Century of Rickettsiology Emerging, Reemerging Rickettsioses, Molecular Diagnostics, and Emerging Veterinary Rickettsioses, Volume 1078

by Hechemy, Karim E.; Oteo, Jose A.; Raoult, Didier A.; Silverman, David J.; Blanco, Jose R.

• ISBN13: 9781573316392
• ISBN10: 1573316393
• Edition: 1st
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 2006-11-17
• Publisher: Wiley-Blackwell

Summary

The worldwide epidemiology of rickettsial diseases, including veterinary rickettsiology, is the focus of this volume, which is the second volume resulting from the 4th International Conference on Rickettsiae and Rickettsial Diseases.The heterogeneity of clinical presentations of rickettsial diseases is greater than had previously been appreciated, and atypical and previously unseen presentations are discussed here along with chapters on known vectors and vectors previously not known to transmit a given rickettsial species.This volume and volume 1063, New Insights into Rickettsioses, complete the picture presented at the conference of the wide range of work that is being carried out in rickettsiology worldwide.NOTE: Annals volumes are available for sale as individual books or as a journal. For information on institutional journal subscriptions, please visit www.blackwellpublishing.com/nyas.ACADEMY MEMBERS: Please contact the New York Academy of Sciences directly to place your order (www.nyas.org). Members of the New York Academy of Science receive full-text access to the Annals online and discounts on print volumes. Please visit www.nyas.org/membership/main.asp for more information about becoming a member.

Author Biography

Karim E. Hechemy is the editor of Century of Rickettsiology: Emerging, Reemerging Rickettsioses, Molecular Diagnostics, and Emerging Veterinary Rickettsioses, Volume 1078, published by Wiley. Jose A. Oteo is the editor of Century of Rickettsiology: Emerging, Reemerging Rickettsioses, Molecular Diagnostics, and Emerging Veterinary Rickettsioses, Volume 1078, published by Wiley.

Table of Contents

A Century of Rickettsiology: Emerging, Reemerging Rickettsioses, Clinical, Epidemiologic, and Molecular Diagnostic Aspects and Emerging Veterinary Rickettsioses: An Overview.
By KARIM E. HECHEMY, JOSÉ A. OTEO, DIDIER RAOULT, DAVID J. SILVERMAN, AND JOSÉ RAMÓN BLANCO	1	(14)
Insights into Mechanisms of Bacterial Antigenic Variation Derived from the Complete Genome Sequence of Anaplasma marginale.
By GUY H. PALMER, JAMES E. FUTSE, DONALD P. KNOWLES, JR., AND KELLY A. BRAYTON	15	(11)
Part I. Epidemiology of Rickettsial Disease
Rickettsiosis in Europe.
By J.R. BLANCO AND J.A. OTEO	26	(8)
Epidemiology of Rickettsioses in North Africa.
By AMEL LETAIEF	34	(8)
Rickettsioses in Sub-Saharan Africa.
By PHILIPPE PAROLA	42	(6)
Rickettsial Diseases in Russia.
By IRINA V TARASEVICH AND OLEG Y. MEDIANNIKOV	48	(12)
Rickettsioses in Japan and the Far East.
By FUMIHIKO MAHARA	60	(14)
Rickettsioses in Australia.
By STEPHEN GRAVES, NATHAN UNSWORTH, AND JOHN STENOS	74	(6)
Far Eastern Tick-Borne Rickettsiosis: Identification of Two New Cases and Tick Vector.
By OLEG MEDIANNIKOV, YURI SIDELNIKOV, LEONID IVANOV, PIERRE-EDOUARD FOURNIER, IRINA TARASEVICH AND DIDIER RAOULT	80	(9)
Seroprevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum among Forestry Rangers in Northern and Northeastern Poland.
By JOANNA STANCZAK AND ANNA GRZESZCZUK	89	(3)
Seroprevalence of Human Anaplasmosis in Slovene Forestry Workers.
By TEREZA ROJKO, TINA URSIC, TATJANA AVSIC-ZUPANC, MIROSLAV PETROVEC, FRANC STRLE, AND STANKA LOTRIC-FURLAN	92	(3)
Molecular Epidemiology of Human and Bovine Anaplasmosis in Southern Europe.
By VICTORIA NARANJO, FRANCISCO RUIZ-FONS, URSULA HÖFLE, ISABEL G. FERNÁNDEZ DE MERA, DIEGO VILLANÚA, CONSUELO ALMAZÁN, ALESSANDRA TORINA, SANTO CARACAPPA, KATHERINE M. KOCAN, CHRISTIAN GORTÁZAR, AND JOSÉ DE LA FUENTE	95	(5)
Human Exposure to Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Portugal.
