Body Structures and Functions

by Scott, Ann; Fong, Elizabeth

• ISBN13: 9781401809959
• ISBN10: 1401809952
• Edition: 10th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2003-02-28
• Publisher: CENGAGE Delmar Learning

Summary

Now in its 10th Edition, Body Structures & Functions has been completely updated and now includes great new features like a review of medical terminology, case studies to promote critical thinking, and complete coverage on the effects of aging.

Table of Contents

Preface	ix
How to Study Using Body Structures & Functions	xiii
Introduction to the Structural Units	1	(11)
Anatomy and Physiology	2	(1)
Anatomic Terminology	2	(3)
Life Functions	5	(1)
Human Development	6	(1)
Body Processes	6	(6)
Chemistry of Living Things	12	(16)
Chemistry	13	(1)
Matter and Energy	13	(1)
Atoms	13	(2)
Elements	15	(1)
Compounds	15	(1)
Ions and Electrolytes	16	(1)
Types of Compounds	16	(1)
Carbohydrates	17	(1)
Lipids	18	(1)
Proteins	18	(1)
Nucleic Acids	19	(1)
Acids, Bases, and Salts	20	(2)
pH Scale	22	(6)
Cells	28	(22)
Cell Membrane	29	(1)
Nucleus	29	(2)
Cytoplasm	31	(1)
Cell Division	32	(4)
Protein Synthesis	36	(1)
Movement of Materials Across Cell Membranes	36	(5)
Specialization	41	(1)
Disorders of Cell Structure	42	(8)
Tissues and Membranes	50	(15)
Tissues	51	(1)
Membranes	51	(6)
Organs and Systems	57	(1)
Degree of Tissue Repair	57	(2)
Process of Epithelial Tissue Repair	59	(6)
Integumentary System	65	(18)
Functions of the Skin	66	(1)
Structure of the Skin	66	(3)
Appendages of the Skin	69	(1)
The Integument and Its Relationship to Microorganisms	70	(1)
Representative Disorders of the Skin	71	(2)
Skin Cancer	73	(1)
Burns	74	(1)
Skin Lesions	74	(9)
Skeletal System	83	(29)
Functions	84	(1)
Structure and Formation of Bone	84	(1)
Bone Formation	84	(1)
Structure of Long Bone	85	(1)
Growth	86	(1)
Bone Types	86	(1)
Parts of the Skeletal System	86	(9)
Joints and Related Structures	95	(2)
Types of Motion	97	(2)
Disorders of the Bones and Joints	99	(1)
Diseases of the Bones	100	(2)
Other Medically Related Disorders	102	(10)
Muscular System	112	(24)
Types of Muscles	113	(2)
Characteristics of Muscles	115	(1)
Muscle Attachments and Functions	115	(1)
Sources of Energy and Heat	116	(1)
Contraction of Skeletal Muscle	117	(1)
Muscle Fatigue	117	(1)
Muscle Tone	118	(1)
Principal Skeletal Muscles	118	(1)
Muscles of the Head and Neck	119	(1)
Muscles of the Upper Extremities	119	(5)
Muscles of the Trunk	124	(1)
Muscles of the Lower Extremities	124	(2)
How Exercise and Training Change Muscles	126	(1)
Massage Muscles	127	(1)
Intramuscular Injections	127	(1)
MusculoSkeletal Disorders	127	(9)
Central Nervous System	136	(23)
Introduction to the Central Nervous System	137	(2)
Divisions of the Nervous System	139	(1)
The Brain	140	(4)
Cerebrum	144	(2)
Diencephalon	146	(1)
Cerebellum	147	(2)
Brain Stem	149	(1)
Spinal Cord	150	(1)
Disorders of the Central Nervous System	150	(9)
Peripheral and Autonomic Nervous System	159	(13)
Peripheral Nervous System	160	(1)
Nerves	161	(1)
Cranial and Spinal Nerves	161	(1)
Autonomic Nervous System	161	(4)
Disorders of the Peripheral Nervous System	165	(7)
Special Senses	172	(24)
Sensory Receptors	173	(1)
The Eye	173	(4)
Pathway of Vision	177	(1)
Eye Disorders	177	(4)
The Ear	181	(2)
Pathway of Hearing	183	(1)
Pathway of Equilibrium	183	(1)
Loud Noise and Hearing Loss	183	(1)
Ear Disorders	184	(1)
The Nose	185	(1)
Disorders of the Nose	186	(1)
The Tongue	187	(9)
Endocrine System	196	(26)
Function of the Endocrine System	197	(1)
Hormonal Control	198	(1)
Pituitary Gland	198	(2)
Hormones of the Pituitary Gland	200	(1)
Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands	201	(4)
Thymus Gland	205	(1)
Adrenal Glands	205	(1)
Gonads	206	(1)
Pancreas	207	(1)
Pineal Gland	208	(1)
Other Hormones Produced in the Body	208	(1)
Disorders of the Endocrine System	209	(1)
Pituitary Disorders	209	(2)
