Flow Injection Analysis : A... | Buy

Summary

This is a practical guide for first-time and experienced users of Flow Injection Analysis (FIA). It gives, not a detailed theoretical analysis, but a ``nuts and bolts'' approach to the description of the technique and how it can be utilized to solve analytical chemical problems.

The advantages of flow injection, how, when, why and where it works are all fully explained. Criteria for the choice of hardware and useful hints for maintenance are provided. The large variety of detectors suitable to combine with FIA are discussed, as are special modes of operation, their advantages and their limitations, and also conversion of batch methods to FIA methods. Numerous in-depth descriptions of applications of FIA techniques in water, soil, pharmaceutical and industrial analysis are featured, and a complete bibliography is included.

The authors have spent several years demonstrating, lecturing and using FIA and the basic outline of their book closely follows the schedule of the FIA workshops they have taught. It will be an invaluable tool for all chemists who perform analyses on a routine basis.

Introduction
Modernization of sample/solution handling techniques
Automated analysis in general (where, when, and why)
Comparison of FIA versus HPLC, segmented continuous flow analyzers and robotics
Objectives
FIA Principles and Theories
Batch methods
Segmented continuous flow analysis
Discrete analyzers
FIA
Controllable sample dispersion
Factors affecting controllable sample dispersion
Relationship between manifold design and chemistry
The gradient
Components of FIA
Means for treatment and storage of solutions
Connection tubes
Liquid delivery units (pumps)
Pump tubes (for peristaltic pumps)
Injectors
Manifolds: for general purpose use; for mixing; for dilution; for gas diffusion; for dialysis; for liquid-liquid extraction
Column reactors
Other components
Commercially available flow injection analyzers
Detectors in FIA
Detector requirements for FIA in comparison with HPLC
Peak height versus peak area
Spectrophotometry (UV and visible)
Luminescent detection
Atomic spectroscopy
Electrochemical detection
Other detectors
Modes of Operation
Basic modes
Special modes: one pump; two pumps
Dilution modes
Reverse flow, FIA
Selectivity Enhancement, Matrix Modification and Conversion Techniques
Liquid-liquid extraction
Gas diffusion
Dialysis
Packed-bed reactors
Utilization of the Concentration Gradient
FIA titrations
Gradient dilution
Stopped-flow
Gradient techniques based on penetrating zones (chasing zones)
Developing an FIA Method
Check list for method development
How to use the check list for method development: an example
Faultfinding during method development
Water, Agriculture, Soil and Environment
Why FIA, when FIA for these samples
Phosphate (orthophosphate, phosphorus)
Nitrate (total nitrogen)
Ammonia (ammonia nitrogen, ammonium)
Residual ozone
Sulfate
Alkalinity
Fluoride
Heavy metals
Cyanide
Pharmaceutical, Clinical, Biotechnology
Determination of: codeine in pharmaceutical preparations
Lowry protein
Creatinine
Lactate
Isoprenaline
Penicillins
Drugs with phenolic structure using the 4-aminoantipyrine method
Food and Feed
Determination of starch in food and feed products
Determination of caffeine in coffee and tea
Oxidized ketone bodies in milk
Sulfite and sulfur dioxide in beverages
Determination of potassium bromate in flour
Selenium in biological material
Process and Quality Control
FIA components in process control
Operational FIA modes in process control
Determination of cyanide
Nonaqueous process control FIA
Determination of bases. (All chapters have an Introduction and References section)
Appendix A
Bibliography
Subject Index
Species determined by FIA
Areas of application
Spectrometric detectors
Electrochemical techniques
Methods based on enzyme and/or immunoassay techniques
Gradient and matrix modification techniques
Miscellaneous keywords
Bibliography
References
Index
Table of Contents provided by Publisher. All Rights Reserved.

Supplemental Materials

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