By A.S. SANTOS, F. BACELLAR, AND J.S. DUMLER	100	(6)
Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis in Northeastern Italy.
By ANNA BELTRAME, MAURIZIO RUSCIO, ALESSANDRA ARZESE, GIADA RORATO, CAMILLA NEGRI, ANGELA LONDERO, MASSIMO CRAPIS, LUIGIA SCUDELLER, AND PIERLUIGI VIALE	106	(4)
Human Infection with Ehrlichia Canis Accompanied by Clinical Signs in Venezuela.
By MIRIAM PEREZ, MAIRIM BODOR, CHUNBIN ZHANG, QINGMIN XIONG, AND YASUKO RIKIHISA	110	(8)
Human Monocytic Ehrlichiosis and Human Granulocytic Anaplasmosis in the United States, 2001-2002.
By LINDA J. DEMMA, R.C. HOLMAN, J.H. MCQUISTON, J.W KREBS, AND D.L. SWERDLOW	118	(2)
Anthropogenic Effects on Changing Q Fever Epidemiology in Russia.
By N.K. TOKAREVICH, O.A. FREILYKHMAN, N.M. TITOVA, I.R. ZHELTAKOVA, N.A. RIBAKOVA, AND E.V. VOROBEYCHIKOV	120	(4)
Human Coxiella burnetii Infections in Regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2002.
By ZVIZDIC ŠUKRIJA, SADETA HAMZIC, DŽEVAD CENGIC, EDINA BEŠAGIC, NIHAD FEJZIC, DARKO COBANOV, JASMINKA MAGLAJLIC, SANDRA PUVACIC, AND ZLATKO PUVACIC	124	(5)
Gipuzkoa, Basque Country, Spain (1984-2004): A Hyperendemic Area of Q Fever.
By M. MONTES, G. CILLA, D. VICENTE, V. NIETO, M. ERCIBENGOA, AND E. PEREZ-TRALLERO	129	(4)
Serotesting of Human Q Fever Distribution in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
By S. HAMZIC, E. BEŠLAGIC, AND S. ZVIZDIC	133	(4)
Ticks and Tick-Borne Rickettsiae Surveillance in Montesinho Natural Park, Portugal.
By M. SANTOS-SILVA, R. SousA, A.S. SANTOS, D. LOPES, E. QUEIJO, A. DORETA, L. VITORINO, AND F. BACELLAR	137	(6)
Current Knowledge of Rickettsial Diseases in Italy.
By LORENZO CICERONI, ANTONELLA PINTO, SIMONETTA CIARROCCHI, AND ALESSANDRA CIERVO	143	(7)
No Serological Evidence for Rickettsial Diseases among Danish Elite Orienteerers.
By PETER SCHIELLERUP, THOMAS DYHR, JEAN MARC ROLAIN, MARIANNE CHRISTENSEN, RASMUS DAMSGAARD, NIELS FISKER, NIELS FROST ANDERSEN, DIDIER RAOULT, AND KAREN A. KROGFELT	150	(4)
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever in the United States, 1997-2002.
By ALICE S. CHAPMAN, STACI M. MURPHY, LINDA J. DEMMA, ROBERT C. HOLMAN, AARON T. CURNS, JENNIFER H. MCQUISTON, JOHN W. KREBS, AND DAVID L. SWERDLOW	154	(2)
Rickettsia felis in the Americas.
By M.A.M. GALVÃO, J.E. ZAVALA-VELAZQUEZ, J.E. ZAVALA-CASTRO, C.L. MAFRA, S.B. CALIC, AND D.H. WALKER	156	(3)
Evidence of Infection in Humans with Rickettsia typhi and Rickettsia felis in Catalonia in the Northeast of Spain.
By MARIA MERCEDES NOGUERAS, NEUS CARDEÑOSA, ISABEL SANFELIU, TOMÁS MUÑOZ, BERNAT FONT, AND FERRAN SEGURA	159	(3)
Boutonneuse Fever and Climate Variability.
By RITA DE SOUSA, TERESA LUZ, PAULO PARREIRA, MARGARIDA SANTOS-SILVA, AND FATIMA BACELLAR	162	(8)
Brazilian Spotted Fever: A Case Series from an Endemic Area in Southeastern Brazil: Epidemiological Aspects.
