Biological Psychology With Infotrac: KALAT;A/: 9780534588168: Book: : eCampus.com

This #1 best-seller has successfully introduced thousands of students to the intricate relationship between biology and psychology. This Eighth Edition redefines the high standard set by previous editions. It offers the best balance of rigor and accessibility, the most current research, and the most thorough technology integration available for your course--all presented within a unique modular format that supports student mastery and provides instructors with maximum teaching flexibility. In every chapter, Kalat accurately portrays biopsychology as a dynamic and empirical field in which fascinating new discoveries are constantly being made. He captures readers' interest with the latest biological psychology findings, such as how gingko biloba claims to aid memory and coverage of the hypothesis that humans' mate choice patterns are influenced by natural selection. Throughout, the author's goal is not only to convey information, but also to convey his excitement about and dedication to the subject.

The Major Issues

(28)

The Mind-Brain Relationship

(7)

Biological Explanations of Behavior

(2)

The Brain and Conscious Experience

(2)

In Closing: Your Brain and Your Experience

(1)

Summary

(1)

Answers to Stop and Check Questions

(1)

Thought Questions

(1)

Author's Answer About Machine Consciousness

(1)

The Genetics of Behavior

(11)

Mendelian Genetics

(1)

Chromosomes and Crossing Over

(1)

Sex-Linked and Sex-Limited Genes

(1)

Sources of Variation

(1)

Heritability

(1)

Ways of Measuring Human Heritability

(1)

Overestimating Heritability

(1)

Environmental Modification of Heritable Behaviors

(1)

How Genes Affect Behavior

(1)

The Evolution of Behavior

(1)

Common Misunderstandings About Evolution

(2)

Sociobiology

(2)

In Closing: Genes and Behavior

(1)

Summary

(1)

Answers to Stop and Check Questions

(1)

Thought Question

(1)

The Use of Animals in Research

(5)

Reasons for Animal Research

(1)

The Ethical Debate

(4)

In Closing: Humans and Other Animals

(1)

Summary

(1)

Answers to Stop and Check Questions

(1)

Prospects for Further Study

(4)

Chapter Ending Key Terms and Activities

(1)

Terms

(1)

Suggestions for Further Reading

(1)

Web Sites to Explore

(1)

CD-Rom: Exploring Biological Psychology

(2)

Nerve Cells and Nerve Impulses

(24)

The Cells of the Nervous System

(9)

Anatomy of Neurons and Glia

(1)

Extensions and Applications

Santiago Ramon y Cajal: A Pioneer of Neuroscience

(1)

The Structures of an Animal Cell

(1)

The Structure of a Neuron

(2)

Variations Among Neurons

(1)

Glia

(1)

The Blood-Brain Barrier

(1)

Why We Need a Blood-Brain Barrier

(1)

How the Blood-Brain Barrier Works

(1)

The Nourishment of Vertebrate Neurons

(1)

In Closing: Neurons

(1)

Summary

(1)

Answers to Stop and Check Questions

(1)

The Nerve Impulse

(14)

The Resting Potential of the Neuron

(1)

Forces Acting on Sodium and Potassium Ions

(1)

Why a Resting Potential?

(1)

The Action Potential

(1)

The Molecular Basis of the Action Potential

(1)

The All-or-None Law

(1)

The Refractory Period

(1)

Propagation of the Action Potential

(1)

The Myelin Sheath and Saltatory Conduction

(2)

Local Neurons

(1)

Graded Potentials

(1)

Extensions and Applications

Small Neurons and Big Misconceptions

(1)

In Closing: Neural Messages

(1)

Summary

(1)

Answers to Stop and Check Questions

(1)

Thought Questions

(1)

Chapter Ending Key Terms and Activities

(1)

Terms

(1)

Suggestions for Further Reading

(1)

Web Sites to Explore

(1)

CD-Rom: Exploring Biological Psychology

(2)

Communication at Synapses

(20)

The Concept of the Synapse

(6)

The Properties of Synapses

(1)

Speed of a Reflex and Delayed Transmission at the Synapse

(1)

Temporal Summation

(1)

Spatial Summation

(1)

Inhibitory Synapses

(1)

Relationship Among EPSP, IPSP, and Action Potential

(1)

In Closing: The Neuron as Decision Maker

(1)

Summary

(1)

Answers to Stop and Check Questions

(1)

