Brief Guide to Writing from Readings, A

by Wilhoit, Stephen

• ISBN13: 9780321435088
• ISBN10: 0321435087
• Edition: 4th
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2007-01-01
• Publisher: Longman

Summary

Teaches how to write common papers. MLA, APA, and CBE documentation styles; Argument coverage, including Toulmin; Argument Synthesis; Rhetorical Analysis. General Interest, Writing

Table of Contents

Preface	xiii
Chapter 1 CRITICAL READING	1	(28)
Definition and Purpose	1	(2)
Asking Questions about What You Read	3	(8)
Questions to Ask Before You Begin a Close Reading of a Text	4	(3)
Questions to Ask While You Read and Reread Material	7	(4)
Marking Texts	11	(4)
Highlighting Texts	11	(1)
Annotating Texts	12	(3)
Sample Annotated Reading: "Hard Choices" by Patrick Moore	15	(4)
Note Taking	19	(1)
Additional Reading: "Getting Serious about Eradicating Binge Drinking" by Henry Wechsler	20	(5)
Summary Chart—Critical Reading: Asking Questions	25	(2)
Summary Chart—Critical Reading: Marking Texts	27	(1)
Summary Chart—Critical Reading: Note Taking	28	(1)
Chapter 2 JOURNALS	29	(10)
Definition	29	(1)
Purpose	30	(2)
Types of Entries	32	(3)
Summaries	32	(1)
Analyses	32	(1)
Responses	32	(1)
Reflections	33	(1)
Questions	33	(1)
Critiques	33	(1)
Syntheses	33	(1)
Applications	33	(1)
Refutations	34	(1)
Outlines	34	(1)
Drafts	34	(1)
Personal Experience	34	(1)
Self-Reflection	35	(1)
Creative Writing	35	(1)
Drawings	35	(1)
Language and Format	35	(2)
Language	36	(1)
Format	36	(1)
Final Considerations	37	(2)
Chapter 3 QUOTATION	39	(18)
Definition and Purpose	39	(1)
Guidelines on When to Quote Material	40	(2)
Quote Passages When the Author Has Written Something in a Distinctive or Especially Insightful or Interesting Way	40	(1)
Quote Material That Lends Support to a Position You Are Trying to Make in Your Paper	40	(1)
Quote Authorities Who Disagree with a Position You Are Advocating or Who Offer Alternative Explanations or Contradictory Data	41	(1)
Guidelines on When Not to Quote Material	42	(1)
Do Not Quote Passages Merely to Fill Space	42	(1)
Do Not Quote Passages as a Substitute for Thinking	42	(1)
Do Not Quote Passages Because You Do Not Understand the Author's Ideas Well Enough to Paraphrase Them	43	(1)
Integrating Quotations into Your Writing	43	(1)
Two Basic Types of Quotations	43	(1)
Reading: "Missing Link"	44	(7)
The Block Quotation	46	(3)
The Integrated Quotation	49	(2)
Altering Quoted Material and Avoiding Misquotations	51	(3)
Summary Chart: Guidelines on Quotations	54	(1)
Summary Chart: Integrating Quotations into Your Writing	55	(2)
Chapter 4 PARAPHRASE	57	(12)
Definition and Purpose	57	(1)
Qualities of a Good Paraphrase	58	(2)
Thorough	58	(1)
Accurate	58	(1)
Fair	59	(1)
Objective	59	(1)
How to Paraphrase Material	60	(5)
Changing Words	60	(2)
Changing Sentence Structure	62	(1)
Combining Sentences	63	(1)
"Unpacking" Sentences	64	(1)
Documentation	65	(1)
Summary Chart: How to Write a Paraphrase	66	(1)
Summary Chart: Qualities of a Good Paraphrase	67	(2)
Chapter 5 SUMMARY	69	(14)
Definition and Purpose	69	(1)
Types of Summaries	70	(1)
Qualities of a Good Summary	71	(3)
Comprehensive	71	(1)
Brief	72	(1)
Accurate	72	(1)
Neutral	73	(1)
Independent	73	(1)
How to Summarize a Text	74	(1)
Read, Reread, and Annotate the Source Text	74	(1)
Summarize Each Section of the Source Text	74	(1)
Write Your First Draft	74	(1)
Check the Draft against the Source Text	75	(1)
Rewrite the Summary	75	(1)
Documentation	75	(1)
Sample Summaries	76	(1)
Reading: "AIDS and Population 'Control'" by Gerard Piel	76	(2)
