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9780444870377

History of CERN, I

by ; ; ; ;
  • ISBN13:

    9780444870377

  • ISBN10:

    0444870377

  • Format: Hardcover
  • Copyright: 1987-03-01
  • Publisher: Elsevier Science
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Summary

Describing the history of CERN from its inception in the late 40's up to the mid-60's. The authors have divided these 17-18 years into roughly two successive periods. Volume I deals with the birth and official establishment of the organization and thus covers the years 1949-1954, while Volume II studies the life of the European laboratory during the first twelve years of its existence.

Table of Contents

Preface v
Contents xiii
Remarks on the notes and bibliographies xviii
List of archival sources consulted
xix
List of abbreviations
xxi
PART I. THE POST-WAR EMERGENCE OF HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS
From cosmic-ray and nuclear physics to high-energy physics
3(60)
Ulrike Mersits
The scientific situation in `elementary-particle physics' around 1945/46
4(7)
Institutional changes in nuclear physics due to the war
11(2)
The post-war accelerator programmes
13(11)
Experimental particle physics: developments from 1946 to 1953
24(8)
The theoreticians: from the first Shelter Island conference to the Rochester conferences
32(9)
Concluding remarks
41(22)
PART II. THE PREHISTORY OF CERN, 1949-FEBRUARY 1952
The first suggestions, 1949-June 1950
63(34)
Dominique Pestre
The years following the war
64(5)
Two proposals for European collaboration in November 1949
69(3)
The European Cultural Conference, Lausanne, 8-12 December 1949
72(3)
Attempts to implement the suggestions
75(7)
The fifth General Conference of UNESCO, Florence, June 1950
82(6)
The situation in June 1950
88(9)
The fusion of the initiatives, June-December 1950
97(26)
Dominique Pestre
The promotion of the Florence project, June-October 1950
98(3)
The meeting between Auger and Dautry and the decision to call a gathering of scientists in Geneva in December
101(8)
The Geneva meeting of 12 December at the Centre Europeen de la Culture
109(3)
Immediate reactions to the 12 December meeting
112(4)
Conclusion: Ideas and motivations behind Amaldi's, Auger's, and Dautry's proposals
116(7)
The period of informed optimism, December 1950-August 1951
123(24)
Dominique Pestre
The implementation of the resolution of 12 December: French, Italian, and Belgian roles in the organization of the project, December 1950-May 1951
124(6)
Meeting of consultants at UNESCO in Paris, May 1951
130(4)
Discussions arising out of the consultants' report, May-July 1951
134(6)
The intergovernmental meeting is called
140(1)
A marriage of convenience
141(6)
The period of conflict, August-December 1951
147(32)
Dominique Pestre
The gradual emergence of an alternative programme, August-October 1951
148(9)
Second meeting of consultants, Paris, 26 and 27 October 1951
157(6)
Tension peaks, late November-early December 1951
163(6)
The roots of the division
169(10)
The establishment of a Council of Representatives of European States, December 1951-February 1952
179(30)
Dominique Pestre
The intergovernmental conference in Paris, 17-20 December 1951
180(8)
Negotiations between December and February
188(6)
The second session of the conference, Geneva, 12-15 February 1952
194(4)
Concluding remarks on the respective roles of scientists and politicians in the process of establishment of the Council
198(11)
PART III. THE PROVISIONAL CERN, FEBRUARY 1952-OCTOBER 1954
Survey of developments
209(28)
John Krige
Establishing the study groups and the secretariat
211(1)
Fixing the energies of the accelerators
211(2)
The discovery of the strong-focusing principle
213(1)
The choice of a site for the new laboratory
213(2)
Britain takes the plunge
215(1)
Consolidating the scientific work
216(3)
The Convention and its signature
219(3)
The new mood in CERN
222(1)
Putting down roots in Geneva
223(2)
The nomination of the first Director-General
225(1)
The ratification of the Convention
226(2)
The philosophy of the organization
228(9)
Appendix 7.1 Scale of percentage contributions to the permanent organization applicable during the period to 31 December 1956
231(1)
Appendix 7.2 Rates of exchange used for accounting purposes (a) as from 1 December 1952 and (b) as from 1 January 1954
231(1)
Appendix 7.3 Dates of deposit of instruments of ratification of the Convention at UNESCO House in Paris
232(1)
Appendix 7.4 Official delegates to the nine Council sessions
232(5)
Case studies of some important decisions
237(56)
John Krige
The choice of a site
238(8)
The Convention. Two key clauses
246(6)
Financing the interim organization
252(9)
The nomination of the first Director-General and its aftermath
261(12)
The strong-focusing principle: the decision and its early consequences
273(9)
Planning the future laboratory
282(11)
Bibliography for Parts II and III 293(252)
John Krige
Dominique Pestre
Collection of photographs and documents of historic interest
PART IV. NATIONAL DECISIONS TO JOIN CERN
French attitudes to the European laboratory, 1949-1954
303(50)
Dominique Pestre
The French political and diplomatic context, and nuclear policy
305(4)
The French scientific context, 1945-1955
309(8)
French initiatives regarding the UNESCO project, the decision-making process, 1949-May 1952
317(11)
Towards the signing of the Convention, February 1952-July 1953
328(6)
The debate surrounding French ratification, July 1953-September 1954
334(8)
Concluding remarks
342(11)
The Italian scenario
353(30)
Lanfranco Belloni
CNR and the `Years of Reconstruction'
354(5)
Rome physicists' involvement in the European project
359(10)
CNR and Italian support of the European laboratory project
369(14)
Germany's part in the setting-up of CERN
383(48)
Armin Hermann
Up to the UNESCO conference in Paris
384(9)
Heisenberg's appointment as German delegate
393(6)
Heisenberg's role at the UNESCO conference
399(6)
The ratification
405(8)
German positions
413(18)
Britain and the European laboratory project: 1951-mid-1952
431(44)
John Krige
The period of detachment
433(5)
The UNESCO May report and the mounting opposition to it on the continent and in Britain
438(7)
Forging the alliance: the offer of the Liverpool cyclotron and the Paris conference
445(9)
Confronting the new question: Should Britain join the Council of Representatives?
454(8)
The Cabinet Steering Committee reconsiders the case
462(13)
Britain and the European laboratory project: mid-1952-December 1953
475(48)
John Krige
The emergence of the Harwell group
477(5)
The polarization of the scientific community
482(5)
Progress at governmental level
487(3)
Refocusing the issue: the `discovery' of the alternating-gradient principle
490(5)
Britain joins CERN
495(28)
Appendix 13.1 A short survey of the committees involved in the CERN decision
503(3)
Appendix 13.2 Decision-making at the science-government interface: some general comments
506(17)
PART V. CONCLUDING REMARKS
The how and the why of the birth of CERN
523(22)
John Krige
Dominique Pestre
A brief narrative account
524(1)
A classical interpretation of CERN's origins
525(4)
The first group of actors: the physicists
529(1)
The second group of actors: high-level science administrators and some diplomats
530(2)
The activities of the `CERN lobby'
532(3)
The reactions of the member states
535(1)
The motivations in governmental circles
536(1)
CERN, an American puppet?
537(2)
CERN, an organization of military importance?
539(6)
Appendix 1. Who's who in the foundation of CERN 545(22)
Armin Hermann
Appendix 2. Chronology of events 567(20)
John Krige
Dominique Pestre
Name index 587(7)
Thematic subject index 594

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