Chemistry The Molecular Science (with CD-ROM, General ChemistryNow, and InfoTrac)

by Moore, John W.; Stanitski, Conrad L.; Jurs, Peter C.

• ISBN13: 9780534422011
• ISBN10: 0534422012
• Edition: 2nd
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2004-02-05
• Publisher: Brooks Cole

Summary

The most successful first edition General Chemistry text published in the last decade, CHEMISTRY: THE MOLECULAR SCIENCE continues in this new edition to emphasize the traditional core concepts covered in the general chemistry course. Lauded for its focus on visualization for understanding in support of students' conceptual development and its dedicated emphasis on content mastery through a proven problem-solving methodology that actively engages students in the chemical thought process, this Second Edition offers a complete pedagogical solution. The text's student focus is extended through General ChemistryNow--the first assessment-centered Web-based learning tool for general chemistry. Developed in concert, the unparalleled integration of text and media provides students with a seamless learning system. Based on extensive user and reviewer feedback, the Second Edition has been significantly revised to meet the content and organizational needs of today's general chemistry classroom. CHEMISTRY: THE MOLECULAR SCIENCE is intended for mainstream general chemistry courses geared toward students who expect to pursue further study in science, engineering, or science-related disciplines.

Table of Contents

The Nature of Chemistry	1	(38)
Why Care about Chemistry?	2	(1)
Molecular Medicine	3	(2)
How Science Is Done	5	(1)
Identifying Matter: Physical Properties	6	(5)
Chemical Changes and Chemical Properties	11	(2)
Classifying Matter: Substances and Mixtures	13	(2)
Classifying Matter: Elements and Compounds	15	(2)
Nanoscale Theories and Models	17	(4)
The Atomic Theory	21	(2)
The Chemical Elements	23	(4)
Communicating Chemistry: Symbolism	27	(2)
Modern Chemical Sciences	29
Nanoscale Transistors	20	(19)
Portrait of a Scientist John Dalton	22	(1)
Estimation How Tiny Are Atoms and Molecules?	23	(4)
Portrait of a Scientist Sir Harold Kroto	27	(12)
Atoms and Elements	39	(38)
Atomic Structure and Subatomic Particles	40	(3)
The Nuclear Atom	43	(1)
The Sizes of Atoms and the Units Used to Represent Them	44	(6)
Uncertainty and Significant Figures	50	(3)
Atomic Numbers and Mass Numbers	53	(3)
Isotopes and Atomic Weight	56	(3)
Amounts of Substances: The Mole	59	(1)
Molar Mass and Problem Solving	60	(2)
The Periodic Table	62	(2)
Portrait of a Scientist Ernest Rutherford	44	(2)
Tools of Chemistry Scanning Tunneling Microscopy	46	(8)
Tools of Chemistry Mass Spectrometer	54	(6)
Estimation The Size of Avogadro's Number	60	(2)
Portrait of a Scientist Dmitri Mendeleev	62	(2)
An Elemental Anagram	64	(2)
Running Out of an Element?	66	(11)
Chemistry You Can Do Preparing a Pure Sample of an Element	68	(9)
Chemical Compounds	77	(46)
Molecular Compounds	78	(3)
Naming Binary Inorganic Compounds	81	(2)
Hydrocarbons	83	(2)
Alkanes and Their Isomers	85	(3)
Ions and Ionic Compounds	88	(6)
Naming Ions and Ionic Compounds	94	(3)
Properties of Ionic Compounds	97	(3)
Moles of Compounds	100	(4)
Percent Composition	104	(2)
Determining Empirical and Molecular Formulas	106	(2)
The Biological Periodic Table	108	(3)
Biomolecules: Carbohydrates and Fats	111
Estimation Number of Alkane Isomers	86	(24)