Sample Informative Summary	78	(1)
Sample Explanatory Summary	79	(2)
Summary Chart: How to Write a Summary	81	(2)
Chapter 6 RESPONSE ESSAYS	83	(14)
Definition and Purpose	83	(1)
Qualities of a Good Response Essay	84	(2)
Honest	84	(1)
Informed	84	(1)
Clear	85	(1)
Well Supported	85	(1)
Writing the Response Essay	86	(5)
Carefully Read the Material	86	(1)
Explore Your Responses to the Reading as You Annotate the Text	86	(1)
Compose Your Rough Draft	87	(1)
Introduce Your Topic, Source Text, and Thesis	88	(1)
Write Your Conclusion	89	(1)
Revise Your Rough Draft	89	(2)
Sample Response Essay: A Response to "AIDS and Population 'Control'"	91	(1)
Sample Essay 1	91	(1)
Sample Essay 2	92	(3)
Summary Chart: How to Write a Response Essay	95	(2)
Chapter 7 CRITIQUE	97	(32)
Definition and Purpose	97	(1)
The Film Review as Critique	98	(3)
Writing a Critique	101	(12)
Step 1 Carefully Read and Annotate the Source Text	101	(1)
Step 2 Analyze and Evaluate the Reading	102	(7)
Step 3 Write Your Thesis and Decide Which Aspects of the Reading Will Be the Focus of Your Essay	109	(1)
Step 4 Write Your Rough Draft	110	(2)
Step 5 Rewrite Your Critique	112	(1)
Reading: "Clear Message to Teens: 'It's OK to Have Sex'" by Joan Beck	113	(2)
Sample Critique: "Beck's Essay Not Convincing"	115	(2)
Additional Reading: "Condom Availability Promotes Health, Saves Lives" by Margaret Pruitt Clark	117	(4)
Additional Reading: "Apply Peer Pressure, Not Latex, against Casual Sex" by Edwin J. Delattre	121	(6)
Summary Chart: Writing a Critique	127	(2)
Chapter 8 RHETORICAL ANALYSIS	129	(20)
Definition and Purpose	129	(1)
The Rhetorical Situation	130	(2)
Elements of the Rhetorical Situation	131	(1)
Rhetorical Strategies	132	(5)
Content	133	(3)
Structure	136	(1)
Style	136	(1)
Analyzing a Text's Rhetorical Strategies—An Example	137	(3)
Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address	137	(1)
A Rhetorical Analysis of Lincoln's Speech	138	(2)
Writing a Rhetorical Analysis Essay	140	(4)
Step 1 Carefully Read the Assignment	140	(1)
Step 2 Establish the Source Text's Rhetorical Situation	140	(1)
Step 3 Determine the Author's Goal	140	(1)
Step 4 Identify and Evaluate the Source Text's Rhetorical Strategies	141	(1)
Step 5 Determine Your Thesis	141	(1)
Step 6 Write Your Rough Draft	142	(1)
Step 7 Revise Your Essay	143	(1)
Sample Rhetorical Analysis Essay	144	(3)
Rhetorical Analysis of Lincoln's Second Inaugural Address	145	(2)
Summary Chart: How to Write a Rhetorical Analysis Essay	147	(2)
Chapter 9 INFORMATIVE SYNTHESIS	149	(18)
Definition and Purpose	149	(1)
Types of Synthesis Essays	150	(1)
Reading: "The Fool on the Hill" by Brian D. Johnson	150	(1)
Reading: "Forrest Gump" by David Ansen	151	(2)
Reading: "Forrest Gump" by Peter Travers	153	(1)
Informative Synthesis	154	(7)
Definition	154	(1)
Writing an Informative Synthesis	155	(6)
Sample Informative Synthesis	161	(3)
Summary Chart: Informative Synthesis	164	(3)
Chapter 10 ARGUMENTATIVE SYNTHESIS	167	(44)
Definition	167	(1)
The Elements of Argument	168	(6)
Claims	168	(1)
Grounds	169	(3)
Warrants	172	(2)
Argument and Persuasion	174	(3)
Appeals Based on Reason	174	(1)
Appeals Based on Emotion	175	(1)
Appeals Based on Character and Credibility	176	(1)
Writing an Argumentative Synthesis	177	(7)
Analyze the Assignment	177	(1)
Annotate and Critique the Readings	178	(1)
Formulate a Thesis	179	(1)
Choose an Organizational Plan	180	(3)
Write Your Rough Draft	183	(1)
Revise Your Draft	183	(1)
Check Quotations and Documentation	184	(1)
