Cancer Genome and Tumor Microenvironment

by Thomas-tikhonenko, Andrei

• ISBN13: 9781441907103
• ISBN10: 1441907106
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2009-12-07
• Publisher: Springer Verlag

Summary

Oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes had been traditionally studied in the context of cell proliferation, differentiation, senescence, and survival, four relatively cell-autonomous processes. Consequently, in the late ’80s-early ’90s, neoplastic growth was described largely as an imbalance between net cell accumulation and loss, brought about through mutations in cancer genes. In the last ten years, a more holistic understanding of cancer has slowly emerged, stressing the importance of interactions between neoplastic and various stromal components: extracellular matrix, basement membranes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells of blood and lymphatic vessels, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, etc. The commonly held view is that changes in tumor microenvironment are soft-wired”, i.e., epigenetic in nature and often reversible. Yet, there exists a large body of evidence suggesting that well-known mutations in cancer genes profoundly affect tumor milieu. In fact, these non-cell-autonomous changes might be one of the primary reasons such mutations are preserved in late-stage tumors.

Table of Contents

Opening Remarks
Hardwiring Tumor Progression	p. 3
Breaking Away: Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition
PI3K/AKT Pathway and the Epithelial-Mesenehymal Transition	p. 11
Loss of Cadherin-Catenin Adhesion System in Invasive Cancer Cells	p. 33
Rho GTPases in Regulation of Cancer Cell Motility, Invasion, and Microenvironment	p. 67
Merlin/NF2 Tumor Suppressor and Ezrin-Radixin-Moesin (ERM) Proteins in Cancer Development and Progression	p. 93
Coming Up for Air: Hypoxia and Angiogenesis
von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor, Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1, and Tumor Vascularization	p. 119
RAS Oncogenes and Tumor-Vascular Interface	p. 133
Myc and Control of Tumor Neovascularization	p. 167
p53 and Angiogenesis	p. 189
Ink4a Locus: Beyond Cell Cycle	p. 217
Gaining New Ground: Metastasis and Stromal Cell Interactions
Nm23 as a Metastasis Inhibitor	p. 233
HGF/c-MET Signaling in Advanced Cancers	p. 273
Contribution of ADAMs and ADAMTSs to Tumor Expansion and Metastasis	p. 293
Stromal Cells and Tumor Milieu: PDGF et al	p. 315
TGF-ß Signaling Alterations in Neoplastic and Stromal Cells	p. 335
Getting Attention: Immune Recognition and Inflammation
Genetic Instability and Chronic Inflammation in Gastrointestinal Cancers	p. 351
Immunoglobulin Gene Rearrangements, Oncogenic Translocations, B-Cell Receptor Signaling, and B Lymphomagenesis	p. 399
Modulation of Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive Hematological Malignancies by the Bone Marrow Microenvironment	p. 427
Putting It All Together
Melanoma: Mutations in Multiple Pathways at the Tumor-Stroma Interface	p. 455
Cooperation and Cancer	p. 471
Index	p. 487
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