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9780262033848

Introduction to Algorithms

by ; ; ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780262033848

  • ISBN10:

    0262033844

  • Edition: 3rd
  • Format: Hardcover
  • Copyright: 2009-07-31
  • Publisher: RANDOM HOUSE

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Summary

Some books on algorithms are rigorous but incomplete; others cover masses of material but lack rigor. Introduction to Algorithms uniquely combines rigor and comprehensiveness. The book covers a broad range of algorithms in depth, yet makes their design and analysis accessible to all levels of readers. Each chapter is relatively self-contained and can be used as a unit of study. The algorithms are described in English and in a pseudocode designed to be readable by anyone who has done a little programming. The explanations have been kept elementary without sacrificing depth of coverage or mathematical rigor. The first edition became a widely used text in universities worldwide as well as the standard reference for professionals. The second edition featured new chapters on the role of algorithms, probabilistic analysis and randomized algorithms, and linear programming. The third edition has been revised and updated throughout. It includes two completely new chapters, on van Emde Boas trees and multithreaded algorithms, substantial additions to the chapter on recurrence (now called "Divide-and-Conquer"), and an appendix on matrices. It features improved treatment of dynamic programming and greedy algorithms and a new notion of edge-based flow in the material on flow networks. Many new exercises and problems have been added for this edition. As of the third edition, this textbook is published exclusively by the MIT Press.

Author Biography

Thomas H. Cormen is Professor of Computer Science and former Director of the Institute for Writing and Rhetoric at Dartmouth College. He is the coauthor (with Charles E. Leiserson, Ronald L. Rivest, and Clifford Stein) of the leading textbook on computer algorithms, Introduction to Algorithms (third edition, MIT Press, 2009).

Charles E. Leiserson is Professor of Computer Science and Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Ronald L. Rivest is Andrew and Erna Viterbi Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Clifford Stein is Professor of Industrial Engineering and Operations Research at Columbia University.

