Carbon Nanotubes Basic Concepts and Physical Properties

by Reich, Stephanie; Thomsen, Christian; Maultzsch, Janina

• ISBN13: 9783527403868
• ISBN10: 3527403868
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2004-03-12
• Publisher: Wiley-VCH

Summary

Carbon nanotubes are exceptionally interesting from a fundamental research point of view. Many concepts of one-dimensional physics have been verified experimentally such as electron and phonon confinement or the one-dimensional singularities in the density of states; other 1D signatures are still under debate, such as Luttinger-liquid behavior. Carbon nanotubes are chemically stable, mechanically very strong, and conduct electricity. For this reason, they open up new perspectives for various applications, such as nano-transistors in circuits, field-emission displays, artificial muscles, or added reinforcements in alloys. This text is an introduction to the physical concepts needed for investigating carbon nanotubes and other one-dimensional solid-state systems. Written for a wide scientific readership, each chapter consists of an instructive approach to the topic and sustainable ideas for solutions. The former is generally comprehensible for physicists and chemists, while the latter enable the reader to work towards the state of the art in that area. The book gives for the first time a combined theoretical and experimental description of topics like luminescence of carbon nanotubes, Raman scattering, or transport measurements. The theoretical concepts discussed range from the tight-binding approximation, which can be followed by pencil and paper, to first-principles simulations. We emphasize a comprehensive theoretical and experimental understanding of carbon nanotubes including - general concepts for one-dimensional systems - an introduction to the symmetry of nanotubes - textbook models of nanotubes as narrow cylinders - a combination of ab-initio calculations and experiments - luminescence excitation spectroscopy linked to Raman spectroscopy - an introduction to the 1D-transport properties of nanotubes - effects of bundling on the electronic and vibrational properties and - resonance Raman scattering in nanotubes.

Author Biography

<b>Stephanie Reich</b> graduated in 2001 from the Technische Universit&#228;t Berlin, Germany, and, after a year at the Institut de Ci&#233;ncia de Materials de Barcelona, Spain, she is now an Oppenheimer Fellow at the University of Cambridge, UK. Her scientific focus is combining experimental and ab-initio techniques in nanotube research. <p> <b>Christian Thomsen</b> researches and teaches as professor of physics at the Technische Universit&#228;t Berlin. His work concentrates on the physical properties of solid-state systems investigated with optical spectroscopy. <p> <b>Janina Maultzsch</b> is in the final state of completing her doctoral thesis at the Technische Universit&#228;t Berlin. Her main scientific interests are the symmetry properties of one-dimensional systems and resonant Raman processes in nanotubes.

Table of Contents

1. INTRODUCTION

2. STRUCTURE & SYMMETRY

relating nanotubes and graphene: achiral and chiral nanotubes

bundled nanotubes

line and point groups of nanotubes

projector techniques: graphical version and modified group projectors

3. ELECTRONIC PROPERTIES

graphite and graphene

achiral, chiral nanotubes and nanotube bundles: theory & experiment

experiments: STM, EELS, transport (?)

theory: zone-folding, ab initio calculations

defects, bents, junctions

4. OPTICAL PROPERTIES

selection rules (symmetry)

calculations: achiral and chiral tubes; graphite

experiments: absorption, resonant Raman, reflectivity

5. ELASTIC PROPERTIES

continuum model, ab initio

Young¦s modulus, high-pressure Raman and x-ray experiments

6. VIBRATIONAL PROPERTIES

eigenvectors and eigenfrequencies: symmetry, force-constants and ab initio calculations

(both achiral and chiral nanotubes), bundles

optical modes: Raman scattering, infrared spectroscopy

acoustic modes: Cv measurements vibrating reed

radial breathing mode (including the single tubes experiments and bundle calculations)

7. DOUBLE RESONANCES IN RAMAN SCATTERING

Raman and resonances (introduction)

D-mode in graphite and double resonant scattering

Interpretation of the Raman spectra of nanotubes: double resonant scatterin