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9780321193124

Cascading Style Sheets : Designing for the Web

by ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780321193124

  • ISBN10:

    0321193121

  • Edition: 3rd
  • Format: Paperback
  • Copyright: 2005-04-25
  • Publisher: Addison-Wesley Professional
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Supplemental Materials

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Summary

The definitive guide to Cascading Style Sheets version 2.1 - from the creators of the technology.

Author Biography

Hakon Wium Lie is a product of the MIT Media Lab's Electronic Publishing Group, who joined the WWW project at CERN Physics Laboratory in Geneva in the early days of the Web. He first proposed the concept of Cascading Style Sheets in 1994 and is now responsible for Style Sheets within W3C. When not working on how to beautify web pages, he paints 'Rothko'-like paintings and collects bits and pieces for his soon to be built, computer controlled pipe organ. Bert Bos completed his Ph.D. in Groningen, The Netherlands, on a prototyping language for graphical user interfaces. He developed browser software and support for humanities scholars and then joined the W3C at INRIA/Sophia-Antipolis in 1995. He started, and for three years led, W3C's work on internationalization, and now coordinates the development of new versions of XML. He continues his work on Style Sheets.

Table of Contents

Foreword 2005 v
Foreword 1999 vii
Preface xviii
Chapter 1 The Web and HTML 1(32)
The Web
3(1)
Development of the Web
3(1)
Markup Languages
4(1)
Dodging the Limitations of HTML
5(5)
Proprietary HTML extensions
6(1)
Converting text into images
7(1)
Placing text in a table
8(1)
Writing a program instead of using HTML
9(1)
HTML Basics
10(23)
Elements
10(1)
Building a simple HTML document
11(4)
Block-level and inline elements
15(1)
Element overview
16(1)
Comments
17(1)
Lists
18(3)
Empty elements HR and BR
21(1)
Maintaining pre formatted text
22(2)
Adding hyperlinks
24(2)
Adding images
26(1)
Document Trees
27(6)
Nested elements
29(4)
Chapter 2 CSS 33(21)
Rules and Style Sheets
33(4)
Anatomy of a rule
34(1)
Anatomy of a declaration
34(1)
Grouping selectors and rules
35(2)
"Gluing" Style Sheets to the Document
37(2)
Gluing by using the STYLE element
37(2)
Browsers and CSS
39(2)
Tree structures and inheritance
41(1)
Overriding Inheritance
42(2)
Properties that don't inherit
44(8)
Common tasks with CSS
45(1)
Common tasks: fonts
45(2)
Common tasks: margins
47(4)
Common tasks: links
51(1)
A word about cascading
52(2)
Chapter 3 The amazing em unit and other best practices 54(7)
Chapter 4 CSS selectors 61(28)
Selector Schemes
61(1)
Type Selectors
62(1)
Simple attribute selectors
63(4)
The CLASS attribute
63(3)
The ID attribute
66(1)
The STYLE Attribute
67(2)
Combining Selector Types
69(1)
Simple contextual selectors
70(1)
External information: pseudo-classes and pseudo-elements
71(4)
The anchor pseudo-classes
72(1)
The first-letter and first-line pseudo-elements
73(2)
DIV and SPAN
75(2)
Advanced attribute selectors
77(5)
Selecting on the presence of an attribute
77(1)
Selecting on the value of an attribute
78(1)
Selecting on a single word in the value of an attribute
78(1)
Selecting on the language of an element
79(3)
Advanced contextual selectors
82(1)
The child selector
82(1)
The sibling selector
83(1)
Advanced pseudo-classes
83(3)
User-interaction: the active, hover, and focus pseudo-classes
83(2)
Counting elements: the first-child pseudo-class
85(1)
Advanced pseudo-elements
86(1)
The "any" selector
86(3)
Chapter 5 Fonts 89(33)
Typesetting terminology
90(1)
Classifying font families
91(3)
Serif or sans serif?
92(1)
Proportional-spaced or monospaced?
92(1)
Does it resemble handwriting?
93(1)
Is it mainly for decorative purposes?
93(1)
The font-family property
94(4)
Design tips using font families
97(1)
Font metrics
98(2)
Length units
100(3)
Absolute units
101(1)
Relative units
101(1)
The pixel unit
102(1)
Percentages as values
103(1)
Keywords as values
104(1)
The font-size property
104(3)
The "length" value
104(1)
The "percentage" value
105(1)
The "absolute-size" value
106(1)
The "relative-size" value