Chemistry You Can Do Pumping Iron: How Strong Is Your Breakfast Cereal?	110	(1)
Dietary Selenium	110	(13)
Quantities of Reactants and Products	123	(41)
Chemical Equations	124	(2)
Patterns of Chemical Reactions	126	(7)
Balancing Chemical Equations	133	(3)
The Mole and Chemical Reactions: The Macro-Nano Connection	136	(5)
Reactions with One Reactant in Limited Supply	141	(5)
Evaluating the Success of a Synthesis: Percent Yield	146	(4)
Percent Composition and Empirical Formulas	150	(14)
Portrait of a Scientist Antoine Lavoisier	125	(5)
Portrait of a Scientist Alfred Nobel	130	(12)
Estimation How Much CO2 Is Produced by Your Car?	142	(5)
Chemistry You Can Do Vinegar and Baking Soda: A Stoichiometry Experiment	147	(17)
Chemical Reactions	164	(50)
Exchange Reactions: Precipitation and Net Ionic Equations	165	(7)
Acids, Bases, and Acid-Base Exchange Reactions	172	(9)
Oxidation-Reduction Reactions	181	(4)
Oxidation Numbers and Redox Reactions	185	(3)
Displacement Reactions, Redox, and the Activity Series	188	(4)
Solution Concentration	192	(6)
Molarity and Reactions in Aqueous Solutions	198	(4)
Aqueous Solution Titrations	202	(12)
Chemistry You Can Do Pennies, Redox, and the Activity Series of Metals	192	(7)
Chemistry in the News Solving a Problem in Industrial Chemistry	199	(15)
Energy and Chemical Reactions	214	(58)
The Nature of Energy	215	(3)
Conservation of Energy	218	(5)
Heat Capacity	223	(5)
Energy and Enthalpy	228	(5)
Thermochemical Equations	233	(2)
Enthalpy Changes for Chemical Reactions	235	(5)
Where Does the Energy Come From?	240	(2)
Measuring Enthalpy Changes: Calorimetry	242	(4)
Hess's Law	246	(2)
Standard Molar Enthalpies of Formation	248	(5)
Chemical Fuels for Home and Industry	253	(3)
Foods: Fuels for Our Bodies	256	(16)
Portrait of a Scientist James P. Joule	216	(2)
Estimation Earth's Kinetic Energy	218	(16)
Chemistry You Can Do Work and Volume Change	234	(5)
Chemistry You Can Do Rusting and Heating	239	(16)
Chemistry in the News Can Hydrogen Be Stored in Tiny Tanks?	255	(17)
Electron Configurations and the Periodic Table	272	(57)
Electromagnetic Radiation and Matter	273	(2)
Planck's Quantum Theory	275	(5)
The Bohr Model of the Hydrogen Atom	280	(5)
Beyond the Bohr Model: The Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom	285	(3)
Quantum Numbers, Energy Levels, and Orbitals	288	(6)
Atom Electron Configurations	294	(7)
Ion Electron Configurations	301	(6)
Periodic Trends: Atomic Radii	307	(3)
Periodic Trends: Ionic Radii	310	(2)
Periodic Trends: Ionization Energies	312	(3)
Periodic Trends: Electron Affinities	315	(1)
Ion Formation and Ionic Compounds	316	(1)
Energy Considerations in Ionic Compound Formation	317	(12)
Estimation Seeing Red	277	(7)
Portrait of a Scientist Niels Bohr	284	(1)
Chemistry You Can Do Using a Compact Disc as a Diffraction Grating	285	(2)
Chemistry in the News Protons: What Shape?	287	(17)
Tools of Chemistry Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Its Applications	304	(25)
Covalent Bonding	329	(54)
Covalent Bonding	330	(2)
Single Covalent Bonds and Lewis Structures	332	(5)
Single Covalent Bonds in Hydrocarbons	337	(3)
Multiple Covalent Bonds	340	(3)
Multiple Covalent Bonds in Hydrocarbons	343	(5)
Bond Properties: Bond Length and Bond Energy	348	(6)
Bond Properties: Bond Polarity and Electronegativity	354	(3)
Formal Charge	357	(2)
Lewis Structures and Resonance	359	(4)
Exceptions to the Octet Rule	363	(4)
Aromatic Compounds	367	(2)