Thought Questions

(1)

Chemical Events at the Synapse

(13)

The Discovery That Most Synaptic Transmission Is Chemical

(1)

The Sequence of Chemical Events at a Synapse

(1)

Types of Neurotransmitters

(1)

Synthesis of Transmitters

(1)

Transport of Transmitters

(1)

Release and Diffusion of Transmitters

(1)

Activation of Receptors of the Postsynaptic Cell

(2)

Inactivation and Reuptake of Neurotransmitters

(1)

Synapses and Drug Effects

(1)

How Drugs Affect Synapses

(1)

Synapses and Personality

(1)

In Closing: Neurotransmitters and Behavior

(1)

Summary

(1)

Answers to Stop and Check Questions

(1)

Thought Questions

(1)

Chapter Ending Key Terms and Activities

(1)

Terms

(1)

Suggestion for Further Reading

(1)

Web Sites to Explore

(1)

CD-Rom: Exploring Biological Psychology

(2)

Anatomy of the Nervous System

(34)

Research Methods

(6)

Effects of Brain Damage

(1)

Effects of Brain Stimulation

(1)

Recording Brain Activity

(1)

Correlating Brain Anatomy With Behavior

(2)

In Closing: Methods and Their Limits

(1)

Summary

(1)

Answers to Stop and Check Questions

(1)

Thought Question

(1)

Structure of the Vertebrate Nervous System

(14)

Nervous System Terminology

(2)

The Spinal Cord

(1)

The Autonomic Nervous System

(1)

Extensions and Applications

Goose Bumps

(1)

The Hindbrain

(3)

The Midbrain

(1)

The Forebrain

(1)

Thalamus

(2)

Hypothalamus

(1)

Pituitary Gland

(1)

Basal Ganglia

(1)

Basal Forebrain

(1)

Hippocampus

(1)

The Ventricles

(1)

In Closing: Learning Neuroanatomy

(1)

Summary

(1)

Answers to Stop and Check Questions

(1)

Thought Question

(1)

The Cerebral Cortex

(13)

Organization of the Cerebral Cortex

(1)

The Occipital Lobe

(1)

The Parietal Lobe

(1)

The Temporal Lobe

(1)

The Frontal Lobe

(1)

Extensions and Applications

The Rise and Fall of Prefrontal Lobotomies

(1)

Modern View of Functions of the Prefrontal Cortex

(1)

How Do the Parts Work Together?

(3)

In Closing: Functions of the Cerebral Cortex

102

(1)

Summary

102

(1)

Answers to Stop and Check Questions

103

(1)

Thought Question

103

(1)

Chapter Ending Key Terms and Activities

104

(1)

Terms

104

(1)

Suggestions for Further Reading

105

(1)

Web Sites to Explore

105

(1)

CD-Rom: Exploring Biological Psychology

105

(2)

Development and Plasticity of the Brain

107

(36)

Development of the Brain

108

(17)

Growth and Differentiation of the Vertebrate Brain

108

(1)

Growth and Development of Neurons

109

(1)

Determinants of Neuron Survival

110

(2)

MRI Scans

112

(1)

Pathfinding by Axons

112

(1)

Chemical Pathfinding by Axons

113

(2)

Competition Among Axons as a General Principle

115

(1)

Fine-Tuning by Experience

115

(1)

Effects of Experience on Dendritic Branching

115

(1)

Generation of New Neurons

116

(1)

Effects of Experience on Human Brain Structures

117

(1)

Magnetoencephalography (MEG)

117

(3)

Combinations of Chemical and Experiential Effects

120

(1)

Proportional Growth of Brain Areas

120

(2)

The Vulnerable Developing Brain

122

(1)

In Closing: Brain Development

123

(1)

Summary

123

(1)

Answers to Stop and Check Questions

124

(1)

Thought Questions

124

(1)

Plasticity After Brain Damage

125

(18)

Causes of Brain Damage

125

(1)

Extensions and Applications

The Woodpecker as Ergonomic Expert

125

(1)

Reducing the Harm From a Stroke

125

(3)

Effects of Age on Recovery

128

(1)

Mechanisms of Recovery After Brain Damage

128

(1)

Learned Adjustments in Behavior

128

(1)

Diaschisis

129

(1)

Lesions

130

(1)

The Regrowth of Axons

130

(1)

Sprouting

131

(1)

Denervation Supersensitivity

132

(1)