106(1)
The font-style property
107(2)
The font-variant property
109(1)
The font-weight property
110(3)
The font property
113(2)
The text-decoration property
115(2)
The text-transform property
117(3)
The direction and unicode-bidi properties
120(1)
More information about fonts
121(1)
Chapter 6 The fundamental objects 122(26)
The box model
123(1)
The display property
124(3)
The "block" value
125(1)
The "inline" value
125(1)
The "list-item" value
126(1)
The "none" value
126(1)
The "run-in" value
126(1)
The "inline-block" value
127(1)
Using the display property
127(2)
More about lists - the list-style properties
129(1)
The list-style-type property
129(2)
The list-style-image property
131(1)
The list-style-position property
132(1)
The list-style property
132(2)
Generated text, counters, and quotes
134(9)
The :before and :after pseudo-elements and the content property
135(2)
Generating quote marks
137(3)
Counters
140(2)
Styles for counters
142(1)
Self-nesting counters
142(1)
The white-space property
143(5)
Chapter 7 Space inside boxes 148(22)
Space inside block-level elements
149(1)
The text-align property
150(1)
Right aligning text
151(1)
justifying text
152(1)
The text-indent property
153(1)
Using the text-indent property
154(2)
The line-height property
156(3)
Using the line-height property
159(1)
The word-spacing property
160(1)
Using the word-spacing property
161(1)
The letter-spacing property
162(1)
Using the letter-spacing property
163(2)
The vertical-align property
165(3)
The "top" and "bottom" keywords
166(1)
The value as a percentage or length
167(1)
The cursor property
168(2)
Chapter 8 Space around boxes 170(35)
Margins and the margin properties
171(2)
Using the margin property
173(1)
Common uses of the margin properties
173(2)
The padding properties
175(2)
Using the padding property
177(1)
The border properties group
178(1)
The border-color properties
179(2)
The border-style properties
181(2)
The border-width properties
183(2)
Using the border-width property
185(1)
The border properties
185(1)
Using the border property
186(2)
Working with the border properties
188(1)
Outline borders
188(2)
Collapsing margins
190(2)
The width property
192(1)
The height property
192(1)
The float property
193(2)
The clear property
195(2)
Minimum and maximum widths and heights
197(1)
The whole story on width computation
198(3)
Case 1: no value is "auto"
201(1)
Case 2: one value is "auto"
201(1)
Case 3: two or three of the three values are "auto"
201(2)
The overflow property
203(2)
Chapter 9 Relative and absolute positioning 205(17)
The position property
206(1)
The containing block
207(3)
Relative positioning
210(1)
Fixed positioning
211(2)
Absolute positioning
213(3)
Using auto values
214(2)
The z-index property
216(1)
Making elements invisible
217(1)
Clipping elements
218(1)
An example
218(4)
Chapter 10 Colors 222(20)
Specifying colors
223(4)
Color names
224(1)
RGB colors
224(2)
System colors
226(1)
The properties
227(1)
The color property
227(1)
Setting the color of a border
228(1)
Setting the color of hyperlinks
228(1)
The background properties
229(1)
The background-color property
229(3)
Background color in inline elements
230(1)
Background color in block elements
231(1)
Background color in list items
231(1)
The transparent value
231(1)
The background-image property
232(1)
The background-repeat property
233(2)
The background-attachment property
235(2)
The background-position property
237(2)
Placing images using percentages
237(1)
Placing images using absolute positions
238(1)
Placing images using keywords
238(1)
The background property
239(2)
Setting the background of the canvas
241(1)
Chapter 11 From HTML extensions to CSS 242(24)
Case 1: Magnet
242(3)
Case 2: Cyberspazio
245(4)
Colors
245(2)
Images
247(1)
Fonts
247(1)
White space
248(1)
Case 3: "The form of the book"
249(3)
Case 4: "The new typography"
252(2)
Case 5: TSDesign
254(6)
Case 6: CSS Zen Garden
260(6)
Chapter 12 Printing and other media 266(15)
Page breaks
267(5)
Use of page break properties
271(1)
Page areas
272(3)
Page selectors and margins
272(1)
Left and right pages
273(1)
First pages
274(1)
Units for page margins
275(1)
Media-specific style sheets
275(6)
Media types
277(4)