Molecular Orbital Theory	369	(14)
Portrait of a Scientist Gilbert Newton Lewis	332	(8)
Chemistry in the News Keeping Cool, but Safely	340	(10)
Chemistry in the News Trans Fatty Acids	350	(6)
Portrait of a Scientist Linus Pauling	356	(10)
Chemistry in the News Biologically Reactive Oxygen and Antioxidants	366	(17)
Molecular Structures	383	(51)
Using Molecular Models	384	(1)
Predicting Molecular Shapes: VSEPR	385	(13)
Orbitals Consistent with Molecular Shapes: Hybridization	398	(5)
Hybridization in Molecules with Multiple Bonds	403	(2)
Molecular Polarity	405	(4)
Noncovalent Interactions and Forces between Molecules	409	(9)
Biomolecules: DNA and the Importance of Molecular Structure	418	(4)
Chiral Molecules	422
Tools of Chemistry Infrared Spectroscopy	394	(3)
A Molecule with a Bang	397	(24)
Tools of Chemistry Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy	408	(9)
Chemistry You Can Do Molecular Structure and Biological Activity	417	(1)
Portrait of a Scientist Rosalind Franklin	418	(3)
The Human Genome Project	421	(13)
Estimation Base Pairs and DNA	422	(12)
Gases and the Atmosphere	434	(53)
The Atmosphere	435	(1)
Properties of Gases	436	(5)
Kinetic-Molecular Theory	441	(3)
The Behavior of Ideal Gases	444	(6)
The Ideal Gas Law	450	(4)
Quantities of Gases in Chemical Reactions	454	(3)
Gas Density and Molar Masses	457	(2)
Gas Mixtures and Partial Pressures	459	(5)
The Behavior of Real Gases	464	(3)
Chemical Reactions in the Atmosphere	467	(1)
Ozone and Stratospheric Ozone Depletion	468	(3)
Chemistry and Pollution in the Troposphere	471	(2)
Estimation Thickness of Earth's Atmosphere	437	(11)
Portrait of a Scientist Jacques Alexandre Cesar Charles	448	(10)
Estimation Helium Balloon Buoyancy	458	(11)
Portrait of a Scientist F. Sherwood Rowland	469	(1)
Portrait of a Scientist Susan Solomon	470	(2)
Chemistry You Can Do Particle Size and Visibility	472	(1)
Hazy Observations	473	(14)
Liquids, Solids, and Materials	487	(57)
The Liquid State	488	(3)
Vapor Pressure	491	(3)
Phase Changes: Solids, Liquids, and Gases	494	(11)
Water: An Important Liquid with Unusual Properties	505	(3)
Types of Solids	508	(3)
Crystalline Solids	511	(7)
Network Solids	518	(1)
Materials Science	519	(4)
Metals, Semiconductors, and Insulators	523	(5)
Silicon and the Chip	528	(3)
Cement, Ceramics, and Glass	531
Melting Below Zero	506	(38)
Chemistry You Can Do Melting Ice with Pressure	508	(8)
Chemistry You Can Do Closest Packing of Spheres	516	(3)
Portrait of a Scientist Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin	519	(1)
Tools of Chemistry X-Ray Crystallography	520	(24)
Fuels, Organic Chemicals, and Polymers	544	(64)
Petroleum	545	(8)
Natural Gas and Coal	553	(2)
Energy Conversions	555	(3)
Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide, the Greenhouse Effect, and Global Warming	558	(5)
Organic Chemicals	563	(1)
Alcohols and Their Oxidation Products	564	(8)
Carboxylic Acids and Esters	572	(4)
Synthetic Organic Polymers	576	(15)
Biopolymers: Proteins and Polysaccharides	591	(17)
Chemistry in the News Striking Diamonds in Oil	549	(5)
Tools of Chemistry Gas Chromatography	554	(4)
Estimation Burning Coal	558	(14)
Portrait of a Scientist Percy Lavon Julian	572	(11)
Chemistry You Can Do Making ``Gluep''	583	(6)
Portrait of a Scientist Stephanie Louise Kwolek	589	(19)
Chemical Kinetics: Rates of Reactions	608	(62)
Reaction Rate	609	(6)
Effect of Concentration on Reaction Rate	615	(4)
Rate Law and Order of Reaction	619	(6)