Autoradiography

132

(2)

Reorganized Sensory Representations and the Phantom Limb

134

(1)

Histochemistry

135

(1)

Therapies

136

(1)

Behavioral Interventions

136

(1)

Drugs

137

(1)

Brain Grafts

138

(1)

In Closing: Brain Damage and Recovery

138

(1)

Summary

138

(1)

Answers to Stop and Check Questions

139

(1)

Thought Questions

139

(1)

Chapter Ending Key Terms and Activities

140

(1)

Terms

140

(1)

Suggestions for Further Reading

140

(1)

Web Site to Explore

141

(1)

CD-Rom: Exploring Biological Psychology

141

(2)

Vision

143

(44)

Visual Coding and the Retinal Receptors

144

(13)

General Principles of Perception

144

(1)

From Neuronal Activity to Perception

144

(1)

Law of Specific Nerve Energies

144

(2)

The Eye and Its Connections to the Brain

146

(1)

The Route Within the Retina

146

(2)

Fovea and Periphery of the Retina

148

(1)

Visual Receptors: Rods and Cones

149

(1)

Color Vision

150

(1)

The Trichromatic (Young-Helmholtz) Theory

150

(2)

The Opponent-Process Theory

152

(2)

The Retinex Theory

154

(1)

Color Vision Deficiency

155

(1)

In Closing: Visual Receptors

155

(1)

Summary

155

(1)

Answers to Stop and Check Questions

156

(1)

Thought Question

156

(1)

The Neural Basis of Visual Perception

157

(20)

An Overview of the Mammalian Visual System

157

(2)

Mechanisms of Processing in the Visual System

159

(1)

Receptive Fields

159

(1)

Lateral Inhibition

160

(2)

Concurrent Pathways in the Visual System

162

(1)

In the Retina and Lateral Geniculate

162

(1)

In the Cerebral Cortex

162

(2)

The Cerebral Cortex: The Shape Pathway

164

(1)

Microelectrode Recordings

164

(1)

Hubel and Wiesel's Cell Types in the Primary Visual Cortex

164

(2)

The Columnar Organization of the Visual Cortex

166

(1)

Are Visual Cortex Cells Feature Detectors?

167

(1)

Shape Analysis Beyond Area V1

168

(1)

Disorders of Object Recognition

169

(1)

fMRI Scans

170

(1)

The Cerebral Cortex: The Color Pathway

171

(1)

The Cerebral Cortex: The Motion and Depth Pathways

171

(1)

Structures Important for Motion Perception

172

(1)

Extensions and Applications

Suppressed Vision During Eye Movements

173

(1)

Motion Blindness

173

(1)

Visual Attention

174

(1)

The Binding Problem Revisited: Visual Consciousness

174

(1)

In Closing: Coordinating Separate Visual Pathways

175

(1)

Summary

175

(1)

Answers to Stop and Check Questions

176

(1)

Thought Question

176

(1)

Development of the Visu System

177

(10)

Infant Vision

177

(1)

Effects of Experience on Visual Development

177

(1)

Effects of Early Lack of Stimulation of One Eye

177

(1)

Effects of Early Lack of Stimulation of Both Eyes

178

(1)

Restoration of Response After Early Deprivation of Vision

179

(1)

Uncorrelated Stimulation in Both Eyes

179

(1)

Early Exposure to a Limited Array of Patterns

180

(2)

Lack of Seeing Objects in Motion

182

(1)

Effects of Blindness on the Cortex

182

(1)

In Closing: The Nature and Nurture of Vision

182

(1)

Summary

182

(1)

Answers to Stop and Check Questions

183

(1)

Thought Questions

183

(1)

Chapter Ending Key Terms and Activities

184

(1)

Terms

184

(1)

Suggestions for Further Reading

185

(1)

Web Sites to Explore

185

(1)

CD-Rom: Exploring Biological Psychology

185

(2)

The Other Sensory Systems and Attention

187

(40)

Audition

188

(9)

Sound and the Ear

188

(1)

Physical and Psychological Dimensions of Sound

188

(1)

Structures of the Ear

189

(1)

Pitch Perception

190

(1)

Frequency Theory and Place Theory

190

(1)

Pitch Perception in the Cerebral Cortex

191

(1)

Hearing Loss

192

(2)

Localization of Sounds

194

(1)

In Closing: Functions of Hearing

195

(1)