Chapter 13 Cascading and inheritance 281(12)
Example 1: The Basics
283(2)
Example 2: conflicts appear
285(1)
Example 3: accommodating user styles
286(2)
Example 4: a more complex example
288(4)
Step 1: Find all rules that apply
289(1)
Step 2: Sort the rules by explicit weight
290(1)
Step 3: Sort by origin
290(1)
Step 4: Sort by specificity
291(1)
Step 5: Sort by order specified
291(1)
The "inherit" keyword
292(1)
Chapter 14 External style sheets 293(14)
Why external style sheets?
293(1)
External HTML style sheets
294(1)
Linking to style sheets
294(5)
Persistent, preferred, and alternate author style sheets
296(2)
The MEDIA attribute
298(1)
@import
299(2)
Using @import: a case study
299(1)
@import: the details
300(1)
External XML style sheets
301(1)
W3C Core Styles
302(5)
Chapter 15 Other approaches 307(10)
Creating a document without using a style sheet
307(6)
Using elements for layout
308(3)
Using attributes for layout
311(1)
The single-pixel GIF trick for controlling space
312(1)
Using a different format from HTML
313(2)
Portable Document Format
313(1)
Images
314(1)
Using XSL
315(2)
Chapter 16 XML documents 317(10)
XML in 10 points
317(4)
1. XML is for structuring data
317(1)
2. XML looks a bit like HTML
318(1)
3. XML is text, but isn't meant to be read
318(1)
4. XML is verbose by design
318(1)
5. XML is a family of technologies
319(1)
6. XML is new, but not that new
319(1)
7. XML leads HTML to XHTML
319(1)
8. XML is modular
320(1)
9. XML is the basis for RDF and the Semantic Web
320(1)
10. XML is license-free, platform-independent, and well-supported
321(1)
XML and CSS
321(1)
Experimenting with XML
322(1)
Some examples
323(4)
Chapter 17 Tables 327(18)
The parts of a table
327(2)
Collapsing borders model
329(3)
Separated borders model
332(2)
Borders for empty cells
334(1)
Alignment
334(1)
Sizes
335(4)
Fast size
337(2)
Setting background colors
339(1)
Positioning the caption
340(1)
Inline tables
340(1)
XML and tables
341(4)
Chapter 18 The CSS saga 345(9)
Browsers
349(3)
Beyond browsers
352(2)
Appendix A HTML 4.0 quick reference 354(15)
Document structure
354(1)
The HEAD element
355(1)
The BODY element
356(4)
Container elements
357(1)
Bridge elements
357(1)
Special elements
358(2)
Text-level elements
360(4)
Restricted text-level elements
362(2)
BUTTON: a text-level container element
364(1)
Special characters
364(2)
XHTML I
366(3)
Appendix B Reading property value definitions 369(7)
Multiple values
371(3)
Tying it all together
374(2)
Appendix C System colors 376

Supplemental Materials

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The New copy of this book will include any supplemental materials advertised. Please check the title of the book to determine if it should include any access cards, study guides, lab manuals, CDs, etc.

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Excerpts

Cascading Style Sheets, Third Edition, Designing for the Web Since its introduction in 1996, Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) has revolutionized web page design. Now, in 2004, most web pages use CSS, and many designers base their layouts entirely on CSS. To do so successfully requires a good understanding of how CSS works. The purpose of this book is to describe how designers can take full advantage of CSS 2.1, which is the newly released update of the specification. CSS's journey from an idea to a specification-and then on to a specification designers can rely on-has been long and arderous. The creator of the CSS Zen Garden (described in Chapter 12, "From HTML extenstions to CSS") describes it this way: Littering a dark and dreary road lay the past relics of browser-specific tags, incompatible DOMs, and broken CSS support. Today, we must clear the mind of past practices. Web enlightenment has been achieved thanks to the tireless efforts of folk like the W3C, WaSP and the major browser 1 creators. Indeed, we believe the web is a more enlightened place now that CSS have matured to a stage where it can be used for advanced layouts in a range of browsers. This book will tell you all you need to know to start using CSS. Copyright Pearson Education. All rights reserved.

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