A Nanoscale View: Elementary Reactions	625	(6)
Temperature and Reaction Rate: The Arrhenius Equation	631	(4)
Rate Laws for Elementary Reactions	635	(2)
Reaction Mechanisms	637	(5)
Catalysts and Reaction Rate	642	(3)
Enzymes: Biological Catalysts	645	(7)
Catalysis in Industry	652	(18)
Chemistry You Can Do Simulating First-Order and Zeroth-Order Reactions	622	(3)
Estimation Pesticide Decay	625	(3)
Chemistry You Can Do Kinetics and Vision	628	(3)
Portrait of a Scientist Ahmed H. Zewail	631	(16)
Chemistry You Can Do Enzymes: Biological Catalysts	647	(4)
Chemistry in the News Protease Inhibitors and AIDS	651	(19)
Chemical Equilibrium	670	(47)
Characteristics of Chemical Equilibrium	671	(3)
The Equilibrium Constant	674	(8)
Determining Equilibrium Constants	682	(4)
The Meaning of the Equilibrium Constant	686	(2)
Using Equilibrium Constants	688	(6)
Shifting a Chemical Equilibrium: Le Chatelier's Principle	694	(7)
Equilibrium at the Nanoscale	701	(2)
Controlling Chemical Reactions: The Haber-Bosch Process	703	(14)
Chemistry in the News Equilibrium and Alzheimer's Disease	673	(26)
Estimation Generating Gaseous Fuel	699	(4)
Portrait of a Scientist Fritz Haber	703	(14)
The Chemistry of Solutes and Solutions	717	(47)
Solubility and Intermolecular Forces	718	(6)
Enthalpy, Entropy, and Dissolving Solutes	724	(1)
Solubility and Equilibrium	725	(3)
Temperature and Solubility	728	(2)
Pressure and Dissolving Gases in Liquids: Henry's Law	730	(2)
Solution Concentration: Keeping Track of Units	732	(7)
Vapor Pressures, Boiling Points, and Freezing Points of Solutions	739	(7)
Osmotic Pressure of Solutions	746	(4)
Colloids	750	(1)
Surfactants	751	(2)
Water: Natural, Clean, and Otherwise	753	(11)
Chemistry in the News Bubbling Away: Delicate and Stout	731	(14)
Portrait of a Scientist Jacobus Henricus van't Hoff	745	(7)
Chemistry You Can Do Curdled Colloids	752	(12)
Acids and Bases	764	(52)
The Brønsted-Lowry Concept of Acids and Bases	765	(6)
Carboxylic Acids and Amines	771	(2)
The Autoionization of Water	773	(2)
The pH Scale	775	(4)
Ionization Constants of Acids and Bases	779	(5)
Molecular Structure and Acid Strength	784	(5)
Problem Solving Using Ka and Kb	789	(5)
Acid-Base Reactions of Salts	794	(6)
Lewis Acids and Bases	800	(2)
Practical Acid-Base Chemistry	802
Portrait of a Scientist Arnold Beckman	777	(1)
Chemistry in the news How Low Can You Go? Ultraacidic Water	777	(39)
Estimation Using an Antacid	805	(3)
Chemistry You Can Do Aspirin and Digestion	808	(8)
Additional Aqueous Equilibria	816	(41)
Buffer Solutions	817	(11)
Acid-Base Titrations	828	(8)
Acid Rain	836	(1)
Solubility Equilibria and the Solubility Product Constant, Ksp	837	(3)
Factors Affecting Solubility	840	(7)
Precipitation: Will It Occur?	847	(10)
Thermodynamics: Directionality of Chemical Reactions	857	(51)
Reactant-Favored and Product-Favored Processes	858	(1)
Chemical Reactions and Dispersal of Energy	859	(2)
Measuring Dispersal of Energy: Entropy	861	(6)
Calculating Entropy Changes	867	(1)
Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics	867	(5)
Gibbs Free Energy	872	(4)
Gibbs Free Energy Changes and Equilibrium Constants	876	(6)
Gibbs Free Energy, Maximum Work, and Energy Resources	882	(3)
Gibbs Free Energy and Biological Systems	885	(7)
Conservation of Gibbs Free Energy	892	(2)
Thermodynamic and Kinetic Stability	894
Portrait of a Scientist Ludwig Boltzmann	862	(8)