Summary

195

(1)

Answers to Stop and Check Questions

196

(1)

Thought Questions

196

(1)

The Mechanical Senses

197

(11)

Vestibular Sensation

197

(1)

Somatosensation

197

(1)

Somatosensory Receptors

197

(1)

Extensions and Applications Tickle

198

(1)

Input to the Spinal Cord and the Brain

199

(2)

Pain

201

(1)

The Neurotransmitters of Pain

201

(1)

Painful Heat

202

(2)

Pain and Emotion

204

(1)

Sensitization of Pain

204

(1)

Pain Control

205

(1)

Itch

205

(1)

In Closing: Touch, Pain, and Survival

206

(1)

Summary

206

(1)

Answers to Stop and Check Questions

206

(1)

Thought Question

207

(1)

The Chemical Senses

208

(11)

General Issues About Chemical Coding

208

(1)

Taste

209

(1)

Taste Receptors

209

(1)

How Many Kinds of Taste Receptors?

209

(1)

Extensions and Applications

Miracle Berries

209

(2)

Mechanisms of Taste Receptors

211

(1)

Taste Coding in the Brain

211

(1)

Individual Differences in Taste

212

(2)

Olfaction

214

(1)

Olfactory Receptors

214

(1)

Behavioral Methods of Identifying Olfactory Receptors

215

(1)

Biochemical Identification of Receptor Types

215

(1)

Implications for Coding

216

(1)

Vomeronasal Sensation and Pheromones

216

(1)

In Closing: Different Senses Offer Different Ways of Knowing the World

217

(1)

Summary

218

(1)

Answers to Stop and Check Questions

218

(1)

Thought Questions

218

(1)

Attention

219

(8)

Conscious and Unconscious, Attended and Unattended Experience

219

(1)

Neglect

220

(1)

Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

221

(1)

Measurements of ADHD Behavior

221

(1)

Possible Causes and Brain Differences

222

(1)

Treatments

222

(1)

In Closing: What Little We Know About Attention

223

(1)

Summary

223

(1)

Answers to Stop and Check Questions

224

(1)

Thought Question

224

(1)

Chapter Ending Key Terms and Activities

224

(1)

Terms

224

(1)

Suggestions for Further Reading

225

(1)

Web Sites to Explore

225

(1)

CD-Rom: Exploring Biological Psychology

225

(2)

Movement

227

(34)

The Control of Movement

228

(8)

Muscles and Their Movements

228

(2)

Fast and Slow Muscles

230

(1)

Muscle Control by Proprioceptors

231

(1)

Units of Movement

232

(1)

Voluntary and Involuntary Movements

232

(1)

Extensions and Applications

Infant Reflexes

233

(1)

Movements With Different Sensitivity to Feedback

234

(1)

Sequences of Behaviors

234

(1)

In Closing: Categories of Movement

235

(1)

Summary

235

(1)

Answers to Stop and Check Questions

235

(1)

Thought Question

235

(1)

Brain Mechanisms of Movement

236

(13)

The Role of the Cerebral Cortex

237

(2)

Areas Near the Primary Motor Cortex

239

(1)

Connections From the Brain to the Spinal Cord

239

(3)

The Role of the Cerebellum

242

(1)

Evidence of a Broad Role

243

(1)

Cellular Organization

244

(1)

The Role of the Basal Ganglia

245

(2)

PET Scans

247

(1)

In Closing: Movement Control and Cognition

247

(1)

Summary

248

(1)

Answers to Stop and Check Questions

248

(1)

Thought Question

248

(1)

Disorders of Movement

249

(12)

Parkinson's Disease

249

(1)

Possible Causes

249

(3)

L-Dopa Treatment

252

(1)

Therapies Other Than L-Dopa

252

(2)

Huntington's Disease

254

(1)

Heredity and Presymptomatic Testing

254

(1)

In Closing: Heredity and Environment in Movement Disorders

255

(1)

Summary

256

(1)

Answers to Stop and Check Questions

257

(1)

Thought Questions

257

(1)

Chapter Ending Key Terms and Activities

258

(1)

Terms

258

(1)

Suggestions for Further Reading

258

(1)

Web Sites to Explore

259

(1)

CD-Rom: Exploring Biological Psychology

259

(2)

Wakefulness and Sleep

261

(32)

Rhythms of Waking and Sleeping

262

(9)