Thyroid Disorders	211	(1)
Parathyroid Disorders	212	(1)
Adrenal Disorders	212	(1)
Steroid Abuse in Sports	213	(1)
Gonad Disorders	213	(1)
Pancreatic Disorders	213	(9)
Blood	222	(18)
Function of Blood	223	(1)
Blood Composition	223	(1)
Blood Plasma	223	(2)
Red Blood Cells	225	(1)
White Blood Cells	226	(1)
Inflammation	226	(2)
Thrombocytes (Blood Platelets)	228	(2)
Blood Types	230	(1)
Rh Factor	230	(1)
Blood Norms	231	(1)
Disorders of the Blood	231	(9)
Heart	240	(25)
Functions of the Circulatory System	241	(1)
Organs of the Circulatory System	241	(1)
Major Blood Circuits	241	(1)
Changes in the Composition of Circulating Blood	241	(1)
The Heart	242	(2)
Structure of the Heart	244	(3)
Control of Heart Contractions	247	(2)
Diagnostic Tests for Heart and Circulatory Function	249	(1)
Diseases of the Heart	249	(5)
Types of Heart Surgery	254	(2)
Heart Transplants	256	(9)
Circulation and Blood Vessels	265	(23)
Cardiopulmonary Circulation	266	(1)
Systemic Circulation	267	(3)
Blood Vessels	270	(5)
Venous Return	275	(1)
Blood Pressure	275	(1)
Pulse	276	(1)
Congenital Heart Defects	277	(1)
Disorders of Blood Vessels	278	(10)
The Lymphatic System and Immunity	288	(19)
Functions of the Lymphatic System	289	(1)
Lymph	289	(1)
Lymph Vessels	289	(1)
Lymph Nodes	290	(1)
Tonsils	290	(1)
Spleen	291	(1)
Thymus Gland	291	(1)
Disorders of the Lymph System	291	(1)
Immunity	292	(8)
AIDS/HIV	300	(7)
Infection Control and Standard Precautions	307	(19)
Flora	308	(1)
Pathogenicity and Virulence	308	(1)
Chain of Infection	309	(4)
Breaking the Chain of Infection	313	(1)
Normal Defense Mechanisms	314	(1)
Stages of the Infectious Process	315	(1)
Nosocomial Infections	316	(1)
Standard Precautions	316	(3)
Isolation	319	(7)
Respiratory System	326	(23)
Introduction to the Respiratory System	327	(1)
Functions of the Respiratory System	327	(1)
Respiratory Organs and Structures	328	(6)
Mechanics of Breathing	334	(1)
The Breathing Process	334	(1)
Control of Breathing	335	(2)
Lung Capacity and Volume	337	(1)
Types of Respiration	338	(1)
Disorders of the Respiratory System	338	(11)
Digestive System	349	(31)
Layers of the Digestive System	350	(1)
Lining of the Digestive System	350	(1)
Functions of the Digestive System	351	(1)
Organs of Digestion	351	(3)
Teeth/Accessory Organ of Digestion	354	(1)
Esophagus	355	(1)
Stomach	356	(2)
Small Intestine	358	(3)
Pancreas/Accessory Organ of Digestion	361	(1)
Liver/Accessory Organ of Digestion	361	(1)
Gallbladder	362	(1)
Large Intestine	363	(1)
General Overview of Digestion	364	(4)
Common Disorders of the Digestive System	368	(12)
Nutrition	380	(20)
Water	381	(1)
Carbohydrates	381	(1)
Lipids	382	(1)
Proteins	383	(1)
Minerals and Trace Elements	384	(1)
Vitamins	384	(1)
Fiber	384	(3)
Biochemical Individuality and Recommended Daily Dietary Allowances	387	(4)
Dietary Guidelines for Americans	391	(2)
Nutrition Labeling	393	(1)
Food Poisoning	393	(1)
Eating Disorders	393	(7)
Urinary/Excretory System	400	(19)
Urinary System	401	(1)
Functions of the Urinary System	401	(1)
Kidneys	402	(1)
Nephron	402	(2)
Urine Formation in the Nephron	404	(2)
Ureters	406	(1)
Urinary Bladder	406	(1)
Control of Urinary Secretion	406	(1)
Disorders of the Urinary System	407	(12)
Reproductive System	419	(32)
Functions of the Reproductive System	420	(1)
Fertilization	420	(3)
Fetal Development	423	(1)
Differentiation of Reproductive Organs	423	(1)
Organs of Reproduction	424	(2)
Female Reproductive System	426	(5)
The Menstrual Cycle	431	(2)
Menopause	433	(1)
Male Reproductive System	433	(4)
Contraception	437	(1)
Infertility	437	(2)
Disorders of the Reproductive System	439	(3)
Sexually Transmitted Disease	442	(9)
Genetics and Genetically Linked Diseases	451	(10)
Genetics	452	(1)
Types of Mutations	452	(1)
Lethal Genes	452	(1)
Human Genetic Disorders	453	(3)
Genetic Counseling	456	(1)
Genetic Engineering	456	(5)
Glossary	461	(23)
Index	484