Sample Argumentative Synthesis	184	(5)
Sample Argumentative Synthesis (Focusing on the Quality of the Readings)	184	(2)
Sample Argumentative Synthesis (Focusing on the Topic of the Readings)	186	(3)
Additional Reading: "College Prep: Adapting to College Life in an Era of Heightened Stress" by Glenn C. Altschuler	189	(3)
Additional Reading: "More in College Seek Help for Psychological Problems" by Erica Goode	192	(2)
Additional Reading: "Complex Set of Ills Spurs Rising Teen Suicide Rate" by Jessica Portner	194	(8)
Additional Reading: "Suicide and Depression Among College Students: A Decade Later" by Susan R. Furr, John S. Westefeld, Gaye N. McConnell, and J. Marshall Jenkins	202	(7)
Summary Chart: Writing an Argumentative Synthesis Essay	209	(2)
Chapter 11 PLAGIARISM	211	(8)
Definition	211	(1)
Forms of Plagiarism	211	(3)
Purchasing a Paper	212	(1)
Turning in a Paper Someone Else Has Written for You	212	(1)
Turning in Another Student's Work without That Student's Knowledge	212	(1)
Improper Collaboration	212	(1)
Copying a Paper from a Source Text without Proper Acknowledgment	213	(1)
Copying Material from a Source Text, Supplying Proper Documentation, but Leaving Out Quotation Marks	213	(1)
Paraphrasing Material from a Reading without Proper Documentation	213	(1)
How to Avoid Plagiarism	214	(3)
Do Your Own Work	214	(1)
Take Good Notes	214	(1)
Paraphrase Properly	215	(1)
Supply Proper Documentation	215	(1)
Clarify Collaboration Guidelines	215	(2)
Summary Chart: Plagiarism	217	(2)
Chapter 12 DOCUMENTATION	219	(18)
Definition and Purpose	219	(1)
Types of Documentation	219	(1)
Primary Academic Style Manuals	220	(1)
APA Guidelines	221	(5)
In-Text Documentation	221	(4)
Footnotes and Endnotes	225	(1)
CSE Guidelines	226	(5)
In-Text Documentation	226	(5)
Footnotes and Endnotes	231	(1)
MLA Guidelines	231	(6)
In-Text Documentation	231	(4)
Footnotes and Endnotes	235	(2)
Chapter 13 REFERENCE LISTS AND WORKS CITED ENTRIES	237	(42)
Definition and Purpose	237	(1)
APA Format	238	(12)
Sample Reference List Entries	238	(8)
Sample APA-Style Reference List	246	(4)
CSE Format	250	(17)
Sample Reference List Entries	250	(13)
Sample CSE-Style Reference Lists	263	(4)
MLA Format	267	(12)
Sample Works Cited Entries	267	(5)
Electronic Sources of Information	272	(2)
Sample MLA-Style Works Cited List	274	(5)
Chapter 14 TIMED WRITING ASSIGNMENTS	279	(14)
Definition	279	(1)
A Range of Timed Writing Assignments, Purposes, and Conditions	280	(2)
Common Timed Writing Tasks	280	(1)
Rhetorical Aims	281	(1)
Access to Source Material	282	(1)
Access to Possible Assignments	282	(1)
Qualities of a Good Timed Essay	282	(2)
Appropriate	283	(1)
Concise	283	(1)
Supported	283	(1)
Organized	284	(1)
Clear and Correct	284	(1)
Writing Timed Assignments	284	(5)
Prepare for the Assignment Outside of Class	284	(2)
Read and Analyze the Assignment or Test Question	286	(1)
Plan Your Essay or Answer	286	(1)
Draft Your Essay or Answer	287	(1)
Revise Your Essay or Answer	288	(1)
Proofread Your Essay or Answer	288	(1)
Final Thoughts	289	(1)
Summary Chart: How to Write Timed Essays	290	(3)
Appendix 1 REVISION CHECKLISTS	293	(9)
Quotation Checklist	293	(1)
Paraphrase Checklist	294	(1)
Summary Checklist	295	(1)
Response Essay Checklist	296	(1)
Critique Checklist	297	(1)
Rhetorical Analysis Checklist	298	(1)
Informative Synthesis Checklist	299	(1)
Argumentative Synthesis Checklist	300	(1)
Plagiarism Checklist	301	(1)
Appendix 2 PEER REVIEW GUIDELINES	302	(3)
Appendix 3 REVISION GUIDELINES	305	(4)
Index	309	(6)
Credits	315