Endogenous Cycles

262

(1)

Duration of the Human Circadian Rhythm

263

(1)

Mechanisms of the Biological Clock

263

(1)

The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)

264

(1)

The Biochemistry of the Circadian Rhythm

265

(1)

Melatonin

265

(2)

Setting and Resetting the Biological Clock

267

(1)

Jet Lag

267

(1)

Shift Work

268

(1)

How Light Resets the SCN

268

(1)

In Closing: Sleep--Wake Cycles

269

(1)

Summary

269

(1)

Answers to Stop and Check Questions

269

(1)

Thought Questions

270

(1)

Stages of Sleep and Brain Mechanisms

271

(13)

The Stages of Sleep

271

(1)

Electroencephalography (EEG)

271

(2)

Paradoxical or REM Sleep

273

(1)

Brain Mechanisms of Wakefulness and Arousal

274

(1)

Arousal

274

(1)

Getting to Sleep

275

(3)

Brain Function in REM Sleep

278

(1)

Abnormalities of Sleep

279

(1)

Insomnia

279

(1)

Sleep Apnea

280

(1)

Narcolepsy

280

(1)

Periodic Limb Movement Disorder

281

(1)

REM Behavior Disorder

281

(1)

Night Terrors, Sleep Talking, and Sleepwalking

282

(1)

In Closing: Stages of Sleep

282

(1)

Summary

282

(1)

Answers to Stop and Check Questions

283

(1)

Thought Question

283

(1)

Why Sleep? Why REM? Why Dreams?

284

(9)

The Functions of Sleep

284

(1)

The Repair and Restoration Theory

284

(1)

The Evolutionary Theory

284

(1)

Extensions and Applications

Hibernation

285

(1)

The Functions of REM Sleep

285

(1)

Individual and Species Differences

285

(1)

The Effects of REM Sleep Deprivation

286

(1)

Hypotheses

287

(1)

Biological Perspectives on Dreaming

288

(1)

The Activation-Synthesis Hypothesis

288

(1)

The Clinico-Anatomical Hypothesis

288

(1)

In Closing: Our Limited Self-Understanding

289

(1)

Summary

289

(1)

Answers to Stop and Check Questions

289

(1)

Thought Question

290

(1)

Chapter Ending Key Terms and Activities

290

(1)

Terms

290

(1)

Suggestions for Further Reading

291

(1)

Web Sites to Explore

291

(1)

CD-Rom: Exploring Biological Psychology

291

(2)

Internal Regulation

293

(30)

Temperature Regulation

294

(6)

Homeostasis

294

(1)

Controlling Body Temperature

295

(1)

Extensions and Applications

Surviving in Extreme Cold

295

(1)

The Advantages of Constant High Body Temperature

295

(2)

Physiological Mechanisms

297

(1)

Behavioral Mechanisms

298

(1)

Fever

298

(1)

In Closing: Temperature and Behavior

299

(1)

Summary

299

(1)

Answers to Stop and Check Questions

299

(1)

Thought Question

299

(1)

Thirst

300

(5)

Mechanisms of Water Regulation

300

(1)

Osmotic Thirst

300

(2)

Hypovolemic Thirst

302

(1)

Mechanisms

302

(1)

In Closing: The Psychology and Biology of Thirst

303

(1)

Summary

303

(1)

Answers to Stop and Check Questions

304

(1)

Thought Questions

304

(1)

Hunger

305

(18)

How the Digestive System Influences Food Selection

305

(1)

Enzymes and Consumption of Dairy Products

306

(1)

Other Influences on Food Selection

306

(1)

How Taste and Digestion Control Hunger and Satiety

307

(1)

Oral Factors

307

(1)

The Stomach and Intestines

308

(1)

Glucose, Insulin, and Glucagon

309

(1)

The Hypothalamus and Feeding Regulation

310

(1)

The Lateral Hypothalamus

310

(2)

Medial Areas of the Hypothalamus

312

(2)

Satiety Chemicals and Eating Disorders

314

(1)

Leptin

315

(1)

Neuropeptide Y

316

(1)

Other Neuromodulators and Hormones

316

(1)

Microdialysis

317

(1)

Genetics and Human Body Weight

318

(1)

Weight-Loss Techniques

318

(1)

Anorexia and Bulimia

319

(1)

In Closing: The Multiple Controls of Hunger

319

(1)