By RODRIGO N. ANGERAMI, MARLANGELA R. RESENDE, ADRIANA F.C. FELTRIN, GIZELDA KATZ, ELVIRA M. NASCIMENTO, RAQUEL S.B. STUCCHI, AND LUIZ J. SILVA	170	(3)
Prospective Evaluation of Rickettsioses in the Trakya (European) Region of Turkey and Atypic Presentations of Rickettsia Conorii.
By FIGEN KULOGLU, JEAN MARC ROLAIN, BAYRAM AYDOSLU, FILIZ AKATA, MURAT TUGRUL, AND DIDIER RAOULT	173	(3)
Serologic Study of Rickettsioses among Acute Febrile Patients in Central Tunisia.
By N. KAABIA, J.M. ROLAIN, M. KHALIFA, E. BEN JAZIA, F. BAHRI, D. RAOULT, AND A. LETAIEF	176	(4)
Reemergence of Rickettsiosis in Oran, Algeria.
By NADJET MOUFFOK, ANWAR BENABDELLAH, HERVÉ RICHET, JEAN MARC ROLAIN, FATIHA RAZIK, DJAMILA BELAMADANI, SALIHA ABIDI, RAMDANE BELLAL, FRÉDÉRIQUE GOURIET, NORI MIDOUN, PHILIPPE BROUQUI, AND DIDIER RAOULT	180	(5)
Geoinformational Mapping of Foci of Siberian Tick-Borne Rickettsiosis in Altai Kral.
By NADEZHDA Y.U. KUREPINA, IRINA N. ROTANOVA, ANATOLY S. OBERT, AND NIKOLAI V. RUDAKOV	185	(3)
The Foci of Scrub Typhus and Strategies of Prevention in the Spring in Pingtan Island, Fujian Province.
By GUO HENGBIN, CAO MIN, TAO KAIHUA, AND TANG JIAQI	188	(9)
Detection and Identification of a Novel Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia in Western Australia.
By HELEN OWEN, NATHAN UNSWORTH, JOHN STENOS, IAN ROBERTSON, PHILLIP CLARK, AND STAN FENWICK	197	(3)
Low Incidence of Tick-Borne Rickettsiosis in a Spanish Mediterranean Area.
By ANTONIO GUERRERO, FLOR GIMENO, JAVIER COLOMINA, MERCÉ MOLINA, JOSE ANTONIO OTEO, AND MARIA CUENCA	200	(3)
Public Health Problem of Zoonoses with Emphasis on Q Fever.
By E. BEŠLAGIC, S. HAMZIC, O. BEŠLAGIC, AND Š. ZVIZDIC	203	(3)
Part II. Clinical Aspects and Diagnosis
Rickettsia slovaca Infection: DEBONEL/tibola.
By V. IBARRA, J.A. OTEO, A. PORTILLO, S. SANTIBÁÑEZ, J.R. BLANCO, L. METOLA, J.M. EIROS, L. PÉREZ-MARTINEZ, AND M. SANZ	206	(9)
Infective Endocarditis due to Bartonella spp. and Coxiella burnetii: Experience at a Cardiology Hospital in Sao Paulo, Brazil.
By RINALDO FOCACCIA SICILIANO, TÂNIA MARA STRABELLI, ROGÉRIO ZEIGLER, CRISTHIENI RODRIGUES, JUSSARA BIANCHI CASTELLI, MAX GRINBERG, SILVIA COLOMBO, LUIZ JACINTHO DA SILVA, ELVIRA MARIA MENDES DO NASCIMENTO, FABIANA CRISTINA PEREIRA DOS SANTOS, AND DAVID EVERSON UIP	215	(8)
Arthropod-Borne Diseases in Homeless.
By PHILIPPE BROUQUI AND DIDIER RAOULT	223	(13)
Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Granulocytotropic Anaplasmosis.
By JOHAN S. BAKKEN AND J. STEPHEN DUMLER	236	(12)
Diagnosis of Coxiella burnetii Pericarditis Using a Systematic Prescription Kit in Case of Pericardial Effusion.
By P.Y. LEVY, F. THUNY, G. HABIB, J.L. BONNET, P. DJIANE, AND D. RAOULT	248	(4)
Brazilian Spotted Fever: A Case Series from an Endemic Area in Southeastern Brazil: Clinical Aspects.
