The Challenge of Third World Development

by Handelman, Howard

• ISBN13: 9780130837578
• ISBN10: 0130837571
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Paperback
• Copyright: 1999-08-01
• Publisher: Pearson College Div

Summary

For undergraduate-level courses in Third World, Comparative Politics, or Developing World courses in the department of Political Science. This text explores political, economic, and social issues common to diverse Third World countries. It examines the nature of underdevelopment and discusses explanatory theories of development. The book analyzes the major political and socio-economic cleavages that divide many of those nations, and the efforts being made to understand and address these challenges.

Table of Contents

Preface	p. X
Understanding Underdevelopment	p. 1
Third World Commonalities: The Nature of Underdevelopment	p. 3
Economic Underdevelopment	p. 3
Social Underdevelopment	p. 5
Political Underdevelopment	p. 8
Some Relationships among the Components of Development	p. 10
The Causes of Underdevelopment	p. 12
Modernization Theory and the Importance of Cultural Values	p. 12
Dependency Theory	p. 15
Modernization and Dependency Theory Compared	p. 17
Contemporary Perspectives	p. 18
Discussion Questions	p. 19
Notes	p. 19
Religion and Politics	p. 23
The Meeting of Church and State	p. 24
Great Religions of the Third World	p. 25
Religion, Modernity, and Secularization	p. 26
Structural and Theological Bases of Church-State Relations	p. 28
Islam	p. 29
Catholicism	p. 30
Hinduism and Buddhism	p. 31
Religious Fundamentalism: Islam and Hinduism	p. 32
Defining and Explaining Fundamentalism	p. 32
Radical and Conservative Fundamentalists	p. 33
"Sacred Rage": Radical Fundamentalism and the Iranian Revolution	p. 34
Radical Hindu Fundamentalism	p. 37
The Progressive Catholic Church	p. 39
Conclusion	p. 42
Discussion Questions	p. 43
Notes	p. 43
The Politics of Cultural Pluralism and Ethnic Conflict	p. 48
Defining Ethnicity	p. 49
Ethnic and State Boundaries	p. 50
Types of Ethnic-Cultural Divisions	p. 51
Nationality	p. 51
Tribe	p. 53
Race	p. 55
Religion	p. 58
Caste	p. 60
Independence, Modernization, and Ethnic Tension	p. 61
Levels of Interethnic Conflict	p. 62
Relative Harmony	p. 62
Uneasy Balance	p. 62
Enforced Hierarchy (Ethnic Repression)	p. 63
Systematic Violence	p. 65
Ethnic Pluralism and Democracy	p. 65
Outcomes and Resolutions	p. 66
Power Sharing: Federalism and Consociationalism	p. 66
Secession	p. 68
Outside Intervention	p. 70
Settlement through Exhaustion	p. 71
Toward a Peaceful Resolution of Conflict	p. 71
Conclusion	p. 72
Discussion Questions	p. 72
Notes	p. 72
Women and Development	p. 78
The Political and Socio-Economic Status of Third World Women	p. 79
Colonialism, Modernization, and the Economic Status of Women	p. 81
Women in the Countryside	p. 82
Urbanization and the Status of Women	p. 83
Women and Economic Crisis	p. 85
Women and Politics	p. 86
Women at the Grass-roots Level	p. 88
Women as Political Leaders	p. 91
Women and Revolutionary Change	p. 93
Conclusion	p. 96
Discussion Questions	p. 97
Notes	p. 98
Agrarian Reform and the Politics of Rural Change	p. 103
Rural Class Structures	p. 104
Peasant Politics	p. 106
The Politics of Agrarian Reform	p. 109
Patterns of Land Concentration	p. 109
The Case for Agrarian Reform	p. 110
Types of Agrarian Reform	p. 114
The Limits of Agrarian Reform	p. 119
Other Approaches and Issues	p. 121
Integrated Rural Development	p. 121
Crop Pricing	p. 123
Conclusion	p. 124
Discussion Questions	p. 124
Notes	p. 124
Rapid Urbanization and the Politics of the Urban Poor	p. 130
The Political Consequences of Urban Growth	p. 132
The Struggle for Employment	p. 133
The Struggle for Housing among the Urban Poor	p. 137
Public Housing and the Role of the State	p. 138
Spontaneous Housing	p. 139
Sites-and-Services Programs	p. 140
The Politics of the Urban Poor: Conflicting Images	p. 141
Forms of Political Expression Among the Urban Poor	p. 144
Individual Political Behavior	p. 144
Collective Goals: Housing and Urban Services	p. 145
Radical Political Behavior	p. 148
Conclusion	p. 149
Discussion Questions	p. 150
Notes	p. 150
Revolutionary Change	p. 155
Defining Revolution	p. 156
Underlying Causes of Revolution	p. 158
Inexorable Historical Forces	p. 158
Regime Decay	p. 159
Challenge from Below	p. 162
Conclusion	p. 165
Levels of Popular Support	p. 166
Peasants as Revolutionaries	p. 168
Why Peasants Rebel	p. 169
Which Peasants Rebel	p. 169
Revolutionary Leadership	p. 170
Revolutionaries in Power	p. 172
Conclusion	p. 175
Discussion Questions	p. 177
Notes	p. 177
Soldiers and Politics	p. 182
The Causes of Military Intervention	p. 185
The Nature of the Armed Forces	p. 185
The Nature of Civil Society	p. 186
Progressive Soldiers and Military Conservatives	p. 188
The Goals of Military Regimes	p. 191
Personalist Regimes	p. 191
Institutional Military Regimes	p. 192
The Accomplishments and Failures of Military Regimes	p. 197
Combating Corruption	p. 197
Defending Corporate Interests	p. 198
Establishing Stability	p. 199
Economic Development	p. 201
Military Withdrawal from Politics	p. 202
New Roles for the Armed Forces	p. 204
Conclusion	p. 205
Discussion Questions	p. 206
Notes	p. 206
The Political Economy of Third World Development	p. 213
The Role of the State	p. 214
The Command Economy	p. 215
Latin America Statism	p. 218
East Asia's Developmental State	p. 221
The Neoclassical Ideal	p. 224
Conclusions	p. 226
Industrialization Strategies	p. 227
Import-Substituting Industrialization (ISI)	p. 227
Export-Oriented Industrialization (EOI)	p. 229
East and Southeast Asia's Economic Crisis	p. 231
The Onset of the Crisis	p. 231
Causes of the Asian Crisis	p. 232
Consequences of the 1997 Crash	p. 233
Implications for Asia's Growth Model	p. 233
Growth with Equity	p. 234
Economic Development and the Environment	p. 238
The Costs of Growth	p. 238
Environmental Decay as a Third World Problem	p. 239
Environmental Decay in the LDCs as a Global Problem	p. 240
The Search for Sustainable Development	p. 240
Some Signs of Progress	p. 242
Conclusion	p. 243
Discussion Questions	p. 244
Notes	p. 244
Democratic Change and the Change to Democracy	p. 251
Democracy Defined	p. 252
Democratic Transition and Consolidation	p. 254
Authoritarian Beginnings	p. 255
Justifying Authoritarian Rule	p. 256
The Third Wave and Its Effect on the Third World	p. 257
International Causes and Consequences of the Third Wave	p. 259
The Prerequisites of Democracy in Individual Countries	p. 260
Social and Economic Modernization	p. 261
Class Structure	p. 262
Political Culture	p. 263
Conclusion: Democratic Consolidation	p. 267
Discussion Questions	p. 269
Notes	p. 269
Glossary	p. 273
Index	p. 281
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