Chemistry You Can Do Rubber Bands and Thermodynamics	870	(14)
Chemistry in the news The Hindenburg Disaster--- Hydrogen or Thermite?	884	(24)
Estimation Gibbs Free Energy and Automobile Travel	894	(14)
Electrochemistry and Its Applications	908	(56)
Redox Reactions	909	(2)
Using Half-Reactions to Understand Redox Reactions	911	(6)
Electrochemical Cells	917	(4)
Electrochemical Cells and Voltage	921	(5)
Using Standard Cell Potentials	926	(4)
E° and Gibbs Free Energy	930	(4)
Effect of Concentration on Cell Potential	934	(4)
Neuron Cells	938	(3)
Common Batteries	941	(4)
Fuel Cells	945	(2)
Electrolysis---Forcing Reactant-Favored Reactions to Occur	947	(3)
Counting Electrons	950	(3)
Corrosion---Product-Favored Reactions	953
Chemistry You Can Do Remove Tarnish the Easy Way	928	(3)
Portrait of a Scientist Michael Faraday	931	(11)
Portrait of a Scientist Wilson Greatbatch	942	(3)
Hybrid Cars	945	(19)
Estimation The Cost of Aluminum in a Soda Can	953	(11)
Nuclear Chemistry	964	(38)
The Nature of Radioactivity	965	(1)
Nuclear Reactions	966	(4)
Stability of Atomic Nuclei	970	(5)
Rates of Disintegration Reactions	975	(7)
Artificial Transmutations	982	(1)
Nuclear Fission	983	(5)
Nuclear Fusion	988	(1)
Nuclear Radiation: Effects and Units	989	(3)
Applications of Radioactivity	992
Portrait of a Scientist Glenn Seaborg	982	(1)
Portrait of a Scientist Darleane C. Hoffmann	983	(4)
Building a Repository for High-Level Nuclear Waste	987	(15)
Chemistry You Can Do Counting Millirems: Your Radiation Exposure	991	(11)
The Chemistry of the Main Group Elements	1002	(43)
Formation of the Elements	1003	(2)
Terrestrial Elements	1005	(5)
Some Main Group Elements Extracted by Physical Methods: Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Sulfur	1010	(2)
Some Main Group Elements Extracted by Electrolysis: Sodium, Chlorine, Magnesium, and Aluminum	1012	(5)
Some Main Group Elements Extracted by Chemical Oxidation-Reduction: Phosphorus, Bromine, and Iodine	1017	(3)
A Periodic Perspective: The Main Group Elements	1020	(11)
Portrait of a Scientist Charles Martin Hall	1017	(3)
Portrait of a Scientist Herbert H. Dow	1020	(11)
Ammonia Synthesis under Mild Conditions	1031	(14)
Chemistry of Selected Transition Elements and Coordination Compounds	1045
Properties of the Transition (d-Block) Elements	1046	(5)
Iron and Steel: The Use of Pyrometallurgy	1051	(4)
Copper: A Coinage Metal	1055	(4)
Silver and Gold: The Other Coinage Metals	1059	(2)
Chromium	1061	(3)
Coordinate Covalent Bonds: Complex Ions and Coordination Compounds	1064	(11)
Crystal-Field Theory: Color and Magnetism in Coordination Compounds	1075
Estimation Up and Down the East Coast	1053	(7)
The Sacagawea Dollar Coin: In Search of Gold	1060
Chemistry You Can Do A Penny for Your Thoughts	1069	(2)
Portrait of a Scientist Alfred Werner	1071
Appendices A.1
Problem Solving and Mathematical Operations	1	(18)
Units, Equivalences, and Conversion Factors	19	(5)
Physical Constants	24	(1)
Sources of Chemical Data	25	(1)
Naming Simple Organic Compounds	26	(5)
Ionization Constants for Weak Acids at 25°C	31	(1)
Ionization Constants for Weak Bases at 25°C	32	(1)
Solubility Product Constants for Some Inorganic Compounds at 25°C	33	(2)
Standard Reduction Potentials in Aqueous Solution at 25°C	35	(3)
Selected Thermodynamic Values	38	(7)
Answers to Problem-Solving Practice Problems	45	(17)
Answers to Exercises	62	(18)
Answers to Selected Questions for Review and Thought	80
Glossary	1	(1)
Index	1