By RODRIGO N. ANGERAMI, MARIÂNGELA R. RESENDE, ADRIANA F.C. FELTRIN, GIZELDA KATZ, ELVIRA M. NASCIMENTO, RAQUEL S.B. STUCCHI, AND LUIZ J. SILVA	252	(3)
Revisiting Brazilian Spotted Fever Focus of Caratinga, Minas Gerais State, Brazil.
By M.A.M. GALVÃO, L.D. CARDOSO, C.L. MAFRA, S.B. CALIC, AND D.H. WALKER	255	(2)
Fatal Case of Brazilian Spotted Fever Confirmed By Immunohistochemical Staining and Sequencing Methods on Fixed Tissues.
By TATIANA ROZENTAL, MARINA E. EREMEEVA, CHRISTOPHER D. PADDOCK, SHERIF R. ZAKI, GREGORY A. DASCH, AND ELBA R.S. LEMOS	257	(3)
Detection of Rickettsia rickettsii and Rickettsia sp. in Blood Clots in 24 Patients from Different Municipalities of the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil.
By FLÁVIA SOUSA GEHRKE, ELVIRA MARIA MENDES DO NASCIMENTO, ELIANA RODRIGUES DE SOUZA, SILVIA COLOMBO, LUIZ JACINTHO DA SILVA, AND TERESINHA TIZU SATO SCHUMAKER	260	(3)
Mediterranean Spotted Fever in Crete, Greece: Clinical and Therapeutic Data of 15 Consecutive Patients.
By A. GERMANAKIS, A. PSAROULAKI, A. GIKAS, AND Y. TSELENTIS	263	(7)
Part III. Vectors
Prevalence of Rickettsia felis-like and Bartonella Spp. in Ctenocephalicles Jelis and Ctenocephalides cants from La Rioja (Northern Spain).
By JOSÉ RAMÓN BLANCO, LAURA PÉREZ-MARTINEZ, MANUEL VALLEJO, SONIA SANTIBÁÑEZ, ARÁNZAZU PORTILLO, AND JOSÉ, ANTONIO OTEO	270	(5)
Prediction of Habitat Suitability for Ticks.
By AGUSTIN ESTRADA-PEÑA	275	(10)
Natural Infection, Transovarial Transmission, and Transstadial Survival of Rickettsia bellii in the Tick Ixodes loricatus (Atari: Ixodidae) from Brazil.
By MAURICIO C. HORTA, ADRIANO PINTER, TERESINHA T.S. SCHUMAKER, AND MARCELO B. LABRUNA	285	(6)
Prevalence of Bacterial Agents in Ixodes persulcatus Ticks from the Vologda Province of Russia.
By MARINA E. EREMEEVA, ALICE OLIVEIRA, JENNILEE B. ROBINSON, NINA RIBAKOVA, NIKOLAY K. TOKAREVICH, AND GREGORY A. DASCH	291	(8)
Ecology and Molecular Epidemiology of Tick-Borne Rickettsioses and Anaplasmoses with Natural Foci in Russia and Kazakhstan.
By NIKOLAY RUDAKOV, STANISLAV SHPYNOV, PIERRE-EDOUARD FOURNIER, AND DIDIER RAOULT	299	(6)
Prevalence of Rickettsia felis in Ctenocephalides felis and Ctenocephalides canis from Uruguay.
By JOSÉ M. VENZAL, LAURA PÉREZ-MARTINEZ, MARIA L. FÉLIX, ARÁNZAZU PORTILLO, JOSÉ R. BLANCO, AND JOSÉ A. OTEO	305	(4)
Highly Variable Year-to-Year Prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Ixodes ricinus Ticks in Northeastern Poland: A 4-Year Follow-up.
By ANNA GRZESZCZUK AND JOANNA STANCZAK	309	(3)
Detection of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Coxiella burnetii, Rickettsia spp., and Borrelia burgdorferi s. 1. in Ticks, and Wild-Living Animals in Western and Middle Slovakia.
By KATARINA SMETANOVÁ, KATARINA SCHWARZOVÁ, AND ELENA KOCIANOVÁ	312	(4)
Prevalence of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Rickettsia sp. and Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato DNA in Questing Ixodes ricinus Ticks from France.
By LÉNAIG HALOS, GWENAËL VOURC'H, VIOLAINE COTTE, PATRICK GASQUI, JACQUES BARNOUIN, HENRI-JEAN BOULOUS, AND MURIEL VAYSSIER-TAUSSAT	316	(4)
Prevalence of Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia Species Detected in Ticks in La Rioja, Spain.