Table of Contents

Prefacep. xiii
Foundations
Introductionp. 3
The Role of Algorithms in Computingp. 5
Algorithmsp. 5
Algorithms as a technologyp. 11
Getting Startedp. 16
Insertion sortp. 16
Analyzing algorithmsp. 23
Designing algorithmsp. 29
Growth of Functionsp. 43
Asymptotic notationp. 43
Standard notations and common functionsp. 53
Divide-and-Conquerp. 65
The maximum-subarray problemp. 68
Strassen's algorithm for matrix multiplicationp. 75
The substitution method for solving recurrencesp. 83
The recursion-tree method for solving recurrencesp. 88
The master method for solving recurrencesp. 93
Proof of the master theoremp. 97
Probabilistic Analysis and Randomized Algorithmsp. 114
The hiring problemp. 114
Indicator random variablesp. 118
Randomized algorithmsp. 122
Probabilistic analysis and further uses of indicator random variablesp. 130
Sorting and Order Statistics
Introductionp. 147
Heapsortp. 151
Heapsp. 151
Maintaining the heap propertyp. 154
Building a heapp. 156
The heapsort algorithmp. 159
Priority queuesp. 162
Quicksortp. 170
Description of quicksortp. 170
Performance of quicksortp. 174
A randomized version of quicksortp. 179
Analysis of quicksortp. 180
Sorting in Linear Timep. 191
Lower bounds for sortingp. 191
Counting sortp. 194
Radix sortp. 197
Bucket sortp. 200
Medians and Order Statisticsp. 213
Minimum and maximump. 214
Selection in expected linear timep. 215
Selection in worst-case linear timep. 220
Data Structures
Introductionp. 229
Elementary Data Structuresp. 232
Stacks and queuesp. 232
Linked listsp. 236
Implementing pointers and objectsp. 241
Representing rooted treesp. 246
Hash Tablesp. 253
Direct-address tablesp. 254
Hash tablesp. 256
Hash functionsp. 262
Open addressingp. 269
Perfect hashingp. 277
Binary Search Treesp. 286
What is a binary search tree?p. 286
Querying a binary search treep. 289
Insertion and deletionp. 294
Randomly built binary search treesp. 299
Red-Black Treesp. 308
Properties of red-black treesp. 308
Rotationsp. 312
Insertionp. 315
Deletionp. 323
Augmenting Data Structuresp. 339
Dynamic order statisticsp. 339
How to augment a data structurep. 345
Interval treesp. 348
Advanced Design and Analysis Techniques
Introductionp. 357
Dynamic Programmingp. 359
Rod cuttingp. 360
Matrix-chain multiplicationp. 370
Elements of dynamic programmingp. 378
Longest common subsequencep. 390
Optimal binary search treesp. 397
Greedy Algorithmsp. 414
An activity-selection problemp. 415
Elements of the greedy strategyp. 423
Huffman codesp. 428
Matroids and greedy methodsp. 437
A task-scheduling problem as a matroidp. 443
Amortized Analysisp. 451
Aggregate analysisp. 452
The accounting methodp. 456
The potential methodp. 459
Dynamic tablesp. 463
Advanced Data Structures
Introductionp. 481
B-Treesp. 484
Definition of B-treesp. 488
Basic operations on B-treesp. 491
Deleting a key from a B-treep. 499
Fibonacci Heapsp. 505
Structure of Fibonacci heapsp. 507
Mergeable-heap operationsp. 510
Decreasing a key and deleting a nodep. 518
Bounding the maximum degreep. 523
van Emde Boas Treesp. 531
Preliminary approachesp. 532
A recursive structurep. 536
The van Emde Boas treep. 545
Data Structures for Disjoint Setsp. 561
Disjoint-set operationsp. 561
Linked-list representation of disjoint setsp. 564
Disjoint-set forestsp. 568
Analysis of union by rank with path compressionp. 573
Graph Algorithms
Introductionp. 587
Elementary Graph Algorithmsp. 589
Representations of graphsp. 589
Breadth-first searchp. 594
Depth-first searchp. 603
Topological sortp. 612
Strongly connected componentsp. 615
Minimum Spanning Treesp. 624
Growing a minimum spanning treep. 625
The algorithms of Kruskal and Primp. 631
Single-Source Shortest Pathsp. 643
The Bellman-Ford algorithmp. 651
Single-source shortest paths in directed acyclic graphsp. 655
Dijkstra's algorithmp. 658
Difference constraints and shortest pathsp. 664
Proofs of shortest-paths propertiesp. 671
All-Pairs Shortest Pathsp. 684
Shortest paths and matrix multiplicationp. 686
The Floyd-Warshall algorithmp. 693
Johnson's algorithm for sparse graphsp. 700
Maximum Flowp. 708
Flow networksp. 709
The Ford-Fulkerson methodp. 714
Maximum bipartite matchingp. 732
Push-relabel algorithmsp. 736
The relabel-to-front algorithmp. 748
Selected Topics
Introductionp. 769
Multithreaded Algorithmsp. 772
The basics of dynamic multithreadingp. 774
Multithreaded matrix multiplicationp. 792
Multithreaded merge sortp. 797
Matrix Operationsp. 813
Solving systems of linear equationsp. 813
Inverting matricesp. 827
Symmetric positive-definite matrices and least-squares approximationp. 832
Linear Programmingp. 843
Standard and slack formsp. 850
Formulating problems as linear programsp. 859
The simplex algorithmp. 864
Dualityp. 879
The initial basic feasible solutionp. 886
Polynomials and the FFTp. 898
Representing polynomialsp. 900
The DFT and FFTp. 906
Efficient FFT implementationsp. 915
Number-Theoretic Algorithmsp. 926
Elementary number-theoretic notionsp. 927
Greatest common divisorp. 933
Modular arithmeticp. 939
Solving modular linear equationsp. 946
The Chinese remainder theoremp. 950
Powers of an elementp. 954
The RSA public-key cryptosystemp. 958
Primality testingp. 965
Integer factorizationp. 975
String Matchingp. 985
The naive string-matching algorithmp. 988
The Rabin-Karp algorithmp. 990
String matching with finite automatap. 995
The Knuth-Morris-Pratt algorithmp. 1002
Computational Geometryp. 1014
Line-segment propertiesp. 1015
Determining whether any pair of segments intersectsp. 1021
Finding the convex hullp. 1029
Finding the closest pair of pointsp. 1039
NP-Completenessp. 1048
Polynomial timep. 1053
Polynomial-time verificationp. 1061
NP-completeness and reducibilityp. 1067
NP-completeness proofsp. 1078
NP-complete problemsp. 1086
Approximation Algorithmsp. 1106
The vertex-cover problemp. 1108
The traveling-salesman problemp. 1111
The set-covering problemp. 1117
Randomization and linear programmingp. 1123
The subset-sum problemp. 1128
Appendix: Mathematical Background
Introductionp. 1143
Summationsp. 1145
Summation formulas and propertiesp. 1145
Bounding summationsp. 1149
Sets, Etc.p. 1158
Setsp. 1158
Relationsp. 1163
Functionsp. 1166
Graphsp. 1168
Treesp. 1173
Counting and Probabilityp. 1183
Countingp. 1183
Probabilityp. 1189
Discrete random variablesp. 1196
The geometric and binomial distributionsp. 1201
The tails of the binomial distributionp. 1208
Matricesp. 1217
Matrices and matrix operationsp. 1217
Basic matrix propertiesp. 1222
Bibliographyp. 1231
Indexp. 1251
Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved.

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