The Cardiovascular System

by Rogers, Kara

• ISBN13: 9781615301287
• ISBN10: 1615301283
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2010-08-15
• Publisher: Britannica Educational Pub

Summary

Though only about the size of a clenched fist, the human heart bears the immense burden of sustaining human life and activity. Functioning to circulate blood throughout the body, the heart is an organ on which all others intimately depend. This volume relates the anatomy of the heart and the effects of the diseases to which it is sometimes prone. Annotated diagrams and illustrations bolster the narrative and highlight significant aspects of cardiology and the incredible cardiovascular system.

Table of Contents

Introduction	p. 12
The Human Heart	p. 21
Origin and Development	p. 24
Pericardium	p. 26
External Surface of the Heart	p. 27
Chambers of the Heart	p. 28
Atria	p. 29
Ventricles	p. 29
Valves of the Heart	p. 30
The Heart Wall	p. 32
Blood Supply to the Heart	p. 34
Heartbeat	p. 36
The Conduction System	p. 37
Nervous Control of the Heart	p. 40
Cardiac Output	p. 40
Systole and Diastole	p. 41
Heart Sounds and Murmurs	p. 42
The Blood Vessels	p. 44
Arteries	p. 45
The Aorta and Its Principal Branches	p. 48
Renal Artery	p. 51
The Pulse	p. 53
Veins	p. 54
Venae Cavae	p. 57
Portal System	p. 61
Venous Pulmonary System	p. 63
Capillaries	p. 63
Pulmonary Circulation	p. 65
Systemic Circulation	p. 67
Human Fetal Circulation	p. 67
Angiogenesis	p. 68
Congenital Heart Disease	p. 70
Causes and Diagnosis of Congenital Heart Disease	p. 71
Types of Congenital Heart Diseases	p. 73
Abnormalities of Individual Heart Chambers	p. 74
Abnormalities of the Atrial Septum	p. 75
Abnormalities of the Ventricular Septum	p. 76
Abnormal Origins of the Great Arteries	p. 78
Abnormalities of the Valves	p. 79
Abnormalities of the Myocardium and Endocardium	p. 79
Abnormalities of the Coronary Arteries	p. 80
Abnormalities of the Aorta	p. 80
Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return	p. 83
Anomalies of the Venae Cavae	p. 83
Repair of Congenital Cardiac Defects	p. 84
Acquired Heart Disease	p. 87
Coronary Artery Disease	p. 87
Coronary Heart Disease	p. 89
Epidemiology	p. 90
Risk Factors	p. 91
Angina Pectoris	p. 91
Heart Attack	p. 94
Survival During and After a Heart Attack	p. 99
Sudden Death	p. 100
Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease	p. 101
Diseases of the Pulmonary Artery and Aorta	p. 102
Rheumatic Heart Disease	p. 102
Pulmonary Heart Disease (Cor Pulmonale)	p. 105
Other Diseases of the Pulmonary Artery and Aorta	p. 107
Diseases of Heart Tissues, Disturbances in Cardiac Rhythm, and Heart Failure	p. 112
Diseases of Heart Tissues	p. 112
Diseases of the Endocardium and Valves	p. 113
Diseases of the Myocardium	p. 118
Diseases of the Pericardium	p. 122
Disturbances in Cardiac Rhythm and Conduction	p. 123
Determinants of Cardiac Rhythm	p. 125
Premature Contractions	p. 128
Arrhythmia	p. 128
Heart Failure	p. 139
Congestive Heart Failure	p. 140
Ventricular Dysfunction in Heart Failure	p. 141
Treatment of Heart Failure	p. 145
Diseases of the Blood Vessels	p. 150
Diseases of the Arteries	p. 150
Atherosclerosis	p. 151
Thrombosis	p. 162
Embolism	p. 163
Stroke	p. 165
Arteritis	p. 168
Arteriovenous Fistula	p. 170
Raynaud Syndrome	p. 171
Acrocyanosis	p. 172
Erythromelalgia	p. 173
Aortic Arch Syndrome	p. 173
Other Injuries to Arteries	p. 174
Diseases of the Veins	p. 175
Thrombophlebitis	p. 175
Varicose Veins	p. 176
Hemorrhoids	p. 178
Venospasm	p. 178
Diseases of the Capillaries	p. 179
Angioma	p. 180
Hemodynamic Disorders and Shock	p. 181
Hemodynamic Disorders	p. 181
Hypertension	p. 182
Hypotension	p. 186
Bainbridge Reflex	p. 187
Syncope	p. 188
Physiological Shock	p. 190
Shock Due to Inadequate Blood Volume	p. 192
Shock Due to Inadequate Cardiac Output	p. 194
Bacteremic Shock	p. 194
Anaphylactic Shock	p. 196
Psychogenic Shock	p. 197
Drugs and Shock	p. 197
Neurogenic Shock	p. 198
Endocrine Causes of Shock	p. 199
Refractory and Irreversible Shock	p. 199
Approaches to Cardiovascular Evaluation and Treatment	p. 201
Modern Developments in Cardiology	p. 202
Noninvasive Evaluation Techniques	p. 204
Echocardiography	p. 204
Ballistocardiography	p. 205
Radionuclide Imaging	p. 206
Electrocardiography	p. 210
Phonocardiography	p. 212
Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging	p. 213
Invasive Evaluation Techniques	p. 214
Cardiac Catheterization	p. 214
Angiocardiography	p. 216
Angiography	p. 217
Surgical and Emergency Cardiac Treatments	p. 218
Open-Heart Surgery	p. 219
Cardiopulmonary Bypass	p. 219
Mechanical Hearts	p. 222
Valvular and Pericardial Surgeries	p. 225
Cardiac Pacemakers	p. 227
Repair of Heart Wounds	p. 228
Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery	p. 229
Angioplasty	p. 230
Heart Transplantation	p. 231
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation	p. 233
Defibrillation	p. 235
Conclusion	p. 239
Glossary	p. 240
Bibliography	p. 242
Index	p. 244
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