By J.A. OTEO, A. PORTILLO, S. SANTIBÁÑEZ, L. PÉREZ-MARTINEZ, J.R. BLANCO, S. JIMÉNEZ, V. IBARRA, A. PÉREZ-PALACIOS, AND M. SANZ	320	(4)
Prevalence of Rickettsia slovaca in Dermacentor marginatus Ticks Removed from Wild Boar (Sus scrofh) in Northeastern Spain.
By A. ORTUÑO, M. QUESADA, S. LÓPEZ, J. MIRET, N. CARDEÑOSA, J. CASTELLÀ, E. ANTON, AND F. SEGURA	324	(4)
Prevalence Data of Rickettsia slovaca and Other SFG Rickettsiae Species in Dermacentor marginatus in the Southeastern Iberian Peninsula.
By F.J. MÁRQUEZ, A. ROJAS, V. IBARRA, A. CANTERO, J. ROJAS, J.A. OTEO, AND M.A. MUNIAIN	328	(3)
Spotted Fever Group Rickettsiae in Ticks Feeding on Humans in Northwestern Spain: Is Rickettsia conorii Vanishing?
By PEDRO FERNÁNDEZ-SOTO, RICARDO PÉREZ-SÁNCHEZ, RUFINO ÁLAMO-SANZ, AND ANTONIO ENCINAS-GRANDES	331	(3)
A Rickettsial Mixed Infection in a Dermacentor Variabilis Tick from Ohio.
By JENNIFER R. CARMICHAEL AND PAUL A. FUERST	334	(4)
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever in Arizona: Documentation of Heavy Environmental Infestations of Rhipicephalus sanguineus at an Endemic Site.
By WILLIAM L. NICHOLSON, CHRISTOPHER D. PADDOCK, LINDA DEMMA, MARC TRAEGER, BRIAN JOHNSON, JEFFREY DICKSON, JENNIFER MCQUISTON, AND DAVID SWERDLOW	338	(4)
An Outbreak of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Associated with a Novel Tick Vector, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, in Arizona, 2004: Preliminary Report.
By LINDA J. DEMMA, M. EREMEEVA, W.L. NICHOLSON, M. TRAEGER, D. BLAU, C. PADDOCK, M. LEVIN, G. DASCH, J. CHEEK, D. SWERDLOW, AND J. MCQUISTON	342	(2)
Incidence and Distribution Pattern of Rickettsia /Ms in Peridomestic Fleas from Andalusia, Southeast Spain.
By F.J. MÁRQUEZ, M.A. MUNIAIN, J.J. RODRIGUEZ-LIEBANA, M.D. DEL TORO, M. BERNABEU-WITTEL, AND A.J. PACHÓN	344	(3)
Molecular Identification of Rickettsia felis-like Bacteria in Haemaphysalis sulcata Ticks Collected from Domestic Animals in Southern Croatia.
By DARJA DUH, VOLGA PUNDA-POLIC, TOMI TRILAR, MIROSLAV PETROVEC, NIKOLA BRADARIC, AND TATJANA AVŠIC-ŽUPANC	347	(5)
Expression of rOmpA and rOmpB Protein in Rickettsia massiliae during the Rhipicephalus turanicus Life Cycle.
By MOTOHIKO OGAWA, KOTARO MATSUMOTO, PAROLA PHILIPPE, DIDIER RAOULT, AND PHILIPPE BROUQUI	352	(5)
Lice Infestation and Lice Control Remedies in the Ukraine.
By I. KURHANOVA	357	(4)
Prevalence of Rickettsia felts in the Fleas Ctenocephalides felis fells and Ctenocephalides Canis from Two Indian Villages in Sao Paulo Municipality, Brazil.
By MAURICIO C. HORTA, DANIELA P. CHIEBAO, DANIELE B. DE SOUZA, FERNANDO FERREIRA, SÔNIA R. PINHEIRO, MACELO B. LABRUNA, AND TERESINHA T.S. SCHUMAKER	361	(3)
Population Survey of Egyptian Arthropods for Rickettsial Agents.
By AMANDA D. LOFTIS, WILL K. REEVES, DANIEL E. SZUMLAS, MAGDA M. ABBASSY, IBRAHIM M. HELMY, JOHN R. MORIARITY, AND GREGORY A. DASCH	364	(4)
First Molecular Detection of R. conorii, R. aeschlimannii, and R. massiliae in Ticks from Algeria.
