This book provides an understanding of governance and its relevance to information security. It gives readers a clear, step-by-step approach to developing a sound security strategy aligned with their business objectives in order to ensure a predictable level of functionality and assurance. Next, it explores various approaches to implementing the strategy, guiding the reader toward practical, workable solutions. A broad range of business managers, IT security managers, and information security managers will value the guidance, action plans, and sample policies provided in this comprehensive book.

Krag Brotby, cism, has more than twenty-five years of experience in the computer security field with a focus on governance, metrics, and architecture. A frequent presenter at security conferences, he has authored a variety of publications on information security risk management, governance, and metrics. A principal author and editor of the ISACA CISM review manual and related presentation materials, he has served on the CISM Practice Analysis Task Force defining the information security practice area for the coming years.

Acknowledgments	p. xi
Introduction	p. xiii
Governance Overview-How Do We Do It? What Do We Get Out of It?	p. 1
What Is It?	p. 1
Back to Basics	p. 2
Origins of Governance	p. 3
Governance Definition	p. 5
Information Security Governance	p. 5
Six Outcomes of Effective Security Governance	p. 6
Defining Information, Data, Knowledge	p. 7
Value of Information	p. 7
Why Governance?	p. 9
Benefits of Good Governance	p. 11
Aligning Security with Business Objectives	p. 11
Providing the Structure and Framework to Optimize Allocations of Limited Resources	p. 12
Providing Assurance that Critical Decisions are Not Based on Faulty Information	p. 13
Ensuring Accountability for Safeguarding Critical Assets	p. 13
Increasing Trust of Customers and Stakeholders	p. 14
Increasing the Company's Worth	p. 14
Reducing Liability for Information Inaccuracy or Lack of Due Care in Protection	p. 14
Increasing Predictability and Reducing Uncertainty of Business Operations	p. 15
A Management Problem	p. 15
Legal and Regulatory Requirements	p. 17
Security Governance and Regulation	p. 18
Roles and Responsibilities	p. 21
The Board of Directors	p. 22
Executive Management	p. 22
Security Steering Committee	p. 24
The CISO	p. 24
Strategic Metrics	p. 27
Governance Objectives	p. 28
Strategic Direction	p. 29
Ensuring Objectives are Achieved	p. 29
Risks Managed Appropriately	p. 30
Verifying that Resources are Used Responsibly	p. 31
Information Security Outcomes	p. 33
Defining Outcomes	p. 33
Strategic Alignment-Aligning Security Activities in Support of Organizational Objectives	p. 34
Risk Management-Executing Appropriate Measures to Manage Risks and Potential Impacts to an Acceptable Level	p. 36
Business Process Assurance/Convergence-Integrating All Relevant Assurance Processes to Improve Overall Security and Efficiency	p. 39
Value Delivery-Optimizing Investments in Support of Organizational Objectives	p. 42
Resource Management-Using Organizational Resources Efficiently and Effectively	p. 44
Performance Measurement-Monitoring and Reporting on Security Processes to Ensure that Objectives are Achieved	p. 45
Security Governance Objectives	p. 47
Security Architecture	p. 48
Managing Complexity	p. 48
Providing a Framework and Road Map	p. 50
Simplicity and Clarity through Layering and Modularization	p. 50
Business Focus Beyond the Technical Domain	p. 50
Objectives of Information Security Architectures	p. 50
SABSA Framework for Security Service Management	p. 54
SABSA Development Process	p. 54
SABSA Life Cycle	p. 54
SABSA Attributes	p. 56
CobiT	p. 58
Capability Maturity Model	p. 59
ISO/IEC 27001/27002	p. 63
ISO 27001	p. 64
ISO 27002	p. 67
Other Approaches	p. 68
National Cybersecurity Task Force, Information Security Governance: A Call to Action	p. 68
Risk Management Objectives	p. 75
Risk Management Responsibilities	p. 76
Managing Risk Appropriately	p. 76
Determining Risk Management Objectives	p. 77
Recovery Time Objectives	p. 78
Current State	p. 81
Current State of Security	p. 81
SABSA	p. 82
CobiT	p. 82
CMM	p. 82
ISO/IEC 27001, 27002	p. 83
Cyber Security Taskforce Governance Framework	p. 83
Current State of Risk Management	p. 84
Gap Analysis-Unmitigated Risk	p. 84
SABSA	p. 85
CMM	p. 85
Developing a Security Strategy	p. 87
Failures of Strategy	p. 88
Attributes of a Good Security Strategy	p. 89
Strategy Resources	p. 91
Utilizing Architecture for Strategy Development	p. 94
Using CobiT for Strategy Development	p. 94
Using CMM for Strategy Development	p. 96
Strategy Constraints	p. 96
Contextual Constraints	p. 97
Operational Constraints	p. 97
Sample Strategy Development	p. 99
The Process	p. 100
Implementing Strategy	p. 109
Action Plan Intermediate Goals	p. 109
Action Plan Metrics	p. 110
Reengineering	p. 110
Inadequate Performance	p. 110
Elements of Strategy	p. 110
Policy Development	p. 111
Standards	p. 116
Summary	p. 125
Security Program Development Metrics	p. 127
Information Security Program Development Metrics	p. 127
Program Development Operational Metrics	p. 129
Information Security Management Metrics	p. 131
Management Metrics	p. 132
Security Management Decision Support Metrics	p. 132
CISO Decisions	p. 134
Strategic Alignment-Aligning Security Activities in Support of Organizational Objectives	p. 134
Risk Management-Executing Appropriate Measures to Manage Risks and Potential Impacts to an Acceptable Level	p. 137
Metrics for Risk Management	p. 138
Assurance Process Integration	p. 141
Value Delivery-Optimizing Investments in Support of the Organization's Objectives	p. 142
Resource Management-Using Organizational Resources Efficiently and Effectively	p. 144
Performance Measurement-Monitoring and Reporting on Security Processes to Ensure that Organizational Objectives are Achieved	p. 145
Information Security Operational Metrics	p. 145
IT and Information Security Management	p. 145
Compliance Metrics	p. 146
Incident Management and Response Metrics	p. 155
Incident Management Decision Support Metrics	p. 156
Is It Actually and Incident?	p. 156
What Kind of Incident Is It?	p. 157
Is It a Security Incident?	p. 157
What Is the Security Level?	p. 157
Are there Multiple Events and/or Impacts	p. 158
Will an Incident Need Triage?	p. 158
What Is the Most Effective Response?	p. 158
What Immediate Actions Must be Taken?	p. 158
Which Incident Response Teams and Other Personnel Must be Mobilized?	p. 159
Who Must be Notified?	p. 159
Who Is in Charge?	p. 159
Is It Becoming a Disaster?	p. 159
Conclusion	p. 161
SABSA Business Attributes and Metrics	p. 163
Cultural Worldviews	p. 181
Heirarchists	p. 181
Egalitarians	p. 181
Individualists	p. 182
Fatalists	p. 182
Index	p. 185
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Information Security Governance A Practical Development and Implementation Approach

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