My strategy for tackling problems is the same regardless of the version of Oracle with which I'm working, so when you read this book you don't really have to worry about which version of Oracle you are using. However, I am going to focus as much as I can on Oracle 8.1.5--for the simple reason that it is the latest version (at least it was whe

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