By I. BITAM, P. PAROLA, K. MATSUMOTO, J.M. ROLAIN, B. BAZIZ, S.C. BOUBIDI, Z. HARRAT, M. BELKAID, AND DIDIER RAOULT	368	(5)
Ornithodoros moubata, a Soft Tick Vector for Rickettsia in East Africa?
By SALLY J. CUTLER, PAUL BROWNING, AND JULIE C. SCOTT	373	(5)
Detection of Members of the Genera Rickettsia, Anaplasma, and Ehrlichia in Ticks Collected in the Asiatic Part of Russia.
By STANISLAV SHPYNOV, PIERRE-EDOUARD FOURNIER, NIKOLAY RUDAKOV, IRINA TARASEVICH, AND DIDIER RAOULT	378	(6)
Characterization of Dermacentor variabilis Molecules Associated with Rickettsial Infection.
By KEVIN R. MACALUSO, ALBERT MULENGA, JASON A. SIMSER, AND ABDU F. AZAD	384	(5)
Ticks, Tick-Borne Rickettsiae, and Coxiella burnetii in the Greek Island of Cephalonia.
By A. PSAROULAKI, D. RAGIADAKOU, G. KOURIS, B. PAPADOPOULOS, B. CHANIOTIS, AND Y. TSELENTIS	389	(11)
Part IV. Veterinary Rickettsiology
Molecular Characterization of Rickettsia rickettsii Infecting Dogs and People in North Carolina.
By LINDA KIDD, BARBARA HEGARTY, DANIEL SEXTON, AND EDWARD BREITSCHWERDT	400	(10)
Itarionella Infection in Domestic Cats and Wild Felids.
By BRUNO B. CHOMEL, RICKIE W. KASTEN, JENNIFER B. HENN, AND SOPHIE MOLIA	410	(6)
Anaplasmosis: Focusing on Host–Vector–Pathogen Interactions for Vaccine Development.
By JOSÉ DE LA FUENTE, PATRICIA AYOUBI, EDMOUR F. BLOUIN, CONSUELO ALMAZÁN, VICTORIA NARANJO, AND KATHERINE M. KOCAN	416	(8)
I valuation of E. ruminantium Genes in DBA/2 Mice as Potential DNA Vaccine Candidates for Control of Heartwater.
By BIGBOY H. SIMBI, MICHAEL V. BOWIE, TRAVIS C. MCGUIRE, ANTHONY F. BARBET, AND SUMAN M. MAHAN	424	(14)
New Findings on Members of the Family Anaplasmataceae of Veterinary Importance.
By YASUKO RIKIHISA	438	(8)
lnaplasma phagocytophilum in Ruminants in Europe.
By ZERAI WOLDEHIWET	446	(15)
Epidemiological Survey of Ehrlichia canis and Related Species Infection in Dogs in Eastern Sudan.
By HISASHI INOKUMA, MAREMICHI OYAMADA, BERNARD DAVOUST, MICKAËL BONI, JACQUES DEREURE, BRUNO BUCHETON, AWAD HAMMAD, MALAIKA WATANABE, KAZUHITO ITAMOTO, MASARU OKUDA, AND PHILIPPE BROUQUI	461	(3)
Surveys on Seroprevalence of Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis among Dogs Living in the Ivory Coast and Gabon and Evaluation of a Quick Commercial Test Kit Dot-ELISA.
By BERNARD DAVOUST, OLIVIER BOURRY, JOSÉ GOMEZ, LAURENT LAFAY, FANNY CASALI, ERIC LEROY, AND DANIEL PARZY	464	(6)
Experimental Infections in Dogs with Ehrlichia canis Strain Borgo 89.
By STÉPHANIE JOURET-GOURJAULT, DANIEL PARZY, AND BERNARD DAVOUST	470	(6)
Reservoir Competency of Goats for Anaplasma phagocytophilum.
By ROBERT F. MASSUNG, MICHAEL L. LEVIN, NATHAN J. MILLER, AND THOMAS N. MATHER	476	(3)
An Epidemiological Study on Anaplasma Infection in Cattle, Sheep, and Goats in Mashhad Suburb, Khorasan Province, Iran.
By G.R. RAZMI, K. DASTJERDI, H. HOSSIENI, A. NAGHIBI, F. BARATI, AND M.R. ASLANI	479	(3)
Cytokine Gene Expression By Peripheral Blood Leukocytes in Dogs Experimentally Infected with a New Virulent Strain of Ehrlichia canis.
