Chicago Death Trap

by Brandt, Nat

• ISBN13: 9780809324903
• ISBN10: 0809324903
• Format: Hardcover
• Copyright: 2003-02-14
• Publisher: Southern Illinois Univ Pr

Summary

On the afternoon of December 30, 1903, during a sold-out matinee performance, a fire broke out in Chicago's Iroquois Theatre. In the short span of twenty minutes, more than six hundred people, two thirds of whom were women and children, were asphyxiated, burned, or trampled to death in a panicked mob's failed attempt to escape. A century after the firethe deadliest in American historyNat Brandt provides the only detailed chronicle of this horrific event to assess not only the titanic tragedy of the fire itself but also the municipal corruption and greed that kindled the flames beforehand and the political cover-ups hidden in the smoke and ash afterwards. Advertised as "absolutely fireproof," the Iroquois was Chicago's most modern playhouse when it opened in the fall of 1903. With the approval of the city's building department, theater developers Harry J. Powers and William J. Davis opened the theater prematurely to take full advantage of the holiday crowds, ignoring flagrant safety violations in the process. During the matinee on this particular Wednesday, all 1,724 seats were filled and an additional two hundred people were standing. Midway through the second act, a spark from a defective light ignited a drop curtain and the blaze spread quickly to the scenery. Roof vents designed to handle smoke and heat were sealed off, and the fire curtain snagged before it could shield the audience from danger. A blast of gaseous fumes shot across the auditorium from an open stage door and asphyxiated hundreds of theatergoers almost instantly. Others were trampled or burned to death in the panic that ensued as they struggled to escape through locked exits, succeeding only in piling body upon body as the flames closed in. For days afterward, Chicago mourned as relatives and friends searched hospitals for missing loved ones. The aftermath of the fire proved to be a study in the miscarriage of justice. Despite overwhelming evidence that the building was not complete, that fire safety laws were ignored, and that management had deliberately sealed off exits during the performance, no one was ever convicted or otherwise held accountable for the enormous loss of life. Lavishly illustrated and featuring an introduction by Chicago historians Perry R. Duis and Cathlyn Schallhorn,Chicago Death Trap: The Iroquois Theatre Fire of 1903is rich with vivid details about this horrific disaster, captivatingly presented in human terms without losing sight of the broader historical context.

Author Biography

Veteran journalist Nat Brandt is the author of ten previous books, including The Man Who Tried to Burn New York and The Town That Started the Civil War. The former editor-in-chief of Publishers Weekly, Brandt was also an editor for The New York Times and managing editor of American Heritage. He is the cocreator of the PBS television series Crucible of the Millennium, for which he also served as head of research.

Table of Contents

List of Illustrations	ix
Acknowledgments	xi
Introduction	xiii
Perry R. Duis
Cathlyn Schallhorn
Prologue	1	(2)
Warning Signs	3	(3)
``Absolutely Fireproof''	6	(12)
Play and Players	18	(5)
Opening Night	23	(5)
3:15 P.M., Wednesday, December 30, 1903	28	(13)
In the Parquet and Boxes	41	(11)
In the Dress Circle and Gallery	52	(7)
The Rescuers	59	(13)
The News Spreads Rapidly	72	(8)
Morgue Scenes	80	(5)
In Mourning	85	(8)
A State of Shock	93	(7)
Safety Last	100	(14)
Finger Pointing	114	(8)
Blind Justice	122	(13)
Curtains	135	(8)
Ashes and Embers	143	(8)
Notes	151	(16)
Bibliography	167	(6)
Index	173