By AHMET UNVER, HAIBIN HUANG, AND YASUKO RIKIHISA	482	(5)
Serological Evaluation of Anaplasma phagocytophilum Infection in Livestock in Northwestern Spain.
By INMACULADA AMUSATEGUI, ANGEL SAINZ, AND MIGUEL ÁNGEL TESOURO	487	(4)
Anaplasma phagocytophilum Infection in Cattle in France.
By KOTARO MATSUMOTO, GUY JONCOUR, BERNARD DAVOUST, PIERRE-HUGUES PITEL, ALAIN CHAUZY, ERIC COLLIN, HERVÉ MORVAN, NATHALIE VASSALLO, AND PHILIPPE BROUQUI	491	(4)
Understanding the Mechanisms of Transmission of Ehrlichia ruminantium and Its Influence on the Structure of Pathogen Populations in the Field.
By NATHALIE VACHIÉRY, MODESTINE RALINIAINA, FRÉDÉRIC STACHURSKI, HASSANE ADAKAL, SOPHIE MOLIA, THIERRY LEFRANÇOIS, AND DOMINIQUE MARTINEZ	495	(3)
Incidence of Ovine Abortion By Coxiella burnetii in Northern Spain.
By B. OPORTO, J.F. BARANDIKA, A. HURTADO, G. ADURIZ, B. MORENO, AND A.L. GARCIA-PEREZ	498	(4)
Detection of Coxiella burnetii in Market Chicken Eggs and Mayonnaise.
By NORIYUKI TATSUMI, ANDREAS BAUMGARTNER, YING QIAO, IKKYU YAMAMOTO, AND KAZUO YAMAGUCHI	502	(4)
Efficacy of Several Anti-Tick Treatments to Prevent the Transmission of Rickettsia conorii under Natural Conditions.
By A. ESTRADA-PEÑA AND J.M. VENZAL BIANCHI	506	(3)
Rickettsia spp. in Ixodes ricinus Ticks in Bavaria, Germany.
By R. WÖLFEL, R. TERZIOGLU, J. KIESSLING, S. WILHELM, S. ESSBAUER, M. PFEFFER, AND G. DOBLER	509	(3)
The Occurrence of Spotted Fever Group (SFG) Rickettsiae in Ixodes ricinus Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) in Northern Poland.
By JOANNA STANCZAK	512	(3)
Molecular Survey of Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum from Blood of Dogs in Italy.
By L. SOLANO-GALLEGO, M. TROTTA, L. RAZIA, T. FURLANELLO, AND M. CALDIN	515	(4)
Spotted Fever Group Rickettsial Infection in Dogs from Eastern Arizona: How Long Has It Been There?.
By WILLIAM L. NICHOLSON, RONDEEN GORDON, AND LINDA J. DEMMA	519	(4)
Part V. Isolation, Cell Culture, and Diagnostics
Isolation of Rickettsia rickettsii and Rickettsia bellii in Cell Culture from the Tick Amblyomma aureolatum in Brazil.
By ADRIANO PINTER, AND MARCELO B. LABRUNA	523	(7)
Multiplexed Serology in Atypical Bacterial Pneumonia.
By FRÉDÉRIQUE GOURIET, MICHEL DRANCOURT, AND DIDIER RAOULT	530	(11)
Isolation of Anaplasma phagocytophilum Strain Ap-Variant 1 in a Tick-Derived Cell Line.
By ROBERT F. MASSUNG, MICHAEL L. LEVIN, ULRIKE G. MUNDERLOH, DAVID J. SILVERMAN, MEGFIAN J. LYNCH, AND TIMOTHY J. KURTTI	541	(4)
Human Anaplasmosis: The First Spanish Case Confirmed By PCR.
By J.C. GARCIA, M.J. NÚÑEZ, B. CASTRO, F.J. FRAILE, A. LÓPEZ, M.C. MELLA, A. BLANCO, C. SIEIRA, E. LOUREIRO, A. PORTILLO, AND J.A. OTEO	545	(3)
Two Cases of Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis in Sardinia, Italy Confirmed By PCR.
By S. MASTRANDREA, M.S MURA, S. TOLA, C. PATTA, A. TANDA, R. PORCU, AND G. MASALA	548	(4)
Multiplex Detection of Ehrlichia and Anaplasma Pathogens in Vertebrate and Tick Hosts By Real-Time RT-PCR.
By KAMESH R. SIRIGIREDDY, DONALD C. MOCK, AND ROMAN R. GANTA	552	(5)
Identification and Characterization of Coxiella burnetii Strains and Isolates Using Monoclonal Antibodies.
By Z. SEKEYOVÁ AND E. KOVÁCOVÁ	557	(4)
Comparison of Four Commercially Available Assays for the Detection of IgM Phase II Antibodies to Coxiella burnetii in the Diagnosis of Acute Q Fever.
By DIMITRIOS FRANGOULIDIS, ELMAR SCHRÖPFER, SASCHA AL DAHOUK, HERBERT TOMASO, AND HERMANN MEYER	561	(2)
Evaluation of a Real-Time PCR Assay to Detect Coxiella burnetii.
By SILKE R. KLEE, HEINZ ELLERBROK, JUDITH TYCZKA, TATJANA FRANZ, AND BERND APPEL	563	(3)
Diagnosis of Acute Q Fever By PCR on Sera during a Recent Outbreak in Rural South Australia.
By M. TURRA, G. CHANG, D. WHYBROW, G. HIGGINS, AND M. QIAO	566	(4)
Evaluation of IgG Antibody Response against Rickettsia conorii and Rickettsia slovaca in Patients with DEBONEL/tibola.
By S. SANTIBÁÑEZ, V. IBARRA, A. PORTILLO, J.R. BLANCO, V. MARTINEZ DE ARTOLA, A. GUERRERO, J.A. OTEO	570	(3)
Molecular Typing of Novel Rickettsia rickettsii Isolates from Arizona.
By MARINA E. EREMEEVA, ELIZABETH BOSSERMAN, MARIA ZAMBRANO, LINDA DEMMA, AND GREGORY A. DASCH	573	(5)
Ten Years' Experience of Isolation of Rickettsia spp. from Blood Samples Using the Shell-Vial Cell Culture Assay.
By MARIELA QUESADA, ISABEL SANFELIU, NEUS CARDEÑOSA, AND FERRAN SEGURA	578	(4)
Automated Method Based in VNTR Analysis for Rickettsiae Genotyping.
By LILIANA VITORINO, RITA DE SOUSA, FATIMA BACELLAR, AND LIBIA ZÉ-ZÉ	582	(5)
Monitoring of Humans and Animals for the Presence of Various Rickettsiae and Coxiella burnetii By Serological Methods.
By E. KOVÁCOVÁ, Z. SEKEYOVÁ, M. TRÁVNICEK, M.R. BHIDE, S. MARDZINOVÁ, J. CURLIK, AND D. ŠPANELOVÁ	587	(3)
Early Diagnosis of Rickettsioses By Electrochemiluminscence.
By GARY WEN, JERE W. MCBRIDE, XIAOFENG ZHANG, AND JUAN P. OLANO	590	(5)
Corpuscular Antigenic Microarray for the Serodiagnosis of Blood Culture–Negative Endocarditis.
By LAURENT SAMSON, MICHEL DRANCOURT, JEAN-PAUL CASALTA, AND DIDIER RAOULT	595	(2)
Proposal to Create Subspecies of Rickettsia sibirica and an Emended Description of Rickettsia sibirica.
By PIERRE-EDOUARD FOURNIER, YONG ZHU, XUEJIE Yu, AND DIDIER RAOULT	597	(10)
Comparison of Immune Response against Orientia tsutsugamushi, a Causative Agent of Scrub Typhus, in 4-Week-Old and 10-Week-Old Scrub Typhus-Infected Laboratory Mice Using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Technique.
By KRIANGKRAI LERDTHUSNEE, SUPAK JENKITKASEMWONG, SUCHEERA INSUAN, WARISA LEEPITAKRAT, TAWEESAK MONKANNA, NITTAYA KHLAIMANEE, WEERAYUT CHAREONSONGSERMKIJ, SURACHAI LEEPITAKRAT, KWANTA CHAYAPHUM, AND JAMES. W JONES	607	(6)
Methods of Isolation and Cultivation of New Rickettsiae from the Nosoarea of the North Asian Tick Typhus in Siberia.
By I.E. SAMOYLENKO, L.V. KUMPAN, S.N. SHPYNOV, A.S. OBERT, O.V. BUTAKOV, AND N.V. RUDAKOV	613	(4)
Validation of a Rickettsia prowazekii–specific Quantitative Real-Time PCR Cassette and DNA Extraction Protocols Using Experimentally Infected Lice.
By PATRICK J. ROZMAJZL, LINDA HOUHAMDI, JU JIANG, DIDIER RAOULT, AND ALLEN L. RICHARDS	617	(4)
Index of Contributors	621